Abstract:
:A carefully taken history and thorough physical examination are the first steps in establishing the cause of a neck mass. Location, size, consistency, and mobility of the mass provide clues and are useful for comparison during follow-up. Further studies are ordered on the basis of the impressions gathered from this evaluation. Congenital neck masses can be found in patients of any age. Thyroglossal duct and branchial cleft cysts and fistulas are formed by incomplete obliteration of the thyroglossal duct and branchial clefts during embryonic development. Other congenital causes include lymphangiomas, cystic hygromas, dermoid cysts, and hemangiomas. Laryngoceles are acquired cysts that arise from an anatomic remnant, the laryngeal ventricle. Treatment for these neck masses is nearly always surgical removal.
journal_name
Postgrad Medjournal_title
Postgraduate medicineauthors
Damion J,Hybels RLdoi
10.1080/00325481.1987.11699816subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1987-05-01 00:00:00pages
75-6, 81-8, 93issue
6eissn
0032-5481issn
1941-9260journal_volume
81pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Phencyclidine (PCP) is a dissociative anesthetic whose abuse is a growing problem. Historically, its effects have been considered remarkably like those of the schizophrenic state, but in vitro and in vivo neuropharmacologic data are somewhat inconsistent with the dopaminergic hypothesis of schizophrenia. The physiolog...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1980.11715603
更新日期:1980-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Severe myocardial ischemia and infarction cause release of catecholamines, with exposure of injured myocardial cells to relatively high concentrations during the transitional period in which myocyte injury worsens. In experimental animals, the number of beta-adrenergic receptors increases markedly without any change i...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1988-02-29 00:00:00
abstract::Viral diseases are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly patients, whether they live in the community or in long-term care facilities. Management of viral infections in older adults is complicated by factors that include the infrequency or absence of common signs and symptoms of infection and advers...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.2005.11.1687
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Readers are invited to submit questions relating to problem cases. Inquiries will be answered by qualified consultants and replies forwarded by mail promptly. Selected problems and solutions are published every month in this section. ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1973.11713331
更新日期:1973-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coma is a common, life-threatening medical problem encountered by primary care physicians. The principles of emergency management mandate that adequate oxygenation, blood flow, and supplementation with thiamine and glucose be given to the brain before a thorough diagnostic evaluation is undertaken. Knowledge of the us...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1990.11716346
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gastroesophageal reflux provokes asthma in many patients. Conversely, asthma predisposes to gastroesophageal reflux. In many patients, reflux therapy will ameliorate asthma. Recognition of this relationship is facilitated by physician awareness, clinical history, selected laboratory tests, and ultimately, a careful mo...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/00325481.1989.11704343
更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evaluation of a patient presenting with dizziness begins with and largely depends on the patient's history. The diagnosis often can be accurately determined in a primary care setting when a stepwise algorithmic approach is used. The first step is getting a detailed account of precisely what the patient means by "dizzi...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tests to measure the volume of gastric contents are necessary to determine the nature of a gastric emptying disorder. The conditions that can affect gastric emptying are as varied as peptic ulcer disease, achlorhydria, viral and bacterial infections of the stomach, diabetes, scleroderma, anorexia nervosa, and CNS lesi...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1987.11699726
更新日期:1987-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::The patient with diarrhea is generally looking for prompt relief, not a prolonged diagnostic workup. In many cases effective treatment can be initiated after careful review of the clinical symptoms and of the patient's recent travel or other activities. Stool examination, sigmoidoscopy, or other studies may be necessa...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1983.11697871
更新日期:1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Platelets play a key role in the initiation of hemostatic mechanisms during vascular injury. When contemplating prescription of antiplatelet agents (APAs) for patients as primary prevention for cardiovascular events, the physician should carefully weigh the potential benefits of cardiovascular risk reduction with the ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.2013.09.2694
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Motor fluctuations and dyskinesia often develop in patients with Parkinson's disease after 3 to 5 years of levodopa therapy. Dosage adjustments, addition of a second medication to the drug regimen, and dietary modifications may help maximize response to symptomatic therapy. Given the dramatic variability of symptoms a...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the US population aging steadily, herpes zoster represents a growing contributor to diminished quality of life. Dermatologic manifestations appear as immunity declines with age but rarely pose a significant threat, except in instances when ocular structures are involved. Pain is of more concern, because it usuall...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.2000.06.1114
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Remittent isolated palsy of peripheral or of upper cranial nerves in patients with diabetes mellitus is well documented, but paralysis of a lower cranial nerve or an isolated branch of any cranial nerve has not been previously reported. In the case described, temporary paralysis of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve c...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1988.11700420
更新日期:1988-09-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hypoglycemia and fear of hypoglycemia threaten individuals' ability to work and drive. We studied the effect of hypoglycemia on the individual and society, with a focus on possible implications of new European union legislation on patients' continued ability to drive. METHODS:A cross-sectional survey of Dan...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.2015.1045815
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Scleroderma, psoriasis, lichen planus, and other skin disorders may signal a more serious internal disease. Physicians who recognize such clues can initiate early treatment while disease is in its early stages. The authors of this article describe several of the more common dermatologic conditions linked to systemic d...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.1997.06.227
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gastroesophageal reflux is not synonymous with sliding hiatus hernia. It should be approached as a condition dependent on the intrinsic strength of the lower esophageal sphincter rather than on the presence of a hiatus hernia. The patient's account of symptoms is probably the most important means of diagnosis, but in ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1975.11713946
更新日期:1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Looking back at the long history of cancer, we can still relate to that POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE editorial written 50 years ago: "None of the basic problems of cancer has been solved. The death rate is constantly mounting. Small wonder that many doctors face cancer with a pessimism bordering on resignation." The temptati...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.3810/pgm.1997.09.307
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Deep neck infection has ominous implications if not detected and treated in an early stage. The anatomic relationships of head and neck spaces encourage spread of infection. Immediate hospitalization and constant monitoring of the patient after diagnosis are mandatory. ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1976.11714389
更新日期:1976-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Measurement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate is a useful test when properly applied to the appropriate clinical situation and can offer information other CSF parameters cannot provide. Except for Gram's stain of CSF, lactate level is the most important CSF parameter in the early differentiation of viral (aseptic) ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/00325481.1990.11716403
更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although low-dose oral corticosteroid therapy cannot be considered remittive, it has earned a place in the therapeutic armamentarium for rheumatoid arthritis. Major clinical trials of a group using corticosteroid compared with a control group have not been done since the 1950s. One of these three large trials showed s...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/00325481.1987.11700016
更新日期:1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute intermittent porphyria is an unusual syndrome that may be very difficult to differentiate from acute intraabdominal processes. Diagnosis requires the documentation of increased urinary porphobilinogen. Failure to perform appropriate tests early in the attack may necessitate diagnostic laparotomy to rule out intr...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/00325481.1989.11704454
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Management of pain syndromes clearly requires a multidimensional approach and involves social, psychologic, and somatic factors. At the Behavioral Medicine/Pain Therapy Center of Jewish Hospital, St Louis, most patients significantly increase social and physical activity using the combined approach outlined. A majorit...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1983.11697831
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sleep is increasingly being recognized as an important factor in the homeostasis of multiple body functions, including blood glucose metabolism. One of the most common sleep disorders, obstructive sleep apnea, is not only highly prevalent in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but may contribute to the development...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.2012.07.2573
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy has become a valuable asset to the urologist and greatly benefits urologic stone patients. Eight years of clinical use have proven its clinical efficacy, with more than 400,000 successfully performed treatments worldwide. In a short period of time, ESWL has completely changed the ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1988.11700265
更新日期:1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections are a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Treatment of these infections is complicated by the intrinsic and acquired resistance of this bacterium to many commonly used antimicrobial agents. In this article, Drs Hauser and Sriram argue that careful consi...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.2005.01.1571
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Community-acquired pneumonia is still a significant cause of morbidity and mortality and is often misdiagnosed and inappropriately treated. Although it can be caused by a wide variety of micro-organisms, the pneumococcus, atypicals, such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/00325481.2015.1074030
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are three key goals in current management of the diabetic pregnancy. Normal diabetes control before conception and during the first trimester in an attempt to reduce the incidence of congenital abnormalities. This implies that all diabetic women of childbearing age should have counseling before pregnancy. Routin...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1985.11698879
更新日期:1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients taking immunosuppressive drugs are susceptible to various forms of infection, including dermatologic disease. Recently, atypical manifestations of scabies have been reported in such patients. In the case reported here, a 26-year-old woman who had had a renal transplant and was taking immunosuppressive drugs h...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1985.11699070
更新日期:1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recurrent herpes simplex labialis (HSL), also known as orofacial herpes or cold sores, is a common clinical presentation of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. It may manifest as painful, distressing, and cosmetically displeasing vesicles on the lips, nose, and nasal septum. Although oral or topical treatment with a...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.2010.09.2216
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Asthma is treated by avoiding the precipitants of symptoms, by a trial of hyposensitization (immunotherapy) if the precipitant cannot be avoided, and principally by pharmacologic therapy. Acute attacks have been most widely treated with epinephrine, but adrenergic aerosol bronchodilators and aminophylline are being us...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1976.11714330
更新日期:1976-04-01 00:00:00