Abstract：
:The external radiation exposure from an overhead plume containing gamma emitting radionuclides can contribute substantial dose to the ground receptor during normal operations as well as accidental release conditions of nuclear facilities. In order to estimate the effective dose conversion coefficients (DCCs) directly, a finite plume Monte Carlo model along with the reference phantom at the ground receptor location needs to be implemented. In the present study, a comprehensive simulation of radiation transport from the Gaussian plume source to the ICRP reference adult voxel phantoms (receptor) is carried out using the FLUKA Monte Carlo code. The organ absorbed doses as well as the effective DCCs of the adult reference phantom are computed for different meteorological parameters and downwind distances. To illustrate the application of this model, an overhead Gaussian plume containing two different gamma emitting radionuclides, 135Xe and 41Ar are considered. From these simulations, the ratio of the effective dose rate to the kerma rate are estimated as 0.6 Sv Gy-1 and 0.65 Sv Gy-1 for the exposure from 135Xe and 41Ar, respectively. This ratio is constant irrespective of the meteorological conditions and cloud models. Further results show that the effective DCCs as a function of the downwind distance vary by an order of magnitude for an unstable weather category; however, the variations are very small in the case of a stable category. This study demonstrates an accurate method for calculating the effective dose to the ground receptor from an external plume which can be further applied for any radionuclide under any meteorological condition.
journal_name
Phys Med Bioljournal_title
Physics in medicine and biologyauthors
Dey R,Patni HK,Deo Singh K,Kulkarni MS,Anand Sdoi
10.1088/1361-6560/ab2c92subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-08-01 00:00:00pages
155001issue
15eissn
0031-9155issn
1361-6560journal_volume
64pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Monolithic scintillation detectors for positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging have many advantages over pixelated detectors. The use of monolithic crystals allows for reducing the scintillator cost per unit volume and increasing the sensitivity along with the energy...
journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1088/0031-9155/58/14/4807
更新日期：2013-07-21 00:00:00
abstract：:The dielectric properties of glycerol, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol and dimethyl sulphoxide have been measured in various aqueous concentrations generally sufficient to allow supercooling rather than freezing. The temperature range investigated is from -80 degrees C to +20 degrees C and the frequency range is 100...
journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1088/0031-9155/41/10/014
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dose reconstruction is a process that re-creates the treatment-time dose deposited in a patient provided there is knowledge of the delivered energy fluence and the patient's anatomy at the time of treatment. A method for reconstructing dose is presented. The process starts with delivery verification, in which the inci...
journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1088/0031-9155/46/4/303
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Radiochromic films are useful as dosimeters in high-precision radiotherapy owing to their high spatial resolution. However, when a particle beam is measured using a radiochromic film, the dose cannot be estimated accurately because the film darkness varies with variations in linear energy transfer (LET). This paper pr...
journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1088/1361-6560/ab8bf3
更新日期：2020-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The 'monoenergetic' electron loss model was derived in a previous work to account for pathlength straggling in the Fermi-Eyges pencil beam problem. In this paper, we extend this model to account for energy-loss straggling and secondary knock-on electron transport in order to adequately predict a depth dose curve. To m...
journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1088/0031-9155/45/10/313
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Finding fluence maps for intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) can be formulated as a multi-criteria optimization problem for which Pareto optimal treatment plans exist. To account for the dose-per-fraction effect of fractionated IMRT, it is desirable to exploit radiobiological treatment plan evaluation criteri...
journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1088/0031-9155/53/22/006
更新日期：2008-11-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Radiobiological models for estimating normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) are increasingly used in order to quantify or optimize the clinical outcome of radiation therapy. A good NTCP model should fulfill at least the following two requirements: (a) it should predict the sigmoid shape of the corresponding do...
journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1088/0031-9155/53/22/016
更新日期：2008-11-21 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper presents a new algorithm for constrained intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) planning, made tractable by a dimensionality reduction using a set of plans obtained by fast, unconstrained optimizations. The main result is to reduce planning time by an order of magnitude, producing viable five field prostat...
journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1088/0031-9155/53/23/007
更新日期：2008-12-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Microcalcification is one of the earliest and main indicators of breast cancer. Because dual-energy digital mammography could suppress the contrast between the adipose and glandular tissues of the breast, it is considered a promising technique that will improve the detection of microcalcification. In dual-energy digit...
journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1088/0031-9155/53/22/004
更新日期：2008-11-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Planning of radiotherapy is often difficult due to restrictions on morphological images. New imaging techniques enable the integration of biological information into treatment planning and help to improve the detection of vital and aggressive tumour areas. This might improve clinical outcome. However, nowadays morphol...
journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1088/0031-9155/50/17/020
更新日期：2005-09-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous treatment of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) malignancies by intrathecal administration of (131)I-radiolabelled monoclonal antibodies has led to the assumption that more healthy tissue will be spared when a pure beta-emitter such as (90)Y replaces (131)I. The purpose of this study is to compare and quantitatively e...
journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1088/0031-9155/51/1/014
更新日期：2006-01-07 00:00:00
abstract：:The combined build-up and attenuation factor, B exp (-mu r), of point isotropic photon sources in a water medium has been calculated using the Monte Carlo method, for energies (20-1500 keV) and distances (1-10 cm) relevant in brachytherapy. For the transport of photons and electrons, up-to-date and self-consistent tot...
journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1088/0031-9155/36/6/005
更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Proton, as well as other ion, beams applied by electro-magnetic deflection in pencil-beam scanning (PBS) are minimally perturbed and thus can be quantified a priori by their fundamental interactions in a medium. This a priori quantification permits an optimal reduction of characterizing measurements on a particular PB...
journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1088/0031-9155/57/5/1147
更新日期：2012-03-07 00:00:00
abstract：:First experimental results with energy-resolved computed tomography (CT) are reported. The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) in CT has been improved with x-ray energy weighting for the first time. Further, x-ray energy weighting improved the CNR in material decomposition CT when applied to CT projections prior to dual-ene...
journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1088/0031-9155/53/20/002
更新日期：2008-10-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Ion chamber dosimetry requires a high degree of precision, at all steps within the dosimetric process, in order to ensure accurate dose measurements. This work presents a novel technique for ion chamber volume determination and quality assurance, using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Four nominally identical Exr...
journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1088/0031-9155/53/18/012
更新日期：2008-09-21 00:00:00
abstract：:A comprehensive set of measurements and calculations has been conducted to investigate the accuracy of the Dose Planning Method (DPM) Monte Carlo code for electron beam dose calculations in heterogeneous media. Measurements were made using 10 MeV and 50 MeV minimally scattered, uncollimated electron beams from a racet...
journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1088/0031-9155/47/11/301
更新日期：2002-06-07 00:00:00
abstract：:In carbon ion therapy treatment planning, the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) is accounted for by optimization of the RBE-weighted dose (biological dose). The RBE calculation methods currently applied clinically in carbon ion therapy are derived from the microdosimetric kinetic model (MKM) in Japan and the loc...
journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1088/1361-6560/aae8b4
更新日期：2018-11-12 00:00:00
abstract：:A radiofrequency and field-gradient pulse sequence is presented permitting the non-invasive, volume-selective and spectroscopically resolved determination of incoherent transport parameters with the aid of an NMR field-gradient method. With proton NMR, diffusion or (quasi-incoherent) perfusion coefficients as low as 1...
journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1088/0031-9155/35/1/007
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Instead of performing a numerical deconvolution, we propose to use a linear piecewise-continuous model of the renal impulse response function for parametric fitting of renal scintigraphy data, to obtain clinically useful renal parameters. The strengths of the present model are its simplicity and speed of computation, ...
journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1088/0031-9155/48/12/402
更新日期：2003-06-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Dose calculation for radiotherapy with protons and heavier ions deals with a large volume of path integrals involving a scattering power of body tissue. This work provides a simple model for such demanding applications. There is an approximate linearity between RMS end-point displacement and range of incident particle...
journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1088/0031-9155/54/5/N01
更新日期：2009-03-07 00:00:00
abstract：:As the use of radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic (EM) fields has increased along with increased use of wireless communication, the possible related health risks have also been widely discussed. One safety aspect is the interaction of medical implants and RF devices like mobile phones. In the literature, effects on ac...
journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1088/0031-9155/52/5/001
更新日期：2007-03-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Simultaneous thermoradiotherapy has been shown to maximize the effect of hyperthermia as a radiation sensitizer in cancer treatment. Here we follow our previous work on feasibility of thermoradiotherapy with the scanning ultrasound reflector linear array system (SURLAS) and TomoTherapy HiArt treatment system, and inve...
journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1088/0031-9155/53/10/004
更新日期：2008-05-21 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study, two computational phantoms of the newborn patient were used to assess individual organ doses and effective doses delivered during head, chest, abdomen, pelvis, and torso examinations using the Siemens SOMATOM Sensation 16 helical multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) scanner. The stylized phantom used ...
journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1088/0031-9155/51/20/005
更新日期：2006-10-21 00:00:00
abstract：:A mammogram is the standard modality used for breast cancer screening. Computer-aided detection (CAD) approaches are helpful for improving breast cancer detection rates when applied to mammograms. However, automated analysis of a mammogram often leads to inaccurate results in the presence of the pectoral muscle. There...
journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1088/0031-9155/58/23/8493
更新日期：2013-12-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Many models exist for predicting toxicities based on dose-volume histograms (DVHs) or dose-surface histograms (DSHs). This approach has several drawbacks as firstly the reduction of the dose distribution to a histogram results in the loss of spatial information and secondly the bins of the histograms are highly correl...
journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1088/0031-9155/56/7/013
更新日期：2011-04-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Dose calculations of pencil beam scanning treatment plans rely on the accuracy of proton spot profiles; not only the primary component but also the broad tail components. Four films are placed at several locations in air and multiple depths in Solidwater® for six selected energies. The films used for the primary compo...
journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1088/0031-9155/58/17/6193
更新日期：2013-09-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Beta emitting 106Ru-applicators are used to treat choroidal melanoma. In order to improve the accuracy and simplify the dosimetry of these applicators, the suitability of using a p-type silicon semiconductor detector has been investigated. The detector is calibrated in a low energy electron beam. An important property...
journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1088/0031-9155/36/7/005
更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper introduces a novel compartmental model describing the excretion of 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG) in the renal system and a numerical method based on the maximum likelihood for its reduction. This approach accounts for variations in FDG concentration due to water re-absorption in renal tubules and the increa...
journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1088/0031-9155/59/10/2469
更新日期：2014-05-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Single monochromator charge-coupled device (CCD) array spectroradiometers have the advantage of ease of use and speed compared with double grating instruments. Their inherently inferior stray-light rejection, however, can critically affect their accuracy in phototherapy and research-related dosimetry applications. Thi...
journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1088/0031-9155/53/18/026
更新日期：2008-09-21 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study is to investigate whether quality assurance (QA) for cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) image rotation is necessary in order to ensure the accuracy of CBCT based image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) and adaptive radiotherapy (ART). Misregistration of angular coordinates during CBCT acquisi...
journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1088/0031-9155/58/4/1059
更新日期：2013-02-21 00:00:00
