Abstract：
:The capacity for consciousness and self-awareness is uniquely synonymous with human life and personhood, and its absence is necessary and sufficient to identify that death has occurred. The presence of these functions is uniquely synonymous with human life. Ongoing organ function, response to infection, growth, wound healing, or the ability to sustain an unborn fetus do not alone constitute the unique experience of life and personhood. Death occurs after the loss of the ability to use oxygen by the brain, which occurs because of either raised intracranial pressure preventing any cerebral blood flow or, more commonly, the absence of systemic blood flow following abrupt or hypoxic circulatory cessation. The abrupt cessation of circulation leads to loss of consciousness and brain electrical activity; and when it becomes truly permanent and then irreversible, this becomes an operational definition of death. One must infer and decide that sufficient ischemic hypoxic injury has rendered the potential for reinstating any consciousness and brain stem function irreversibly lost. Progressive hypoxia that is seen in many patients after withdrawal of advanced physiologic support leads to apnea and then circulatory arrest. The outward sign of apnea that is then followed by circulatory arrest is the basis for inferring that irreversible loss of capacity for consciousness and self-awareness has occurred and that death can be identified has having occurred. The capacity for consciousness and self-awareness is the only irreplaceable emergent phenomenon—arising from physiologic function of the brain—that is necessary and sufficient to define the life of a person.
journal_name
J Crit Carejournal_title
Journal of critical careauthors
Baker A,Shemie SDdoi
10.1016/j.jcrc.2014.04.013subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-08-01 00:00:00pages
687-9issue
4eissn
0883-9441issn
1557-8615pii
S0883-9441(14)00151-8journal_volume
29pub_type
杂志文章abstract：PURPOSE:The purpose of this study is to assess lipid metabolism at the tissue level in critically ill subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS:We studied 182 patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome/severe sepsis or shock during the acute (day 1) and subacute phase of critical illness (day 6). All subjects had a t...
journal_title：Journal of critical care
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jcrc.2014.06.003
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness of steroids therapy on postextubation stridor (PES) depending on the clinical response, the ultrasound guided laryngeal air column width difference (LACWD) and the cuff leak volume (CLV). DESIGN:Prospective, observer-blinded study. SETTING:Carried out in intensive care unit in ...
journal_title：Journal of critical care
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jcrc.2016.07.007
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of critical care
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doi：10.1016/j.jcrc.2014.09.020
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The criteria for starting extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy in term newborn patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure consist of an oxygenation index (OI) of 25 or higher and alveolar-arterial oxygen (Aao(2)) gradient of more than 600 at sea level. In such conditions, inhaled nitric oxide (iN...
journal_title：Journal of critical care
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jcrc.2005.05.011
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sixty-nine patients undergoing liver transplantation were evaluated to elucidate the relationship between hypotension and physiological changes seen on reperfusion of the grafted liver. Measured variables included hemodynamic profiles, core temperature, serum potassium, ionized calcium levels, arterial blood-gas tensi...
journal_title：Journal of critical care
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0883-9441(93)90021-c
更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common source of morbidity after trauma. We sought to determine novel risk factors for AKI, by Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) criteria, in critically ill trauma patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS:A prospective cohort of 400 patients admitted to the intensive care unit of a level...
journal_title：Journal of critical care
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jcrc.2012.02.002
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Quantitative lung computed tomographic (CT) analysis yields objective data regarding lung aeration but is currently not used in clinical routine primarily because of the labor-intensive process of manual CT segmentation. Automatic lung segmentation could help to shorten processing times significantly. In this study, w...
journal_title：Journal of critical care
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jcrc.2016.11.001
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Metabolic acidosis is highly prevalent in critically ill patients with acute renal failure. Little is known about the mechanisms by which renal replacement therapy intervenes in such cases. The objective of this study is to analyze the role of hemodialysis in acidosis correction in intensive care unit patien...
journal_title：Journal of critical care
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jcrc.2006.03.011
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This study aims to evaluate the effect of intubation for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) on the cough reflex, an important airway protection mechanism. MATERIALS:Eighty-six participants (70 males) underwent cough reflex texting (CRT) before intubation for CABG to establish baseline threshold for reflexi...
journal_title：Journal of critical care
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jcrc.2015.03.013
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of critical care
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jcrc.2014.07.024
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To describe the frequency of cardiovascular complications and cardiac dysfunction in critically-ill patients with moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (msTBI) and cardiac factors associated with in-hospital survival. METHODS:Retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort study at a single Level-1 trauma cent...
journal_title：Journal of critical care
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jcrc.2019.08.017
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Changes in mean perfusion pressure (MPP) from premorbid resting values may contribute to the progression of septic acute kidney injury (AKI). OBJECTIVES:In patients with septic shock, we aimed to investigate the association of changes from premorbid values with AKI severity and progression. METHODS:We obta...
journal_title：Journal of critical care
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jcrc.2015.05.003
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Developing countries carry the greatest burden of sepsis, yet few descriptive data exist from the Western Hemisphere. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to elucidate the presentation, treatment, and outcomes of sepsis at an urban referral hospital in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. MATERIALS AND METHODS:We studi...
journal_title：Journal of critical care
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jcrc.2016.09.031
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To validate a brief index of patient and family experiences of respect in the intensive care unit. MATERIAL AND METHODS:A survey including the 10-item ICU-RESPECT scale was administered to patients and family members in one ICU at a large west coast academic medical center. Confirmatory psychometric analyses w...
journal_title：Journal of critical care
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jcrc.2018.03.026
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim was to explore how relatives and physicians understood cases where organ donation had been requested and what factors were salient for the decision on donation. Physicians of 25 deceased patients and 20 relatives were interviewed. The material was analyzed using qualitative methods. Eleven patients had declare...
journal_title：Journal of critical care
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jcrc.2007.03.002
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Continuous electroencephalography (cEEG) improves monitoring of the brain in unconscious patients, but implementation at ICU is difficult. The present investigation shows a way to introduce cEEG at an anesthesiological ICU and discusses the first experiences. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The study analyzed the feasib...
journal_title：Journal of critical care
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jcrc.2017.01.015
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The purpose was to investigate the value of procalcitonin (PCT) kinetics in predicting the appropriateness of empirical antimicrobial treatment in critically ill patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS:This prospective observational study recruited patients in whom empirical antimicrobial therapy was started for suspe...
journal_title：Journal of critical care
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jcrc.2016.04.007
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study, the physiological and metabolic effects of Carbicarb administered as an isotonic (150 mmol/L Na[n[]I+) or hypertonic (1 mol/L Na[n[]I+) solution over 2 minutes in the acidotic isolated heart were compared. Physiological monitoring as well as 31P and 23Na nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were perf...
journal_title：Journal of critical care
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0883-9441(93)90006-7
更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of critical care
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jcrc.2015.12.013
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of critical care
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jcrc.2018.09.033
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of critical care
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jcrc.2013.02.015
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of critical care
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jcrc.2010.11.009
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The Fas ligand (FasL)/Fas system is an apoptosis induction system that plays an important role in homeostasis and biophylaxis. We measured tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), soluble FasL (sFasL), and soluble Fas (sFas) in patients with acute hepatic failure to determine the relation between such failure a...
journal_title：Journal of critical care
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1053/jcrc.2001.25470
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:In the vascularly isolated canine hemidiaphragm, we tested the hypothesis that alpha-adrenoreceptor stimulation may influence diaphragmatic function and O2 extraction during reductions in O2 delivery (QO2di). METHODS:The diaphragm was perfused using a constant flow pump with blood diverted from the left femora...
journal_title：Journal of critical care
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0883-9441(96)90016-7
更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To compare the rate of therapeutic failure in critically ill patients treated by third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs) or piperacillin-tazobactam (PTZ) for wild-type AmpC-producing Enterobacterales pulmonary infections. METHODS:Over a 4-year period, all adult patients treated for a wild-type AmpC-producing En...
journal_title：Journal of critical care
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jcrc.2019.11.005
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The objective of this study is to explore the attitudes, knowledge, and behavior of house staff physicians regarding the use of ultrasound guidance (UG) during central venous catheter placement (CP). MATERIALS AND METHODS:A questionnaire-based study was used to survey house staff in multiple training programs ...
journal_title：Journal of critical care
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jcrc.2005.06.005
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To assess temporal trends in pre-existing opioid exposure prior to hospitalization among elderly intensive care unit (ICU) patients and its association with adverse outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS:We performed a population-based retrospective cohort study using health administrative data from the province of O...
journal_title：Journal of critical care
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jcrc.2019.10.004
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Optimal red blood cell (RBC) transfusion thresholds in acute brain injury (ABI) are poorly defined. MATERIALS AND METHODS:We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult patients with ABI and moderate anemia (Hb 7-10 g/dL) in a neurological intensive care unit (ICU) at an academic medical center between 200...
journal_title：Journal of critical care
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jcrc.2018.11.006
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:There is a paucity of literature to support undertaking emergency laparotomy when indicated in patients supported on ECMO. Our study aims to identify the prevalence, outcomes and complications of this high risk surgery at a large ECMO centre. MATERIALS AND METHODS:A single centre, retrospective, observational ...
journal_title：Journal of critical care
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jcrc.2019.06.021
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Diaries summarizing intensive care are routine practice in some countries, although evidence to support diary use is limited. The purpose of this study was to identify whether distress post-intensive care influences patients' and relatives' choice as to whether they would like to receive a diary and what inform...
journal_title：Journal of critical care
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jcrc.2016.12.003
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
