Abstract:
:The leaf area to sapwood area ratio (A l:A s) of trees has been hypothesized to decrease as trees become older and taller. Theory suggests that A l:A s must decrease to maintain leaf-specific hydraulic sufficiency as path length, gravity, and tortuosity constrain whole-plant hydraulic conductance. We tested the hypothesis that A l:A s declines with tree height. Whole-tree A l:A s was measured on 15 individuals of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii) ranging in height from 13 to 62 m (aged 20-450 years). A l:A s declined substantially as height increased (P=0.02). Our test of the hypothesis that A l:A s declines with tree height was extended using a combination of original and published data on nine species across a range of maximum heights and climates. Meta-analysis of 13 whole-tree studies revealed a consistent and significant reduction in A l:A s with increasing height (P<0.05). However, two species (Picea abies and Abies balsamea) exhibited an increase in A l:A s with height, although the reason for this is not clear. The slope of the relationship between A l:A s and tree height (ΔA l:A s/Δh) was unrelated to mean annual precipitation. Maximum potential height was positively correlated with ΔA l:A s/Δh. The decrease in A l:A s with increasing tree size that we observed in the majority of species may be a homeostatic mechanism that partially compensates for decreased hydraulic conductance as trees grow in height.
journal_name
Oecologiajournal_title
Oecologiaauthors
McDowell N,Barnard H,Bond B,Hinckley T,Hubbard R,Ishii H,Köstner B,Magnani F,Marshall J,Meinzer F,Phillips N,Ryan M,Whitehead Ddoi
10.1007/s00442-002-0904-xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-06-01 00:00:00pages
12-20issue
1eissn
0029-8549issn
1432-1939pii
10.1007/s00442-002-0904-xjournal_volume
132pub_type
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