Direct and indirect effects of temperature and prey abundance on bald eagle reproductive dynamics.

abstract：:Plants derived from ten representative Limnanthes alba populations in Northern California, grown in a common environment, showed significant among-population genetic variation of certain floral and life history characters. Variation of these two sets of characters also correlated with the geographic distribution of po...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Ritland K,Jain S

更新日期：1984-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Argyrodes antipodianus is a small kleptobiotic spider that steals prey from webs of the large orb-weaving spider Nephila plumipes, and sometimes removes the web itself. We used experiments in a greenhouse to test how the presence of the kleptobiont, differences in food availability, and web damage affected fitness of ...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Grostal P,Walter DE

更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this review I offer a solution to the problem why endotherm populations appear to be so inefficient in converting food energy into body substance despite the fact that individual endotherms are just as 'efficient' in this respect as individual ectotherms. Calculated for individuals of half the adult mass both ectot...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Wieser W

更新日期：1985-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Carbon isotope ratios, photosynthesis, and transpiration were measured on a xylem-tapping mistletoe (Phoradendron juniperinum) and its host (Juniperus osteosperma) in southern Utah, USA. For host tissues, the carbon isotope ratios agreed with theoretical values predicted from gas exchange observations. However, for mi...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Marshall JD,Ehleringer JR

更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The foraging behavior of Mesocyclops edax in artificial patches of high and low prey density was examined. In low density patches Mesocyclops swam in an irregular curvilinear path with little or no looping behavior. In high density patches Mesocyclops exhibited extensive horizontal and vertical looping behavior. Horiz...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Williamson CE

更新日期：1981-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The majority of generalisations concerning plant responses to herbivory are based on studies of natural or simulated defoliation. However, effects caused by insects feeding on plant sap are likely to differ from the effects of folivory. We assessed the general patterns and sources of variation in the effects of sap fe...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Zvereva EL,Lanta V,Kozlov MV

更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Four shrub species of the Australian Proteaceae (Hakea sericea, H. gibbosa, H. suaveolens and H. salicifolia) were introduced to South African fynbos shrublands between 1840 and 1860. H. sericea is highly invasive, H. gibbosa and H. suaveolens are moderately invasive and H. salicifolia is not invasive. The allocation ...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Richardson DM,Van Wilgen BW,Mitchell DT

更新日期：1987-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Herbivore-induced defences appear ubiquitous across most biomes and habitats. Yet the direct correlation between induced changes in host plant chemistry and the population dynamics of the herbivore remain untested in many systems. In plant-herbivore interactions in the terrestrial environment, indirect or tritrophic i...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Coleman RA,Ramchunder SJ,Davis KM,Moody AJ,Foggo A

更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Seedling recruitment is a critical driver of population dynamics and community assembly, yet we know little about functional traits that define different recruitment strategies. For the first time, we examined whether trait relatedness across germination and seedling stages allows the identification of general recruit...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Larson JE,Sheley RL,Hardegree SP,Doescher PS,James JJ

更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Relationships involving fire and perennial grasses are controversial in Chihuahuan Desert grasslands of southern New Mexico, USA. Research suggests that fire delays the resprouting of perennial grasses well after two growing seasons. However, such results are confounded by livestock grazing, soil erosion, and drought....

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Drewa PB,Peters DP,Havstad KM

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The relationship between ichthyotoxicity and predation-related defensive functional morphology was examined in alcyonacean soft corals of the central and northern regions of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), Australia. Approximately 170 specimens were assessed encompassing a number of genera within three families: 1) the ...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Sammarco PW,La Barre S,Coll JC

更新日期：1987-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Plant interactions with mutualists and antagonists vary remarkably across space, and have played key roles in the ecology and evolution of flowering plants. One dominant form of spatial variation is human modification of the landscape, including urbanization and suburbanization. Our goal was to assess how suburbanizat...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Irwin RE,Warren PS,Carper AL,Adler LS

更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The leaf area to sapwood area ratio (A l:A s) of trees has been hypothesized to decrease as trees become older and taller. Theory suggests that A l:A s must decrease to maintain leaf-specific hydraulic sufficiency as path length, gravity, and tortuosity constrain whole-plant hydraulic conductance. We tested the hypoth...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： McDowell N,Barnard H,Bond B,Hinckley T,Hubbard R,Ishii H,Köstner B,Magnani F,Marshall J,Meinzer F,Phillips N,Ryan M,Whitehead D

更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nitrogen deposition in the northeastern US changed N availability in the latter part of the twentieth century, with potential legacy effects. However, long-term N cycle measurements are scarce. N isotopes in tree rings have been used as an indicator of N availability through time, but there is little verification of w...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Burnham MB,Adams MB,Peterjohn WT

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of pollination, predispersal seed predation, and plant density upon seed production of Astragalus canadensis L. in a tall-grass prairie were studied by experimental manipulation of plant density. Seed production was greater at high than low plant densities; this was inferred to result from differences in p...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Platt WJ,Hill GR,Clark S

更新日期：1974-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The random-mixing assumptions of many parasite-transmission models are challenged if healthy individuals can alter their behaviour to reduce their risk of infection. Some pathogens reduce the attractiveness of their hosts' excretions, for example, potentially altering contact rates and thus the predicted force of infe...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Hughes NK,Helsen S,Tersago K,Leirs H

更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aspects of the demography of Monhystera disjuncta were investigated at different temperatures (in agnotobiotic cultures) and in different feeding conditions (monoxenic cultures with different bacterial strains, and different densities in the feeding suspension with one strain). Embryonic development time, minimum gene...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Vranken G,Herman PM,Heip C

更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Disturbance is now recognized as a key ecosystem process but few studies have examined its indirect effects on individuals in a population or its relationship to ecological dominance in a community. Using an ecologically dominant small mammal population in experimentally burned habitat as a model, I empirically tested...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Plavsic MJ

更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The response of an Australian arid-zone gecko community to sulphur dioxide and salt spray from a mine and industrial site was investigated from 1992 to 1995. Geckos were abundant and fecund at control sites in chenopod shrubland and annual capture rates were strongly influenced by minimum night temperatures. Capture r...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Read JL

更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Variation in body size (weight) is examined across the order Carnivora in relation to taxonomy (phylogeny), latitude, habitat, zonation, activity cycle, diet, prey size, and prey diversity. Significant differences in body weight are observed with respect to family membership. Some of these differences may be explained...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Gittleman JL

更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Invasion of non-native annuals across the Intermountain West is causing a widespread transition from perennial sagebrush communities to fire-prone annual herbaceous communities and grasslands. To determine how this invasion affects ecosystem function, carbon and water fluxes were quantified in three, paired sagebrush ...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Prater MR,Obrist D,Arnone JA 3rd,DeLucia EH

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Seasonal measurements of microclimatic conditions were compared to seasonal indices of leaf structural components and plant water relations in Prosopis glandulosa var. torryana. P. glandulosa had two short periods of leaf production which resulted in two distinct even aged cohorts of leaves. The two leaf cohorts (summ...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Nilsen ET,Sharifi MR,Rundel PW,Virginia RA

更新日期：1986-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies relating reproduction to food availability are usually restricted to food quantity, but ignore food quality and the effects of habitat structure on obtaining the food. This is particularly true for insectivorous birds. In this study we relate measures of reproductive success, time of reproduction and nestling ...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Brodmann PA,Reyer HU,Bollmann K,Schläpfer AR,Rauter C

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding the factors that influence plant distributions is a considerable challenge for ecologists in the face of environmental change. Here, we quantify spatial and temporal variation in the finite rate of population increase of the annual grass Vulpia fasciculata. Specifically, we test the hypothesis that the n...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Norton LR,Firbank LG,Scott A,Watkinson AR

更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The evolution of longevity requires a low risk of mortality from extrinsic factors, relative to intrinsic factors, so that individuals that differentially invest in physiological self-maintenance and minimize their annual reproductive costs will maximize lifetime fitness through a prolonged reproductive lifespan. The ...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Apanius V,Nisbet IC

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A new technique based upon the dilution of C 14 /C 12 ratios in structural carbon of root systems during the course of the growing season was used to evaluate belowground turnover or productivity of two cool desert communities in northern Utah, USA. This technique provides a measure of turnover of the root system of e...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Caldwell MM,Camp LB

更新日期：1974-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For many amphibians, high temperatures and limited precipitation are crucial habitat characteristics that limit species ranges and modulate life-history characteristics. Although knowledge of the ability of amphibians to cope with such environmental harshness is particularly relevant in the light of ongoing environmen...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Reniers J,Brendonck L,Roberts JD,Verlinden W,Vanschoenwinkel B

更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fluorescent probes have been applied to study by epifluorescence microscopy interactions between species in an Anabaena flos-aquae association, derived from a freshwater community. Glycoconjugates (macromolecules containing carbohydrate residues) have been shown to play a vital role in recognition processes and in for...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Müller U,Sengbusch PV

更新日期：1983-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mechanical aspects of predation by the shore crab, Carcinus maenas, on the edible mussel, Mytilus edulis, were examined. The shore crabs from the population studied utilized five distinct, largely size-related, mussel-opening techniques. Crushing the mussel umbone appeared the most successful opening method for medium...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Elner RW

更新日期：1978-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ant metapleural glands secrete surface antibiotics that affect pollen as well as bacteria and fungi. This may be one reason why ant pollination is rare. It is predicted that pollination by ants is possible only in the presence of certain ant and/or plant traits. Two traits are investigated; first, absence of the metap...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Peakall R,Angus CJ,Beattie AJ

更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00