Abstract:
:This study aims to determine the composition of BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene) and assess the risk to health at different sites in Malaysia. Continuous monitoring of BTEX in Kuala Lumpur City Centre, Kuala Terengganu, Kota Kinabalu and Fraser Hill were conducted using Online Gas Chromatograph. For comparison, BTEX at selected hotspot locations were determined by active sampling method using sorbent tubes and Thermal Desorption Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. The hazard quotient (HQ) for non-carcinogenic and the life-time cancer risk (LTCR) of BTEX were calculated using the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) health risk assessment (HRA) methods. The results showed that the highest total BTEX concentrations using continuous monitoring were recorded in the Kuala Lumpur City Centre (49.56 ± 23.71 μg/m3). Toluene was the most dominant among the BTEX compounds. The average concentrations of benzene ranged from 0.69 ± 0.45 μg/m3 to 6.20 ± 3.51 μg/m3. Measurements using active sampling showed that BTEX concentrations dominated at the roadside (193.11 ± 114.57 μg/m3) in comparison to petrol station (73.08 ± 30.41 μg/m3), petrochemical industry (32.10 ± 13.13 μg/m3) and airport (25.30 ± 6.17 μg/m3). Strong correlations among BTEX compounds (p<0.01, r>0.7) at Kuala Lumpur City Centre showed that BTEX compounds originated from similar sources. The values of HQ at all stations were <1 indicating the non-carcinogenic risk are negligible and do not pose threats to human health. The LTCR value based on benzene inhalation (1.59 × 10-5) at Kuala Lumpur City Centre were between 1 × 10-4 and 1 × 10-5, representing a probable carcinogenic risk.
journal_name
Chemospherejournal_title
Chemosphereauthors
Latif MT,Abd Hamid HH,Ahamad F,Khan MF,Mohd Nadzir MS,Othman M,Sahani M,Abdul Wahab MI,Mohamad N,Uning R,Poh SC,Fadzil MF,Sentian J,Tahir NMdoi
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124451subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-12-01 00:00:00pages
124451eissn
0045-6535issn
1879-1298pii
S0045-6535(19)31675-3journal_volume
237pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
CHEMOSPHERE文献大全abstract::The attapulgite supported nanoscale zero-valent iron composite (AT-nZVI) was synthesized and used for Cr(VI) removal. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) indicated that nZVI particles were well distributed and immobilized on the attapulgite surface. Batch experiments of Cr(VI) removal we...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.070
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ten previously unidentified polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PBDDs) were identified or tentatively identified in samples of Baltic Sea sediment and biota. Five tetrabrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins (TeBDDs) were identified using authentic reference standards, including the four most abundant (previously denoted 4U1 throu...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.11.023
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::As (III) is widely distributed in groundwater which is relatively harder to be removed comparing to As (V). Co-grinding Ca(OH)2 with Al(OH)3 was conducted to manufacture katoite (Ca3Al2(OH)12) for the complete removal of As(III) (concentration below drinking water standard of WHO (<10 ppb)) during one-step agitation o...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127555
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mature male dab (Limanda limanda) acclimated at 10 degrees and 16 degrees C were orally administered a single dose of 0.5 mg/kg 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (CB77). At both temperatures, levels of cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) protein and 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity showed a two to six fold induction ...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0045-6535(96)00137-3
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sequestration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) results in the slow release of PAHs from sediment to the aqueous environment, thus limiting bioavailability. Three methods to account for the limited bioavailability of native PAHs to the gastropod Hinia reticulata were therefore investigated: (i) infinite-sink ...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.12.028
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::To elucidate mechanisms of Cr3+ sorption onto the unaltered solid natural organic matter, the comparative studies of this ion binding from a solution at pH 4.0 onto three selected particle size fractions: 2000-1000 microm, 630-200 microm and 63-20 microm of markedly different HS content and structure, separated by a w...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.09.042
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although epidemiological and animal studies suggest a possible correlation between bisphenol A (BPA) exposure and atherosclerosis, very few in vitro mechanistic and functional studies regarding the effect of BPA on vascular cells have been conducted. Here, we applied a "real-life" exposure scenario by continuously exp...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127159
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The polluted water sources pose a serious issue concerning the various health hazards they bring along. Due to various uncontrolled anthropogenic and industrial activities, a great number of pollutants have gained entry into the water systems. Among all the emerging contaminants, anionic species such as fluoride cause...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126657
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Individual particles containing Cr and/or Pb and other major components were identified in road dust from a heavily used road (hereinafter 'heavy traffic road dust'), road dust from a residential area and soakaway sediment by electron probe microanalyser to locate their sources and carrier particles. Individual partic...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.11.044
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Disinfectant-containing wastewaters have been generated from many places, including marine industries. The synthetic NaClO-containing wastewaters have been effectively treated in a saline MBBR-MBR (moving bed biofilm reactor & membrane bioreactor) system containing marine microorganisms. A low concentration of NaCl (b...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128716
更新日期:2020-10-22 00:00:00
abstract::The attenuation of the acid mine drainage is one of the most important environmental challenges facing the mining industry worldwide. Mining waste deposits from an ancient metallurgical extraction of heavy metals were found near to the San Antonio marsh in Patagonia. The aim of this work was to determinate which mecha...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.127
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) is one of nitrogenous disinfection by-products (N-DBPs) with strong cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. In this study, the formation potential (FP) of DCAN was investigated in the samples of six important water sources located in the Yangtze River Delta. The highest formation concentration of DC...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.118
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The degradation and mineralisation of (400 mL, 3.15 mM) aqueous solutions of 2-hydroxypyridine (2-HPY), a primary intermediate formed during the photolytic degradation of 2-chloropyridine (2-CPY), 2-bromopyridine (2-BPY) and 2-iodopyridine (2-IPY), was studied at 50 degrees C, under 254 nm UV irradiation in a range of...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.08.026
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Influences of anionic co-solutes on dechlorination of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (124TCB) by the nanoscale Pd/Fe particles were investigated in batch experiments in the presence of an anionic solute such as nitrate, nitrite, perchlorate, phosphate, carbonate, silica, sulfate, sulfite, or sulfide. Based on the extent of in...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.07.050
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A field survey of metal concentrations and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) components of plants growing on five mining sites was conducted in Chenzhou City, Hunan Province, Southern China and a control site in Hong Kong. Significant differences were observed in the average concentrations of total heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cu,...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.06.037
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objectives of this work were to study the effect of urea addition to the fuel before the combustion on the suppression of PCDD/F emissions, to examine the influence of urea to PCDD/F isomer patterns by employing statistical analysis techniques and to determine the most effective method of urea addition. Urea in th...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(00)00248-4
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atmospheric emissions of neonicotinoid seed treatment insecticides as particulate matter in field crops occur mainly for two reasons: 1) due to abraded dust of treated seed generated during planting using vacuum planters, and 2) as a result of disturbances (tillage or wind events) in the surface of parental soils whic...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.126
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::3D graphene-based materials are promising adsorbents for environmental applications. Furthermore, increasing attention has been paid to the improvement of 3D graphene adsorbents for removing pollutants. In this article, the progress in the modification of 3D graphene materials and their performance for removing pollut...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129420
更新日期:2020-12-29 00:00:00
abstract::Although microbial transformations via cometabolism have been widely observed, the few available kinetic models of cometabolism have not adequately addressed the case of inhibition from both the growth and nongrowth substrates. The present study investigated the degradation kinetics of self-inhibitory growth (phenol) ...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(01)00182-5
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Electrostatic and complexation effects have been considered as the primary adsorption mechanisms for defluorination using aluminum based materials, while the effect of ion exchange between anions and fluorine ion has been mostly ignored, although synthesized alumina materials usually contain a large amount of anions, ...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129678
更新日期:2021-01-19 00:00:00
abstract::Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD)-added, pretreated fly ash was heated under vacuum at sample temperatures ranging from T(s)=450 to 650 K. The fly ash and liquid nitrogen-cooled trap samples were analyzed for DD/DF through OCDD/DF. The total amounts of DD through OCDD decrease with increasing T(s), which indicates tha...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.01.079
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The organic toxicants present in the effluent of the main sewer of the city of Zagreb, Croatia were isolated and identified through the use of effects-directed characterisation techniques. At the time of investigation, the wastewater effluent received no treatment and was comprised of a mixture of effluent from domest...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.09.021
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Contamination of rice (Oryza sativa) by Cd is of great concern. Steel slag could be used to amend Cd-contaminated soils and make them safe for cereal production. This work was conducted to study the effects of steel slag on Cd uptake and growth of rice plants in acidic and Cd-contaminated paddy soils and to determine ...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.069
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Elevated atmospheric O3 can inhibit the growth rate of various plants and increase metal content in their tissues owing to the oxidative damage, thereby affecting their phytoremediation efficiency. In this study, a series of O3 fumigation treatments were designed to evaluate the dry weight, Cd content, and transpirati...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128940
更新日期:2021-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sixteen organochlorine pesticides (OC) were analyzed in several tissue types (abdominal and subcutaneous fat, liver and brain) from juvenile (n=14), immature (n=9), subadult (n=7) and adult (n=20) razorbill (Alca torda) collected from the southwestern Mediterranean coastline, in the East of Spain (La Marina, Elche, Al...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.06.015
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Efficient removal of bio-refractory dissolved organic matter (DOM) and colorants is essential for discharging or reusing the distillery wastewater. An important part of recalcitrant DOM still exists in the effluent of regular coagulation though the ferric coagulant has been found to be effective in decoloration. The p...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.030
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Paper recycling is an environmental important activity that is carried out in all the countries, but during the recycling process a paper waste is produced. Generally these wastes are placed in landfill sites but it is possible to profit it as secondary fuel and raw material in manufacture furnaces. In this work the c...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.01.049
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::To study the recent contamination history of DDT (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(chlorophenyl)ethane) and its metabolites, as well as methoxychlor (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-methoxyphenyl)ethane), chlorfenson (4-chlorophenyl-p-chlorobenzenesulfonate), and further halogenated aromatics, a sediment core was collected from the ...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.04.113
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the present study, lanthanum (La) as a representative REE was used to explore the mechanisms for alleviation of Cd-induced oxidative damage by extraneous La at appropriate concentrations, and to assess ecological risk of combination of Cd and La at higher concentrations in roots of Vicia faba L. seedlings. The seed...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.10.030
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amorphous silica (SiO2) nanostructures are described in the literature as having low toxicity and are widely used in many industrial products. However, surface modifications, such as amine-functionalization, can result in increased cytotoxicity. In this study, amorphous SiO2 nanostructures (SiO2 NS) were synthesized a...
journal_title:Chemosphere
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.165
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00