Abstract:
:Flavonoids are involved in citrus defense against phytopathogens. In this study, we applied in vitro biocatalysis assays using the flavanones glycosides hesperidin and naringin to explore the enzymatic activities involved in such interaction. The main enzymatic activity observed was the hydrolysis catalyzed by fungi naringinases and hesperidinases. Withing 7 days, the two citrus phytopathogenic fungi, Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum, exhibited the highest hydrolyzing rate on the flavanones, reaching conversion values higher than 90%. In addition, Geothrichum citri-aurantii exhibited no enzymatic activity and Penicillium expansum only hydrolyzed hesperidin. In order to evaluate flavonoid biotransformation by the fungi in vivo, citrus fruits infected with P. digitatum were analyzed through molecular networking and Imaging Mass Spectrometry (IMS). In vivo assays revealed that citrus fruit in response to the infection is able to hydroxylate flavonoids, and novel flavonoid structures were associated to the citrus' defense. The data reported here present a new point of view in the relation between citrus flavonoids and phytopathogenic fungi and can be useful to understand the infection processes and host-pathogen interaction.
journal_name
Bioorg Chemjournal_title
Bioorganic chemistryauthors
Costa JH,Fernandes LS,Akiyama DY,Fill TPdoi
10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104126subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-09-01 00:00:00pages
104126eissn
0045-2068issn
1090-2120pii
S0045-2068(20)31423-1journal_volume
102pub_type
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