Abstract:
:We carried out a seroepidemiologic study to evaluate the transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) from students to staff in a day school for mentally retarded students. Of 505 students tested, 37 (7.3 per cent) had HBsAg; 74 per cent of HBsAg-positive sera tested were HBeAg-positive. Of 162 staff members tested, 21 (13.0 per cent) were HBV marker positive and two (1.2 per cent) had HBsAg; specialized educators and teachers showed the highest HBV marker prevalence (22.2 per cent and 21.3 per cent, respectively). The prevalence of HBV markers among staff was independently associated with classroom contact with a HBsAg-positive student, duration of employment at the school, and previous work with mentally retarded individuals. The incidence of HBV infection among teaching staff with regular classroom contact, estimated by logistic regression analysis, was 2.6 per cent per year. This observation indicates that teaching staff in schools for mentally retarded students with direct classroom contact may carry an occupational risk of HBV infection.
journal_name
Am J Public Healthjournal_title
American journal of public healthauthors
Remis RS,Rossignol MA,Kane MAdoi
10.2105/ajph.77.9.1183subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1987-09-01 00:00:00pages
1183-6issue
9eissn
0090-0036issn
1541-0048journal_volume
77pub_type
杂志文章abstract::This article examines the role of Black American nurses during the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic and the aftermath of World War I. The pandemic caused at least 50 million deaths worldwide and 675 000 in the United States. It occurred during a period of pervasive segregation and racial violence, in which Black Americans...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2019.305003
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This analysis described Latino migrant farmworkers' work safety climate and its association with musculoskeletal discomfort, working while injured or ill, and depressive symptoms. METHODS:Data were from a cross-sectional survey of 300 farmworkers conducted in North Carolina in 2009. Generalized estimating e...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300597
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study determined factors associated with drug resistance among 3496 patients with tuberculosis who resided in Texas counties along the Mexican border. METHODS:Univariate and logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors associated with drug resistance. RESULTS:Among patients wit...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.90.2.271
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Research evidence indicates that 2 forms of racial discrimination-perceived interpersonal discrimination and racial/ethnic residential segregation (a form of institutional discrimination)-may influence children's health and disparities. Although research on these 2 forms of discrimination and health has primarily focu...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300986
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a matched case-control study of an occupational cohort in East Tennessee, data from the death certificates of 608 cases and controls were abstracted and analyzed in order to investigate possible risk factors associated with the certification on the death certificate of an ill-defined cause of death. There was a ver...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.82.3.455
更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined refusal rates for sensitive demographic questions to determine whether questions on sexual orientation are too sensitive for routine use on public health surveys. We compared the percentage of active refusals in New Mexico for a sexual orientation question and 6 other sensitive demographic questions. In 20...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.186270
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mortality trends suggest that increases in Connecticut incidence for cutaneous melanoma (CM) equal or under estimate increases for the entire country. One-sixth of CM in Connecticut occurs under age 35. In the 1955 birth cohort, modeled incidence rates per 100,000 age-adjusted to the 1960 US population are 38.2 in mal...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.75.6.679
更新日期:1985-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We assessed attitudes and opinions of members of newborn blood screening (NBS) advisory committees regarding the storage and secondary research use of residual specimens from NBS. METHODS:We conducted focus groups in 2008 and 2009 with NBS advisory committees (4 focus groups; n = 39 participants) in the Mou...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2010.200485
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hookah use is gaining popularity nationwide. We determined the correlates and trends for hookah use from the California Tobacco Survey. Between 2005 and 2008 hookah use increased more than 40%, and in 2008, 24.5% of young men reported ever using a hookah. Hookah use was more common among the young (18-24 years), the e...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300196
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objectives. To examine exposure to psychological attempts to change a person's gender identity from transgender to cisgender (PACGI) among transgender people in the United States, lifetime and between the years 2010 and 2015, by US state.Methods. We obtained data from the 2015 US Transgender Survey, a cross-sectional ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2019.305237
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Potable drinking water is essential to public health; however, few studies have investigated income or racial disparities in water infrastructure or drinking water quality. There were many case reports documenting a lack of piped water or serious water quality problems in low income and minority communities, including...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300189
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined the associations of local public health system organization and local health department resources with county-level sexually transmitted disease (STD) incidence rates in large US health jurisdictions. METHODS:We linked annual county STD incidence data (2005-2008) to local health department direc...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300497
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increasing costs of institutional care for the aged have occasioned a variety of government cost containment measures. People with senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type (SDAT) will be the principal group to suffer from cutbacks. SDAT patients are usually eligible for Intermediate Care Facilities (ICFs), rather than ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.74.12.1381
更新日期:1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:There has been relatively little research on the contributions of school context to developmental outcomes. This study examined relationships between students' sense of the school as a community and their involvement in problem behaviors. METHODS:Participants were an ethnically and socioeconomically diverse...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.87.12.1997
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Little population-based information is available on the use of chiropractic services. METHODS:We analyzed data from the RAND Health Insurance Experiment (HIE), a community-based study of the use of health services. Insurance claim forms for all fee-for-service patients who completed the study were examined ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.81.4.439
更新日期:1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined prereform patterns in insurance coverage, access to care, and preventive services use by race/ethnicity in adults targeted by the coverage expansions of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA). METHODS:We used pre-ACA household data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey to ident...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302892
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::To ascertain HCV testing practices among US prisons and jails, we conducted a survey study in 2012, consisting of medical directors of all US state prisons and 40 of the largest US jails, that demonstrated a minority of US prisons and jails conduct routine HCV testing. Routine voluntary HCV testing in correctional fac...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302071
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined differences in quality of care among nursing homes in locales of varying degrees of rurality. METHODS:We classified locales into 4 classes according to rurality. We analyzed a 10% sample of nursing home admissions in the United States in 2000 (n=198613) to estimate survival models for 9 quality ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.94.10.1717
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::As of April 1987, states were permitted to raise the speed limit on rural interstates to 65 mph without incurring federal sanctions; 38 states elected to do so in 1987. Fatality data for the months when the new limit was in effect in 1987 were compared with fatalities in the same months of 1982-86 on rural interstates...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.79.10.1392
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study examined the associations between prepregnancy weight and the risk of pregnancy complications and adverse outcomes among nulliparous women. METHODS:We conducted a population-based cohort study with 96,801 Washington State birth certificates from 1992 to 1996. Women were categorized by body mass i...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.91.3.436
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In an attempt to meet the need for increasing public knowledge about cancer, a system providing free information by telephone has been developed. The system is comprised of 36 pre-recorded taped lectures containing information about various aspects of cancer. Interested individuals call a toll-free number, indicate a ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.66.4.367
更新日期:1976-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Salt intake of 978 subjects when compared to 1954 data demonstrated a trend toward the decreased use of table salt. When hypertensives in treatment were excluded, persons reporting low salt use had higher mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures than those reporting high salt use. These findings were the reverse of...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.75.4.405
更新日期:1985-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined interconnections among runaway and homeless youths (RHYs) and how aggregated network structure position was associated with HIV risk in this population. METHODS:We collected individual and social network data from 136 RHYs. On the basis of these data, we generated a sociomatrix, accomplished net...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300295
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined whether healthy lifestyles are associated with absence of depressed mood. METHODS:A sample of 1169 adult participants in the Maastricht Aging Study provided baseline and 6-year follow-up data on smoking, alcohol use, physical exercise, body mass index, and mood. We examined associations between ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.053199
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We addressed the positive and negative factors that influence the health and wellness of urban Aboriginal youths in Canada and ways of restoring, promoting, and maintaining the health and wellness of this population. Fifty-three in-service professionals, care providers, and stakeholders participated in this study in w...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302481
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Unanswered questions about racial and socioeconomic health disparities may be addressed using community-based participatory research and systems science. Community-based participatory research is an orientation to research that prioritizes developing capacity, improving trust, and translating knowledge to action. Syst...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302944
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We characterized smokers who are likely to use electronic or "e-"cigarettes to quit smoking. METHODS:We obtained cross-sectional data in 2010-2012 from 1567 adult daily smokers in Hawaii using a paper-and-pencil survey. Analyses were conducted using logistic regression. RESULTS:Of the participants, 13% rep...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301453
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We used Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory to identify factors that predicted never or sometimes using condoms in a multiethnic cohort of adolescent mothers. METHODS:We interviewed adolescent mothers within 48 hours of delivery and surveyed them 6 and 12 months after delivery (n = 636). We used mult...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.131870
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Compared with their heterosexual peers, sexual minority women (SMW; e.g., queer, bisexual, lesbian, pansexual) have an elevated risk for unintended pregnancy.A team of social science and clinical researchers qualitatively documented the multilevel pathways leading to this disparity, particularly the contexts of contra...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2019.305211
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study investigated whether low concentrations of ambient air pollutants are associated with hospital admissions for ischemic cardiac and cerebrovascular diseases. METHODS:Associations between daily concentrations of sulfur dioxide, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and particulates and daily hospi...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.86.9.1273
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00