Abstract:
:In a previous study, we demonstrated that parathion suppressed both the primary IgM and IgG response to sheep erythrocytes (SRC) in inbred and outbred mice (G. P. Casale, S. D. Cohen, and R. A. DiCapua, 1982, toxicologist 2, 94). Suppression occurred after a dosage which produced cholinergic effects but was absent after a lower dosage which did not produce cholinergic signs. This information suggested that immunosuppression might be mediated indirectly as a result of toxic chemical stress. The present study evaluated the relationship between the anticholinesterase action of parathion, malathion, and dichlorvos (DDVP) and their effects on the primary humoral response to SRC. Male C57Bl/6 mice were given a single dose of parathion (16 mg/kg, po), malathion (720 mg/kg, po), or DDVP (120 mg/kg, po) 2 days after immunization with SRC. Two days later, tissues were removed for cholinesterase (CHE) assay and enumeration of splenic antibody-forming cells (PFC). All three compounds produced moderate to severe cholinergic poisoning. DDVP produced cholinergic signs beginning 1/2 hr after dosing and lasting 1/2 to 1 hr. This profile was associated with a rapid but transient inhibition of brain CHE activity. In contrast, malathion and parathion produced prolonged cholinergic poisoning (4 to 7 hr) and prolonged suppression of brain CHE activity. All three compounds suppressed the primary IgM response. However, when they were given as multiple lower doses, none of the compounds suppressed the primary IgG response. These latter treatments produced no cholinergic signs. The cholinomimetic agent, arecoline (65 mg/kg, ip) produced a short-lived cholinergic crisis but no IgM suppression. Sustained-release arecoline produced prolonged cholinergic poisoning (3 to 5 hr) and reduced the number of IgM PFC to 50% of control. These results demonstrated that organophosphate-induced immunosuppression was associated with severe cholinergic stimulation. The immunosuppression may result from direct action of acetylcholine upon the immune system or it may be secondary to the toxic chemical stress associated with cholinergic poisoning.
journal_name
Toxicol Appl Pharmacoljournal_title
Toxicology and applied pharmacologyauthors
Casale GP,Cohen SD,DiCapua RAdoi
10.1016/0041-008x(83)90004-2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1983-04-01 00:00:00pages
198-205issue
2eissn
0041-008Xissn
1096-0333pii
0041-008X(83)90004-2journal_volume
68pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Drinking water contaminated with arsenic, a human carcinogen, is a worldwide health issue. An understanding of cellular signaling events in response to arsenic exposure and rational designing of strategies to reduce arsenic damages by modulating signaling events are important to fight against arsenic-induced diseases....
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2008.03.003
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin that is found in various food and feed products. The molecular mechanisms that are associated with OTA hepatotoxicity and teratogenicity have not been extensively elucidated in a developing organism. In this study, the transcriptomic profile of zebrafish embryos indicates that hemosta...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2017.12.012
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical and experimental studies suggest an association between low-level lead exposure and hypertension. This association was investigated in six 3-month-old dogs who were randomly paired with their littermates. The daily oral dose of lead acetate was 1.0 mg Pb/kg body wt for 5 months; the controls received equimola...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(88)90041-5
更新日期:1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hepa 1c1c7 (WT), TAOc1BPrc1 (CI), and BPrc1 (CII) mouse hepatoma cells were exposed to benzo[e]pyrene (B[e]P) or benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). B[e]P induced activity of a rat CYP1A1 reporter gene construct (-3015 to +2545 bp) by 1.8- to 2-fold and 5-fold in WT and CI cells, respectively. B[e]P caused a 2-fold induction of a...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.1994.1175
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Four chemicals that are known to induce in rats thyroid follicular-cell adenomas and carcinomas were assayed for their ability to induce DNA damage and DNA repair synthesis in primary cultures of human thyroid cells. Significant dose-dependent increases in the frequency of DNA single-strand breaks and alkali-labile si...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2004.07.009
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was undertaken to determine the ability of a series of 19 compounds representing different chemical classes of carcinogens to induce lung tumors in strain A/J mice after either ip or po administration. Aflatoxin B1, dibutylnitrosamine, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, and methylnitrosourea induced a significant incre...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(86)90433-3
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The influence of the organophosphate, soman (pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate), on neuritic growth and substrate utilization by mammalian autonomic neural tissue was studied using explants of the rat superior cervical ganglion as a model. Soman produced a dose-dependent decrease in neuritic outgrowth from explants ...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(84)90206-0
更新日期:1984-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of erythropoiesis on cadmium-metallothionein (Cd-MT)2 levels in spleen, a major erythropoietic tissue, was examined following sc injection of 109CdCl2 into mice. As the concentration of Cd in plasma decreased following injection of 109CdCl2 into control mice, the levels in spleen and liver increased rapidl...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.1995.1189
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A series of psychopharmacological agents were administered to adult male Fischer-344 rats pretreated with a tremorigenic dose of chlordecone in an attempt to elucidate the involvement of spinal and supraspinal processes in the mediation and/or expression of chlordecone-induced tremor. Agents effective in attenuating t...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(83)90156-4
更新日期:1983-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::p-Aminophenol causes necrosis of the pars recta of the proximal tubules in rats, and its nephrotoxicity may be due to glutathione-dependent bioactivation reactions. We have investigated the hepatic metabolism of p-aminophenol in Wistar rats and the cytotoxicity of formed glutathione S-conjugates in rat renal epithelia...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(92)90372-y
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tattooing is a popular cosmetic practice involving more than 45 million US citizens. Since the toxicology of tattoo inks and pigments used to formulate tattoo inks has not been reported, we studied the immunological impact of tattooing and determined recovery time from this trauma. SKH-1 hairless mice were tattooed us...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2005.04.003
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Arsenic-contaminated well water has been shown to increase the risk of atherosclerosis. Because of involving S-adenosylmethionine, homocysteine may modify the risk by interfering with the biomethylation of ingested arsenic. In this study, we assessed the effect of plasma homocysteine level and urinary monomethylarsoni...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2006.05.005
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Targeting excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) could be an effective therapeutic strategy to prevent oxidative stress-associated gastrointestinal inflammation. NADPH oxidase (NOX) and mitochondrial complexes (I and II) are the major sources of ROS production contributing to TNF-α/cycloheximide (CHX)-i...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2015.07.007
更新日期:2015-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Growing concern suggests that some chemicals exert (developmental) neurotoxicity (DNT and NT) and are linked to the increase in incidence of autism, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders. The high cost of routine tests for DNT and NT assessment make it difficult to test the high numbers of existing chemicals. ...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2018.02.003
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::An accumulation of hydrophobic bile acids is implicated in the pathogenesis of cholestatic liver diseases. In the present study, we determined if hydrophobic bile acid-induced cellular injury compromised hepatocyte glutathione (GSH) status, and if modulating intracellular GSH levels prevented or facilitated bile acid-...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.2000.8894
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Simple alkylating agents induce cell death by activating the apoptotic pathway. In rodent fibroblasts, apoptosis triggered by DNA methylation lesions is executed via the mitochondrial damage pathway. Here, we studied cell death induced by the methylating agents methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nit...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2005.02.034
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Petroleum-derived compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), commonly occur as complex mixtures in the environment. Recent studies using the zebrafish experimental model have shown that PAHs are toxic to the embryonic cardiovascular system, and that the severity and nature of this developmental card...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2011.09.010
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The synergistic percutaneous enhancement between insect repellent DEET and sunscreen oxybenzone has been proven in our laboratory using a series of in vitro diffusion studies. In this study, we carried out an in vivo study to characterize skin permeation profiles from topical skin application of three commercially ava...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2007.05.016
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The high affinity metal-binding protein metallothionein (MT) is thought to detoxify cadmium (Cd) but appears to be deficient in several known targets of Cd carcinogenesis. The rat ventral prostate (VP) was recently identified as one of these target tissues. The nature of the Cd-binding proteins in the prostate has not...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(89)90214-7
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of air pollution on human health are a great concern, particularly in big cities with severe traffic problems such as Bangkok, Thailand. In this study, exposure to genotoxic compounds in ambient air was studied by analysis of particle-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and benzene through d...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2004.11.025
更新日期:2005-08-07 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to excessive manganese (Mn) levels leads to neurotoxicity, referred to as manganism, which resembles Parkinson's disease (PD). Manganism is caused by neuronal injury in both cortical and subcortical regions, particularly in the basal ganglia. The basis for the selective neurotoxicity of Mn is not yet fully un...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2011.06.001
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Environmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is associated with an increased risk of incidence of metabolic disease, however the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are not fully understood. Our study provides new insights into molecular interactions between PCBs and retinoids (vitamin A and ...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2019.114731
更新日期:2019-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Ethambutol, an efficacious antituberculosis agent, can cause irreversible visual loss in a small but significant fraction of patients. However, the mechanism of ocular toxicity remains to be established. We previously reported that ethambutol caused severe vacuole formation in cultured retinal cells, and that the addi...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2008.11.006
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of low doses of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on the reproductive system of male offspring rats were examined. The dams were treated subcutaneously 2 weeks prior to mating and throughout mating, pregnancy, and lactation. They received an initial loading dose of 25, 60, or 300 ng TCDD/kg body w...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.1998.8433
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) are known to directly inhibit mitochondrial complex I activity as well as various mitochondrial kinases. Recent observations that complex I activity and superoxide production are modulated through cAMP-dependent phosphorylation suggests a mechanism through whi...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2007.08.015
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The protective effect of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a biliary component found in bears, on 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-induced testicular damage in mice was investigated. Fifty C57BL/6J mice were equally divided into five groups. The mice in the control group received the vehicle and standard chow. Th...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2003.09.024
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many environmental chemicals and drugs negatively affect human health through deleterious effects on mitochondrial function. Currently there is no chemical library of mitochondrial toxicants, and no reliable methods for predicting mitochondrial toxicity. We hypothesized that discrete toxicophores defined by distinct c...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2013.06.014
更新日期:2013-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Metallothioneins (MTs) are ubiquitous low-molecular-weight proteins that are induced by a variety of inducers, including metals, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), cytokines, oxidative stress, etc., and are thought to play a protective role against various toxic insults. The constitutive level of metallothionein is an importa...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.1995.1056
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of the chemical species and concentration of selenium (Se) in diets on the concentrations of Se in hair, blood serum, red blood cells (RBCs), and urine were studied to gain an insight into the toxicological and nutritional significance of different chemical forms of Se. Male Wistar rats were fed an Se-defi...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.1998.8537
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Defects in tryptophan metabolism on the l-kynurenine pathway (KP) are implicated in a number of human diseases, including chronic kidney disease, brain edema or injury, tuberculosis and malaria - as well as cancer, neurodegenerative and autoimmune disorders. However, it is unclear to what extent detrimental effects of...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2018.01.004
更新日期:2018-02-15 00:00:00