Abstract:
:The flexible allocation of attention enables us to perceive and behave successfully despite irrelevant distractors. How do acoustic challenges influence this allocation of attention, and to what extent is this ability preserved in normally aging listeners? Younger and healthy older participants performed a masked auditory number comparison while EEG was recorded. To vary selective attention demands, we manipulated perceptual separability of spoken digits from a masking talker by varying acoustic detail (temporal fine structure). Listening conditions were adjusted individually to equalize stimulus audibility as well as the overall level of performance across participants. Accuracy increased, and response times decreased with more acoustic detail. The decrease in response times with more acoustic detail was stronger in the group of older participants. The onset of the distracting speech masker triggered a prominent contingent negative variation (CNV) in the EEG. Notably, CNV magnitude decreased parametrically with increasing acoustic detail in both age groups. Within identical levels of acoustic detail, larger CNV magnitude was associated with improved accuracy. Across age groups, neuropsychological markers further linked early CNV magnitude directly to individual attentional capacity. Results demonstrate for the first time that, in a demanding listening task, instantaneous acoustic conditions guide the allocation of attention. Second, such basic neural mechanisms of preparatory attention allocation seem preserved in healthy aging, despite impending sensory decline.
journal_name
J Cogn Neuroscijournal_title
Journal of cognitive neuroscienceauthors
Wöstmann M,Schröger E,Obleser Jdoi
10.1162/jocn_a_00761subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-05-01 00:00:00pages
988-1000issue
5eissn
0898-929Xissn
1530-8898journal_volume
27pub_type
杂志文章abstract::When engaged in dynamic visuospatial tasks, the brain copes with perceptual and cognitive processing challenges. During multiple-object tracking (MOT), the number of objects to be tracked (i.e., load) imposes attentional demands, but so does spatial interference from irrelevant objects (i.e., close encounters). Presen...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01469
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Current computational and neuroscientific models of decision-making posit a discrete, serial processing distinction between upstream decisional stages and downstream processes of motor-response implementation. We investigated this framework in the context of two-alternative forced-choice tasks on linguistic stimuli, w...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01606
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between overt and covert orienting of attention in visual neglect patients with parietal and fronto-parietal lesions. Two stimuli were presented at eccentricities of 8° or 20° to the left (LVF) or right (RVF) visual fields and the patient was required to main...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn.1997.9.1.67
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Theoretical considerations and diverse empirical data from clinical, psycholinguistic, and developmental studies suggest that language comprehension processes are decomposable into separate subsystems, including distinct systems for semantic and grammatical processing. Here we report that event-related potentials (ERP...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn.1991.3.2.151
更新日期:1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Right hemisphere lesions often lead to severe disorders in spatial awareness and behavior, such as left hemispatial neglect. Neglect involves not only pathological biases in attention and exploration but also deficits in internal representations of space and spatial working memory. Here we designed a new paradigm to t...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn.2007.19.8.1388
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The goal of the present study was to investigate the electrophysiological correlates of second-language (L2) morphosyntactic processing in highly proficient late learners of an L2 with long exposure to the L2 environment. ERPs were collected from 22 English-Spanish late learners while they read sentences in which morp...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21304
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although the amygdala's role in processing facial expressions of fear has been well established, its role in the processing of other emotions is unclear. In particular, evidence for the amygdala's involvement in processing expressions of happiness and sadness remains controversial. To clarify this issue, we constructe...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/089892904322926782
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adolescent decision-making is a topic of great public and scientific interest. However, much of the neuroimaging research in this area contrasts only one facet of decision-making (e.g., neural responses to anticipation or receipt of monetary rewards). Few studies have directly examined the processes that occur immedia...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00694
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This investigation combined behavioral and functional neuroimaging measures to explore whether perception of pain is modulated by the target's stigmatized status and whether the target bore responsibility for that stigma. During fMRI scanning, participants were exposed to a series of short video clips featuring age-ma...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21266
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The perceptual organization of pitch is frequently described as helical, with a monotonic dimension of pitch height and a circular dimension of pitch chroma, accounting for the repeating structure of the octave. Although the neural representation of pitch height is widely studied, the way in which pitch chroma represe...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01374
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::New theories of monitoring in language production, regardless of their mechanistic differences, all posit monitoring mechanisms that share general computational principles with action monitoring. This perspective, if accurate, would predict that many electrophysiological signatures of performance monitoring should be ...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01500
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although many examples exist for shared neural representations of self and other, it is unknown how such shared representations interact with the rest of the brain. Furthermore, do high-level inference-based shared mentalizing representations interact with lower level embodied/simulation-based shared representations? ...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21287
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A task that has been intensively studied at the neural level is f lutter discrimination. I argue that f lutter discrimination entails a combination of a temporal assignment problem and a quantity comparison problem, and propose a neural network model of how these problems are solved. The network combines unsupervised ...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn.2007.19.3.409
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::It was recently proposed that lexical prediction in sentence context encompasses two qualitatively distinct prediction mechanisms: "pre-activation," namely, activating representations stored in long-term memory, and "pre-updating," namely, updating the sentence's representation, built online in working memory (WM), to...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01322
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuroimaging data emphasize that older adults often show greater extent of brain activation than younger adults for similar objective levels of difficulty. A possible interpretation of this finding is that older adults need to recruit neuronal resources at lower loads than younger adults, leaving no resources for high...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21230
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The significance of stimuli is linked not only to their nature but also to the sequential structure in which they are embedded, which gives rise to contingency rules. Humans have an extraordinary ability to extract and exploit these rules, as exemplified by the role of grammar and syntax in language. To study the brai...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00229
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two coordinated experiments using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) investigated whether the brain represents language form (grammatical structure) separately from its meaning content (semantics). While in the scanner, 14 young, unimpaired adults listened to simple sentences that were either nonanomalous or...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/08989290051137648
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Changes in several postnatal maturational processes during neural development have been implicated as potential mechanisms underlying critical period phenomena. Lenneberg hypothesized that maturational processes similar to those that govern sensory and motor development may also constrain capabilities for normal langu...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn.1996.8.3.231
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::When a stimulus is associated with a reward, it becomes prioritized, and the allocation of attention to that stimulus increases. For low-level features, such as color, this reward-based allocation of attention can manifest early in time and as a faster and stronger shift of attention to targets with that color, as ref...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00917
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We recorded magnetoencephalography using a neural entrainment paradigm with compound face stimuli that allowed for entraining the processing of various parts of a face (eyes, mouth) as well as changes in facial identity. Our magnetic response image-guided magnetoencephalography analyses revealed that different subnode...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01428
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Auditory cortical processing of speech-like sounds was studied in 9 dyslexic and 11 normal-reading adults. Noise/square-wave sequences, mimicking transitions from a fricative consonant to a vowel, were presented binaurally once every 1.1 sec and the cortical responses were recorded with a whole-scalp neuromagnetometer...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/08989290260138654
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A common denominator for many cognitive disorders of human brain is the disruption of neural activity within pFC, whose structural basis is primarily interlaminar (columnar) microcircuits or "minicolumns." The importance of this brain region for executive decision-making has been well documented; however, because of t...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00307
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The P300 is a known ERP component assessing stimulus value, including the value of a monetary reward. In parallel, the incentive value of reinforcers relies on the PFC, a major cortical projection region of the mesocortical reward pathway. Here we show a significant positive correlation between P300 response to money ...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00166
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurophysiological studies in nonhuman primates have demonstrated that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a critical role in the acquisition of learned categories following training. What is presently unclear is whether this cortical area also plays a role in spontaneous recognition and discrimination of natural catego...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/0898929054985464
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We distinguish between strong and weak cognitive neuropsychology, with the former attempting to provide direct insights into the nature of information processing and the latter having the more modest goal of providing constraints on such theories. We argue that strong cognitive neuropsychology, although possible, is u...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn.1992.4.1.96
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An enduring question in the study of second-language acquisition concerns the relative contributions of age of acquisition (AOA) and ultimate linguistic proficiency to neural organization for second-language processing. Several ERP and neuroimaging studies of second-language learners have found that neural organizatio...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn.2010.21586
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Frontal oscillatory dynamics in the theta (4-8 Hz) and beta (20-30 Hz) frequency bands have been implicated in cognitive control processes. Here we investigated the changes in coordinated activity within and between frontal brain areas during feedback-based response learning. In a time estimation task, participants le...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00110
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Attention selects objects or groups as the most fundamental unit, and this may be achieved through a process in which attention automatically spreads throughout their entire region. Previously, we found that a lateralized potential relative to an attended hemifield at occipito-temporal electrode sites reflects attenti...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn.2008.21158
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Event-related brain potentials were recorded from subjects as they attempted to identify words displayed tachistoscopically. Words that had also been presented a few minutes earlier in a different context were identified more often than were words that had not been presented before. This priming effect was observed fo...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn.1992.4.4.375
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::People are able to adapt their behavior to changing environmental contingencies by rapidly inhibiting or modifying their actions. Response inhibition is often studied in the stop-signal paradigm that requires the suppression of an already prepared motor response. Less is known about situations calling for a change of ...
journal_title:Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1162/jocn.2010.21573
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00