Abstract:
:The rapid infusion of hyperosmolar solutions into the internal carotid artery transiently disrupts the integrity of the blood-brain barrier, permitting entry of substances normally excluded from the nervous system. This study examined the effect of such an infusion on the penetration of vancomycin and tobramycin into the cerebrospinal fluid and brains of normal rabbits. Groups of five to seven animals were assigned either to control groups, receiving vancomycin or tobramycin alone, or to experimental groups, receiving these antibiotics with 40-s intracarotid infusions of 8.0 ml of 25% mannitol. Serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and brain specimens were obtained for assay 135 min after dosage. Concentrations of these antibiotics in serum were comparable in control and experimental groups; concentrations of the antibiotics in cerebrospinal fluid were significantly higher in the experimental groups. Mean (+/- standard deviation) concentrations of the antibiotics in cerebrospinal fluid were, respectively, less than 0.5 and 4.1 +/- 4.6 micrograms of vancomycin per ml and 0.6 +/- 0.5 and 3.4 +/- 2.4 micrograms of tobramycin per ml in the control and experimental groups. The concentrations of these antibiotics in brains were also higher in the experimental groups. This trend achieved statistical significance in the tobramycin studies, where control animals uniformly had tobramycin concentrations in brains of less than 0.1 microgram/g and experimental group animals had a mean concentration of 0.4 microgram/g. Additional studies with tobramycin indicated that intracarotid antibiotic administration immediately after the mannitol infusion further augmented antibiotic concentrations in brains.
journal_name
Antimicrob Agents Chemotherjournal_title
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapyauthors
Perkins BA,Strausbaugh LJdoi
10.1128/aac.24.3.339subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1983-09-01 00:00:00pages
339-42issue
3eissn
0066-4804issn
1098-6596journal_volume
24pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The aim of this analysis was to identify therapeutic micafungin regimens for children that produce the same micafungin exposures known to be effective for the prevention and treatment of Candida infections in adults. Pediatric pharmacokinetic data from 229 patients between the ages of 4 months and <17 years were obtai...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1128/AAC.03736-14
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::DNA gyrase is a bacterial enzyme which catalyzes the ATP-dependent negative supercoiling of DNA. It is the accepted target of quinolones. The enzyme from Citrobacter freundii IID976 was purified by affinity chromatography on novobiocin-Sepharose and heparin-Sepharose. It had two subunits, designated A and B, which clo...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.32.1.104
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Posaconazole (POS) is a new antifungal agent for prevention and therapy of mycoses in immunocompromised patients. Variable POS pharmacokinetics after oral dosing may influence efficacy: a trough threshold of 0.5 μg/ml has been recently proposed. Measurement of POS plasma concentrations by complex chromatographic techn...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00022-10
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A mouse model of cystitis caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli was used to study the distribution of gallium in bladder tissue following oral administration of gallium maltolate during urinary tract infection. The median concentration of gallium in homogenized bladder tissue from infected mice was 1.93 μg/g after ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00616-13
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human pathogen Giardia lamblia is an anaerobic protozoan parasite that causes giardiasis, one of the most common diarrheal diseases worldwide. Although several drugs are available for the treatment of giardiasis, drug resistance has been reported and is likely to increase, and recurrent infections are common. The ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00618-10
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The distribution of subclasses mefA and mefE of the mefA gene among 116 M-phenotype streptococci was as follows: pneumococci (38 strains had mefE and 4 mefA), viridans streptococci (49 mefE and 1 mefA), and Streptococcus pyogenes (24 mefA). Spain(9V)-3-14 and England(14)-9 clones of serotype 14 were dominant among pne...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.49.2.827-829.2005
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Viridin B, a bacteriocin produced by Streptococcus mitis, copurified with the alpha-hemolysin after ammonium sulfate precipitation and gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. The bacteriocin and hemolysin were separated in some instances by ion-exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex A-50, but the two substanc...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.15.3.436
更新日期:1979-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::To evaluate the exposure-response relationships for efficacy and safety of voriconazole and anidulafungin in adult patients with invasive aspergillosis (IA), a population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) analysis was performed with data from a phase 3, prospective, double-blind, comparative study evaluating vor...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.02809-13
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Echinocandins are recommended as the first-line drugs for the treatment of systemic candidiasis. Cas5 is a key transcription factor involved in the response to cell wall damage induced by echinocandins. In this study, through a genetic screen, we identified a second transcription factor, Efg1, that is also crucial for...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01584-20
更新日期:2021-01-20 00:00:00
abstract::We have studied the pharmacokinetics of amphotericin B (AmB) in lung lymph circulation and bronchial-wash fluid after intravenous infusion and inhalation, respectively. For two experiments with awake sheep, we used lung lymph fistulas and tracheotomy. In experiment 1, AmB concentrations in plasma and lung lymph after ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.42.7.1597
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The DNA sequences of two IncHI2 plasmids, pEC-IMP and pEC-IMPQ, from metallo-beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacter cloacae clinical isolates were determined. The two conjugative plasmids are almost identical, but pEC-IMPQ carries an additional segment containing an orf513 (ISCR1), a truncated 3' conserved sequence, an...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00970-08
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The candidacidal activity of nitric oxide (NO) as delivered by a class of compounds termed diazeniumdiolates has been investigated. Diazeniumdiolates are stable agents capable of releasing NO in a biologically usable form at a predicted rate, and three such compounds were examined for activity. One compound, (Z)-1-[N-...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.42.9.2342
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pseudomonas aeruginosa is equipped with the Sec and Tat protein secretion systems, which translocate the xenobiotic transporter MexAB-OprM and the pathogenic factor phospholipase C (PlcH), respectively. When the signal sequence of MexA was replaced with that of PlcH, the hybrid protein was successfully expressed and r...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01495-09
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We determined the in vitro susceptibilities of 54 isolates of Haemophilus ducreyi from Thailand (29 isolates) and San Francisco (25 isolates) to penicillin G, tetracycline, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ceftriaxone, cefixime, erythromycin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Isola...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.37.7.1552
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Steady-state concentrations of telavancin, a novel, bactericidal lipoglycopeptide, were determined in the plasma, pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (ELF), and alveolar macrophages (AMs) of 20 healthy subjects. Telavancin at 10 mg of drug/kg of body weight/day was administered as a 1-h intravenous infusion on three suc...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00875-07
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A total of 100 Streptococcus pneumoniae strains with various penicillin G susceptibilities, isolated in Barcelona, Spain, from different pediatric sources during 1983 and the first 4 months of 1984, were tested for susceptibility to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, clindamycin, vancomycin, and rifampin. Th...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.28.2.357
更新日期:1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interactions between bacterial biofilms formed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and clarithromycin, a macrolide having no anti-P. aeruginosa activity, were investigated. P. aeruginosa incubated for 10 days on membrane filters formed biofilms on the surfaces of the filters. The biofilms were characterized by dense colonizatio...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.37.9.1749
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The activity of cefotaxime, either alone or combined with an aminoglycoside, was determined against 50 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, of which 50, 33, and 10 were resistant to gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin, respectively. Cefotaxime inhibited 34 isolates at a concentration of 16 microgram/ml and all isolate...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.17.3.474
更新日期:1980-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacillus subtilis strain 168 produces the extremely stable and broad-spectrum lantibiotic sublancin 168. Known sublancin 168-susceptible organisms include important pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus. Nevertheless, since its discovery, the mode of action of sublancin 168 has remained elusive. The present studies...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00439-09
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A clinical isolate of Enterobacter cloacae, strain NOR-1, exhibited resistance to imipenem and remained susceptible to extended-spectrum cephalosporins. Clavulanic acid partially restored the susceptibility of the strain to imipenem. Two beta-lactamases with isoelectric points (pI) of 6.9 and > 9.2 were detected in st...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.37.5.939
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Major facilitator superfamily (MFS) efflux pumps have been shown to be important for bacterial cells to cope with biocides such as chlorhexidine (CHX), a widely used molecule in hospital settings. In this work, we evaluated the role of two genes, smvA and smvR, in CHX resistance in Enterobacter cloacae complex (ECC). ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01845-19
更新日期:2019-12-20 00:00:00
abstract::The antimicrobial activities of trovafloxacin, moxifloxacin, sanfetrinem, quinupristin-dalfopristin, and 14 other antimicrobial agents against 218 Bacteroides fragilis group strains were determined. A group of 10 imipenem-resistant strains were also tested. Imipenem, meropenem, and sanfetrinem had the lowest MICs of a...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.43.9.2320
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Caspofungin (CAS) is approved for second-line management of proven or probable invasive aspergillosis at a dose of 50 mg once daily (QD). Preclinical and limited clinical data support the concept of the dose-dependent antifungal efficacy of CAS with preservation of its favorable safety profile. Little is known, howeve...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01912-12
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have studied the interference of roxithromycin with NADPH oxidase, the key enzymatic system for oxidant production by human neutrophils. Roxithromycin alters the reconstitution of an active enzyme and impairs the translocation to the outer membrane of the cytosolic components p47-phox and p67-phox. Interestingly, i...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.49.7.2986-2989.2005
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chlorhexidine (Hibiscrub; ICI) is generally accepted to be effective as an antiseptic hand wash for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), but there is dispute whether the chlorhexidine MIC for methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains is higher than that for MSSA strains and, indeed, whether it is...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.35.10.1997
更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D β-lactamase OXA-253 was identified in an Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolate belonging to sequence type 113 (ST113) in Brazil. OXA-253 shares 93.8% amino acid identity with OXA-143. The blaOXA-253 gene is located on a ca. 20-kb plasmid. The genetic environment of the blaOXA-253 ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.02640-13
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Bacteroides fragilis bacteriocin which inhibits ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymerase activity had a narrow activity spectrum in vivo and only inhibited the growth of certain B. fragilis strains. In vitro the bacteriocin was not specific and inhibited RNA polymerases from widely diverse bacterial genera. RNA polymeras...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.20.4.437
更新日期:1981-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The echinocandins are a class of semisynthetic natural products that target β-1,3-glucan synthase (GS). Their proven clinical efficacy combined with minimal safety issues has made the echinocandins an important asset in the management of fungal infection in a variety of patient populations. However, the echinocandins ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00432-11
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major problem in the treatment of infectious diseases and cancer. Accumulating evidence suggests that the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-specific inhibitor celecoxib would not only inhibit COX-2 but also help in the reversal of drug resistance in cancers by inhibiting the MDR1 efflux pump. He...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00735-10
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::As opposed to Enterococcus faecalis, which is intrinsically resistant to lincosamides, streptogramins A, and pleuromutilins (LSAP phenotype) by production of the ABC protein Lsa(A), Enterococcus faecium is naturally susceptible. Since this phenotype may be selected for in vivo by quinupristin-dalfopristin (Q-D), the a...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01030-13
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00