[Social services in the social security system of family support].

Abstract:

INTRODUCTION AND AIM:In my study, analysing the data available from the change of the regime to the present day, from among the social services, I examine the changes of the financial support relating to children and its parts which are currently financed from the budget of the National Health Insurance Fund of Hungary, with special emphasis on the Child Care Benefit and the Child Care Allowance and their modifications. DATA AND METHODS:Within the framework of our research, we analyze - through data from the National Health Insurance Fund of Hungary, the Hungarian Central Statistical Office, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the Hungarian State Treasury as well as on the basis of literature review - the social financial support and its changes, within the family policy system. RESULTS:Hungarian family policy is still driven by the attitude of staying at home for three years with the child. The long period spent at home with the children fundamentally affects the adjustment of mothers to the labour market which has a direct effect on the economic productivity. Even though according to the current regulations, mothers are allowed to work full-time besides receiving child care allowance after their child fills 6 months, part-time employment and telework is still in its infancy compared to the Western-European countries. Based on our research, high percentage of families go for the child care benefit directly after the birth of the child thus not participating in the labour market processes. Besides if they do participate, the percentage of employment on minimal wage is still very high which means that in 2016-2017 36% of families with two breadwinners and two children were forced to survive on subsistence income. CONCLUSION:In the examined period, we found that social and family policy changes unfortunately were not able to react sufficiently to the demographic challenges despite Hungary spending significantly more on family policy than other European and OECD countries. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(Suppl 1): 43-48. :Absztrakt Bevezetés és célkitűzés: A tanulmány – a rendszerváltástól napjainkig eltelt időszak adatait vizsgálva – a szociális ellátások közül a gyermekvállalással kapcsolatosan kifizetett és jelenleg az Egészségbiztosítási Alap költségvetésének pénzbeli ellátásokat terhelő részét, annak változásait tekinti át, kiemelt figyelmet fordítva az ellátások változásaira, nemzetközi relációira. Adatok és módszerek: A kutatás keretében az Egészségbiztosítási Alap, a Központi Statisztikai Hivatal, a Gazdasági Együttműködési és Fejlesztési Szervezet (OECD) és a Magyar Államkincstár adatainak elemzései és a szakirodalmi áttekintés során a magyar családpolitikai rendszer változásainak rendszerében elhelyezve elemezzük a szociális pénzbeli ellátások ezen csoportját. Eredmények: A magyar családpolitikát még napjainkban is alapvetően meghatározza a „3 évig otthon a gyerekkel” szemlélet. A gyermekkel otthon töltött hosszú időszak erősen megnehezíti az édesanyák munkaerőpiacról való időleges kilépését, majd visszailleszkedését, ami közvetlen hatást gyakorol a gazdaság termelékenységére. Bár a jelenlegi hazai szabályozás szerint az édesanya a gyermekgondozási díj teljes folyósítása mellett, már a kisgyermek 6 hónapos korától korlátlanul vállalhat munkát, a nyugat-európai országokkal összehasonlítva a részmunkaidős, valamint a távmunkában történő foglalkoztatás még mindig kezdetleges fázisban van. Felmérésünk szerint a magyar családok nagyobb része a gyermek megszületése után közvetlenül a gyermekgondozási segély ellátást veszi igénybe, tehát biztosítási jogviszony nélkül vállal gyermeket, így nem vesz részt a munkaerőpiaci folyamatokban. Amennyiben részt vesz is, még mindig magas a minimálbéren történő foglalkoztatás, ami ahhoz vezetett, hogy 2016–2017-ben a kétgyermekes kétkeresős családok 36%-a kényszerült a létminimum alatti jövedelemből élni. Következtetések: A vizsgált időszakban lezajló társadalmi, családpolitikai változások sajnálatos módon annak ellenére sem tudtak kellőképpen reagálni a demográfiai kihívásokra, hogy Magyarország – az európai és az OECD-országokkal összehasonlítva – kiemelkedően sokat költ családpolitikára. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(Suppl 1): 43–48.

journal_name

Orv Hetil

journal_title

Orvosi hetilap

authors

Szombati I

doi

10.1556/650.2019.31395

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2019-02-01 00:00:00

pages

43-48

issue

Suppl 1

eissn

0030-6002

issn

1788-6120

journal_volume

160

pub_type

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