Abstract：
:Cytokines are pleiotropic molecules with important roles in inflammatory responses. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and neuroinflammation are important not only in inflammatory responses but also in neurogenesis and neuroprotection. Sustained stress and the subsequent release of pro-inflammatory cytokines lead to chronic neuroinflammation, which contributes to depression. Hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) and the associated hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis have close interactions with pro-inflammatory cytokines and neuroinflammation. Elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and GR functional resistance are among the most widely investigated factors in the pathophysiology of depression. These two major components create a vicious cycle. In brief, chronic neuroinflammation inhibits GR function, which in turn exacerbates pro-inflammatory cytokine activity and aggravates chronic neuroinflammation. On the other hand, neuroinflammation causes an imbalance between oxidative stress and the anti-oxidant system, which is also associated with depression. Although current evidence strongly suggests that cytokines and GRs have important roles in depression, they are essential components of a whole system of inflammatory and endocrine interactions, rather than playing independent parts. Despite the evidence that a dysfunctional immune and endocrine system contributes to the pathophysiology of depression, much research remains to be undertaken to clarify the cause and effect relationship between depression and neuroinflammation.
journal_name
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatryauthors
Kim YK,Na KS,Myint AM,Leonard BEdoi
10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.06.008subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-01-04 00:00:00pages
277-84eissn
0278-5846issn
1878-4216pii
S0278-5846(15)00135-9journal_volume
64pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：BACKGROUND:Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common psychiatric condition that can develop following a traumatic experience. PTSD is associated with significant disability, a large economic burden, and despite the range of therapies to treat PTSD, response to antidepressants is limited. A growing body of clinic...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
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abstract：BACKGROUND:With the increasing number and type of antidepressants available to clinicians, there is a need to better understand current prescribing practices and to what degree these practices reflect research findings. The purpose of this study was to examine prescribing practices in a sample of psychiatrists attendin...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
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abstract：:1. Genetic databases are an expanding and readily accessible repository of information on the mapping and sequencing of the human genome, and that of other model organisms. The integration and application of this information to neuropsychiatric disease is illustrated using neuroendocrine and neuropharmacologic data, c...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
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journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
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journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
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pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
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journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
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journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
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journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
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journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
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pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2013-03-05 00:00:00
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journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2011-03-30 00:00:00
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journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0278-5846(88)90048-6
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A candidate gene and a genome-wide approach were combined to study the pharmacogenetics of antidepressant response and resistance. Investigated genes were selected on the basis of pleiotropic effect across psychiatric phenotypes in previous genome-wide association studies and involvement in antidepressant response. Th...
journal_title：Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.10.005
更新日期：2018-02-02 00:00:00
