Abstract：
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Psychological distance refers to how far and how long ago an event feels to a person and how distant this person feels from their past self who experienced the event. Psychological distance is related to the recollective experience of the memory, but people with PTSD and depression remember positive and negative events differently. Whereas people with depression tend to have over-general memory, people with PTSD often relive traumatic experiences (i.e., intrusive memories). These findings suggest that people with PTSD might feel close to negative events and that people with depression might feel distant from positive events. METHOD:In the present study, students (N = 103) reported their PTSD and depression symptoms and the psychological distance of highly positive and highly negative events. RESULTS:In line with previous work, participants generally felt close to positive experiences and distant from negative experiences. However, this study is the first one to show that participants with more depression symptoms feel psychologically distant from positive events and participants with more PTSD symptoms feel psychologically close to negative events. LIMITATIONS:Although we did not establish whether the negative event was traumatic and whether the participants with many PTSD and depression symptoms suffered from these disorders, these limitations can be addressed in future research. CONCLUSIONS:The results emphasize the important role of identifying with positive events in depression and they support the idea that PTSD is caused by the fact that the traumatic event has become central to a person's life story.
journal_name
J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatryjournal_title
Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatryauthors
Janssen SM,Hearne TL,Takarangi MKdoi
10.1016/j.jbtep.2015.04.002subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-09-01 00:00:00pages
177-84eissn
0005-7916issn
1873-7943pii
S0005-7916(15)00049-Xjournal_volume
48pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:People who perform a cognitively demanding secondary task while recalling a distressing memory often experience the memory as less emotional, vivid, or accurate during subsequent recollections. In this experiment, we tested whether the emotional valence (positive versus neutral) and sensory mo...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbtep.2014.11.001
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Persons with delusions tend to display a jumping-to-conclusions (JTC) bias which is considered relevant to delusion formation. However, its contribution in real life social scenarios is unknown. This study investigates whether JTC increases when decisions have to be made in delusion-relevant s...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbtep.2010.09.005
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Field research indicates that lower intelligence may predispose trauma-exposed individuals towards the development of re-experiencing symptoms. However, this assumption requires further testing in controlled prospective studies. In the current analog study, we tested whether lower fluid intell...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbtep.2020.101611
更新日期：2021-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Body dysmorphic disorder is a severe disturbance in which the person is preoccupied with an imagined defect in appearance. It is unclear what causes and what maintains BDD, although it is assumed that patients are characterized by an increased self-focused attention. Since patients spend a lot of time examining their ...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbtep.2008.10.001
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In medicine, decisions about treatment selection are mainly based on clinical diagnoses, whereas behavior therapists have typically assumed that it is necessary to tailor treatments based on individual problem analyses. However, various studies (including our own using patients with phobic anxieties) have failed to de...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0005-7916(96)00015-8
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) refers to preoccupation with an imagined physical defect or the exaggeration of a slight physical anomaly. Since BDD's inclusion in the DSM-III-R, there have been only a handful of reports of its cognitive-behavioral treatment. We describe one successful short-term cognitive-behavioral t...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0005-7916(95)00004-j
更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This clinical report describes an enhancement of imaginal flooding therapy developed in clinical practice with outpatient phobics. During the session, anxiety-producing fantasies are solicited, and the verbalizations immediately preceding peaks in emotional arousal are captured on a three-minute repeating "endless loo...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0005-7916(91)90030-9
更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Encouraging professionals in training and later to consider practice-related research findings when making important clinical decisions is an on-going concern. Evidenced-Based Medicine (EBM) and the Cochrane Collaboration (CC) provide a source of tools and ideas for doing so, as well as a roster of colleagues who shar...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0005-7916(98)00035-4
更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:High levels of psychological control (PC), the (intentional or unintentional) attempt by parents to control their child's emotional experience, have been associated with increased risk for anxiety in youth. However, little is known regarding the association between PC and anxiety in emerging a...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbtep.2020.101563
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Response inhibition is usually considered a hallmark of executive control. However, recent work indicates that stop performance can become associatively mediated ('automatic') over practice. This study investigated automatic response inhibition in sober and recently detoxified individuals with...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.01.003
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Emotional reasoning has been described as a dysfunctional tendency to use subjective responses to make erroneous inferences about threatening outcomes in objectively safe situations (e.g., "If I feel anxious/disgusted, there must be danger/risk of becoming ill"). Prior studies found evidence f...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbtep.2015.05.009
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examined the clinical effects of correspondence training procedures in the management of a hyperactive-conduct disordered boy. During the reinforcement of promise-do correspondence procedure, a toy (reinforcer) was given contingent upon the presence of a promise to inhibit target behaviors (e.g., inattentio...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0005-7916(90)90050-u
更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Psychomotor retardation (PMR) has been found consistently in depressed inpatients. This article is the first to report PMR in depressed women outpatients in contrast to matched nondepressed controls, despite heterogeneous differences in lifestyle, using 2-week content-valid behavioral measurement. Principal findings i...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0005-7916(94)90062-0
更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Researchers have conceived of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a disorder of memory, and proposed that blocking the impact of stress-related noradrenaline release in the aftermath of trauma may be a way of preventing the 'over-consolidation' of trauma-related memories. Experimental res...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbtep.2019.101480
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study tested whether borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by specific worldviews as hypothesized by cognitive models, using Janoff-Bulman's [(1989) Social Cognition, 7, 113-136] world assumptive model of negative effects of trauma. A second aim of this study was to investigate the role of...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbtep.2005.05.003
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The severe aggression and noncompliance of a profoundly retarded blind male were subjected to extensive behavioral assessment in order to identify controlling variables. The assessment, conducted across settings and therapists, suggested that these inappropriate behaviors functioned to avoid or terminate nonpreferred ...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0005-7916(86)90029-7
更新日期：1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:It has been shown that exposure to female thin ideals in media has minimal to moderate direct effects on body image satisfaction (BIS), mood and dysfunctional eating in healthy young women. Evidence has been found for several intervening variables such as social comparison processes. According...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.03.010
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The development of behavior therapy in Sri Lanka is presented. Its beginnings in the decade of the 70s in the two medical schools in Colombo and Peradeniya and its current status are reviewed, and future prospects are discussed. The need for developing and expanding behavior therapy practice in the country, and possib...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0005-7916(85)90043-6
更新日期：1985-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Previous studies show that individuals with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) accord more importance than healthy controls (HC) to alternative conclusions, resulting in increased doubt regarding an initial conclusion. The goal of the present study was to replicate and extend this finding. M...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbtep.2017.11.002
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The regulated-breathing method of Azrin and Nunn (1974) appears to be one of the most promising treatments of stuttering in adults. Their study, however, has some methodological limitations. In particular no operational definition of stuttering is provided, and all measures of stuttering are based on self-report. The ...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/0005-7916(88)90005-5
更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:It is well known that socially anxious individuals show biased processing towards threatening faces and better performance with low spatial frequencies information (LSF). It is unclear whether this bias is confined to facial processing or can be extended to other types of information. METHODS...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbtep.2019.03.002
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effectiveness of relaxation and biofeedback treatment for adults who suffer from headaches is well documented. By contrast, only several case study reports have been published describing these procedures applied to childhood headaches. This report describes the treatment of 15 children, aged 10-17 years, treated i...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0005-7916(85)90027-8
更新日期：1985-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In two covariation bias experiments, we investigated whether socially anxious women overestimate the contingency between social events and signs of rejection and/or to underestimate the contingency between social events and approval. Participants were exposed to descriptions of ambiguous or negative social events, sit...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbtep.2009.02.001
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cognitive-behavior therapy and exposure and response prevention are the most effective psychological treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, these approaches often produce variable results with the majority of treated individuals remaining symptomatic. This study evaluated a new form of cognitive ...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbtep.2006.12.001
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The study investigated the relative effectiveness of thought suppression and the working memory-based method of dynamic visual noise as techniques for reducing food cravings. Twenty dieting women on the weight-loss programme prescribed by weight watchers and 20 non-dieting controls formed images of their most craved f...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbtep.2007.03.001
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article presents a brief discussion of pulmonary function and panic attacks in the context of respiratory psychophysiology. Ley's (Behaviour Research and Therapy, 27, 549-554, 1989) earlier dyspnea/suffocation theory of panic is contrasted with Klein's (Archives of General Psychiatry, 50, 306-316, 1993) later fal...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0005-7916(97)00033-5
更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Perception of trustworthiness in other people is essential for successful social interaction. Facial expressions-as conveyers of feelings and intentions-are an important source of this information. We investigated how social anxiety is related to biases in the judgment of faces towards un/trus...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.04.003
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Parasympathetic activity, as indexed by respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), underlies key aspects of emotional and cognitive self-regulation. Examining time-varying RSA response during expressive writing about trauma may help inform theory about mechanisms of this intervention. The present stu...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbtep.2018.01.003
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We employed a multiple-baseline design to test the efficacy of a recently developed approach for reducing school refusal behavior. This approach uses a systematic method for conducting a functional analysis for the target behaviors and suggests specific intervention strategies based upon this analysis. To maximize ext...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0005-7916(96)00023-7
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper presents a theoretical model suggesting that doubt and certainty are two extremes of a continuum. Different people can be located in different locations on this continuum, according to how much they tend to seek refutation vs. confirmation. In both ends of the continuum lay mental disorders, which can be se...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbtep.2015.08.005
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
