Abstract:
:Mongrel dogs with ascites created by inferior vena cava ligation were given cephalothin, cephaloridine, cefazolin, and cefamandole to evaluate the effect of protein binding and serum pharmacokinetics on the distribution of cephalosporins into ascitic fluid. Antibiotics were given intramuscularly (15 mg/kg) every 4 h for a total of eight doses. Antibiotic binding to dog serum and ascitic fluid was measured by ultracentrifugation. Binding of the cephalosporins to dog serum ranged from 31% for cephaloridine to 46% for cephalothin, considerably lower than human serum binding for cefazolin, cephalothin, and cefamandole. Antibiotic binding to ascitic fluid was only slightly lower than that to serum. Ascitic fluid antibiotic concentrations, which approached equilibrium at 16 to 28 h, were significantly higher for cefazolin and cephaloridine than for cephalothin and cefamandole. However, serum concentrations were also higher for cefazolin and cephaloridine, and percent penetration (ratio of serum peak to ascites peak x 100) was not statistically different among the four drugs. Binding of these cephalosporins to extravascular fluid protein was an important factor that determined the total ascitic fluid antibiotic level achieved. A formula utilizing the log mean serum level and binding to serum and extravascular fluid protein was used to accurately predict ascitic fluid drug levels at equilibrium.
journal_name
Antimicrob Agents Chemotherjournal_title
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapyauthors
Gerding DN,Peterson LR,Legler DC,Hall WH,Schierl EAdoi
10.1128/aac.14.2.234subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1978-08-01 00:00:00pages
234-9issue
2eissn
0066-4804issn
1098-6596journal_volume
14pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of antimicrobial drug use, gastric acid-suppressive agent use, and infection control practices on the incidence of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) in a 426-bed general teaching hospital in Northern Ireland. The study was retrospective and ecologi...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01214-08
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The in vitro activities of two new beta-lactam antibiotics, moxalactam disodium (LY 127935) and cefotaxime (HR-756), were compared with cefoxitin, cefamandole, cefuroxime, cephalothin, and, in some instances, carbenicillin, gentamicin, and amikacin against aerobic gram-negative bacilli. Test isolates included normally...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.17.6.937
更新日期:1980-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rifampin monotherapy was compared to the combination of linezolid or vancomycin with rifampin in an experimental rat model of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) chronic foreign body osteomyelitis. MRSA was inoculated into the proximal tibia, and a titanium wire was implanted. Four weeks after infection...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00740-10
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The susceptibilities of Streptococcus pneumoniae (1,476 strains) and untypeable Haemophilus influenzae (1,676 strains) to various oral beta-lactam, macrolide-azalide, and fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agents were determined by broth microdilution. Organisms were isolated from specimens obtained from outpatients in six...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1128/AAC.43.8.1901
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A hemoglobin-supplemented medium composed of Columbia agar base supplemented with 1% hemoglobin and 1% Polyvitex was used to investigate the in vitro activity of 29 antimicrobial agents against Capnocytophaga species. Clindamycin was the most active agent, with all strains being inhibited by 0.06 microgram/ml or less....
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.30.5.739
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The antibiotic bleomycin stimulates deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis in toluene-treated Escherichia coli cells. The increase in synthesis is linear with bleomycin concentration. Bleomycin-stimulated DNA synthesis is independent of replication and dependent on DNA polymerase I. Replication is spared as the DNA pol...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.9.2.239
更新日期:1976-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Due to the rise of antibiotic resistance and the small number of effective antiviral drugs, new approaches for treating infectious diseases are urgently needed. Identifying targets for host-based therapies represents an emerging strategy for drug discovery. The ubiquitin-proteasome system is a central mode of signalin...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.03021-15
更新日期:2016-06-20 00:00:00
abstract::To determine whether low concentrations of aminoglycosides in combination with penicillin could effectively kill enterococci in vitro, we tested penicillin (20 micrograms/ml) in combination with decreasing concentrations of either streptomycin (20, 10, 5, and 1 micrograms/ml) or gentamicin (5, 3, 1, and 0.5 micrograms...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.18.6.944
更新日期:1980-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Doripenem, a parenteral carbapenem, exhibited high affinity for penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP2) and PBP3 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and PBP2 in Escherichia coli, the primary PBPs whose inhibition leads to cell death. This PBP affinity profile correlates with the broad-spectrum gram-negative activity observed with d...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01529-07
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae to fluoroquinolones is caused predominantly by amino acid substitutions at positions Ser79 of ParC and Ser81 of GyrA to either Phe or Tyr encoded in the quinolone resistance-determining regions of the parC topoisomerase IV and gyrA DNA gyrase genes. Analysis of highly resistant c...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.49.6.2479-2486.2005
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The entry of an antibiotic into phagocytes is a prerequisite for its intracellular bioactivity against susceptible facultative or obligatory intracellular microorganisms. Brodimoprim is a dimethoxybenzylpyrimidine that has recently entered into clinical use, and its uptake into and elimination from human polymorphonuc...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.40.10.2392
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A total of 91 multiply resistant bacterial strains, including Klebsiella pneumoniae (32 strains), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16 strains), and Serratia marcescens (43 strains), were collected during hospital epidemics of nosocomial infection from 1975 to 1979. These strains were resistant to gentamicin, tobramycin, cephal...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.17.2.273
更新日期:1980-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The activity of azlocillin and mezlocillin, new semisynthetic ureido penicillins, was investigated and compared with that of other known beta-lactam antibiotics. At a concentration of 25 mug/ml, azlocillin inhibited 74% of Enterobacter, 97% of Proteus mirabilis, 64% of Citrobacter, 91% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 8...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.13.6.930
更新日期:1978-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new natural TEM-2 derivative, named TEM-72, was identified in a Proteus mirabilis strain and in a Morganella morganii strain isolated in Italy in 1999. Compared to TEM-1, TEM-72 contains the following amino acid substitutions: Q39K, M182T, G238S, and E240K. Kinetic analysis showed that TEM-72 exhibits an extended-sp...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.44.9.2537-2539.2000
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Levofloxacin is an antituberculosis drug with substantial interindividual pharmacokinetic variability; therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) could therefore be helpful to improve treatment results. TDM would be more feasible with limited sampling strategies (LSSs), a method to estimate the area under the concentration cur...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01092-18
更新日期:2018-11-26 00:00:00
abstract::Bradyzoite-to-tachyzoite conversion plays a role in the pathogenesis of recrudescence of ocular toxoplasmosis and disease in immunocompromised persons. The currently available medicines are ineffective on cysts and fail to prevent reactivation of latent toxoplasmosis. A previous study showed that the histone deacetyla...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00462-10
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Compounds in a series of cholic acid derivatives, designed to mimic the activities of polymyxin B and its derivatives, act as both potent antibiotics and effective permeabilizers of the outer membranes of gram-negative bacteria. Some of these compounds rival polymyxin B in antibacterial activity against gram-negative ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.43.6.1347
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::T-8581 is a new water-soluble triazole antifungal agent. The geometric mean IC80s (GM-IC80S; where the IC80 is the lowest drug concentration which reduced the optical density at 630 nm by 80% compared with the optical density at 630 nm of the drug-free control) for Candida albicans were as follows: T-8581, 0.218 micro...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.41.1.30
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Against 443 aerobic and anaerobic bacteria isolated from diabetic foot infections, ceftobiprole MICs (microg/ml) at which 90% of the isolates tested were inhibited were as follows: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 1; methicillin-susceptible S. aureus and Staphylococcus lugdunensis, 0.5; Anaerococcus prevot...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00722-06
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::By cloning studies and complementation experiments, the sulfonamide resistance gene of a serogroup B and serotype 15 (B:15) strain of Neisseria meningitidis was localized to a 1.2-kb chromosomal SspI fragment expressing a drug-resistant dihydropteroate synthase. The fragment hybridized to DNA from both resistant and s...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.34.11.2277
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pokeweed antiviral protein at a concentration of 3 microM inhibited both the synthesis and release of infectious herpes simplex virus type 1 in cell culture by 90 and 99%, respectively. Addition of pokeweed antiviral protein to Vero cell monolayers before virus infection was 10 to 15% more effective in reducing virus ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.23.3.390
更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The majority of clinical isolates of Moraxella catarrhalis produce beta-lactamase. The role of this enzyme in the phenomenon of indirect pathogenicity, in which a true pathogen such as Streptococcus pneumoniae is protected from the action of certain beta-lactam antibiotics, is well recognized. By using a simple contin...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.42.10.2521
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A model of orogastric candidosis in SCID mice, which mimics disease seen in AIDS patients, was used to evaluate ravuconazole in comparison with fluconazole for treatment. Mice were infected orally with Candida albicans and received either no treatment or oral treatment once daily for 12 days with 1, 5, or 25 mg of rav...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.45.12.3433-3436.2001
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toxoplasma gondii is a cosmopolitan protozoan parasite which affects approximately 30% of the population worldwide. The drugs currently used against toxoplasmosis are few in number and show several limitations, such as drug intolerance, poor bioavailability, or drug resistance mechanism developed by the parasite. Thus...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01640-17
更新日期:2018-01-25 00:00:00
abstract::Sordarin and its derivatives are antifungal compounds of potential clinical interest. Despite the highly conserved nature of the fungal and mammalian protein synthesis machineries, sordarin is a selective inhibitor of protein synthesis in fungal organisms. In cells sensitive to sordarin, its mode of action is through ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01603-07
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Groups of mice infected intravenously with Candida albicans were treated intraperitoneally with amphotericin B, caspofungin, or fluconazole, starting at intervals before and after challenge. Survival was longest and tissue burdens were most reduced with early treatment, and survival times fell proportionately as treat...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.48.12.4911-4914.2004
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor was extracted and purified from the red alga Schizymenia pacifica. The chromatographic behavior and chemical properties of this sea algal extract (SAE) suggest that it is a sulfated polysaccharide having a molecular weight of approximately 2,000,000. SAE is composed of galact...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.31.10.1524
更新日期:1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Loss of viability of toxin-treated cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae SCF 1717 could be prevented in the period before they altered physiologically if cells were incubated in media with a suitable concentration of potassium (0.08 to 0.13 M) and hydrogen ions (pH 6.2 to 6.7). Incorporation of higher amounts of potassium...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.18.4.519
更新日期:1980-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants, young children, elderly persons, and severely immunocompromised patients. Effective postinfection treatments are not widely available, and currently there is no approved vaccine. TMC353121 is a potent RSV fusion ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00643-10
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pseudomonas aeruginosa exploits intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms to resist almost every antibiotic used in chemotherapy. Antimicrobial resistance in P. aeruginosa isolates recovered from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is further enhanced by the occurrence of hypermutator strains, a hallmark of chronic infec...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.02142-19
更新日期:2020-04-21 00:00:00