Abstract:
:The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of antimicrobial drug use, gastric acid-suppressive agent use, and infection control practices on the incidence of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) in a 426-bed general teaching hospital in Northern Ireland. The study was retrospective and ecological in design. A multivariate autoregressive integrated moving average (time-series analysis) model was built to relate CDAD incidence with antibiotic use, gastric acid-suppressive agent use, and infection control practices within the hospital over a 5-year period (February 2002 to March 2007). The findings of this study showed that temporal variation in CDAD incidence followed temporal variations in expanded-spectrum cephalosporin use (average delay = 2 months; variation of CDAD incidence = 0.01/100 bed-days), broad-spectrum cephalosporin use (average delay = 2 months; variation of CDAD incidence = 0.02/100 bed-days), fluoroquinolone use (average delay = 3 months; variation of CDAD incidence = 0.004/100 bed-days), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid use (average delay = 1 month; variation of CDAD incidence = 0.002/100 bed-days), and macrolide use (average delay = 5 months; variation of CDAD incidence = 0.002/100 bed-days). Temporal relationships were also observed between CDAD incidence and use of histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs; average delay = 1 month; variation of CDAD incidence = 0.001/100 bed-days). The model explained 78% of the variance in the monthly incidence of CDAD. The findings of this study highlight a temporal relationship between certain classes of antibiotics, H2RAs, and CDAD incidence. The results of this research can help hospitals to set priorities for restricting the use of specific antibiotic classes, based on the size-effect of each class and the delay necessary to observe an effect.
journal_name
Antimicrob Agents Chemotherjournal_title
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapyauthors
Aldeyab MA,Harbarth S,Vernaz N,Kearney MP,Scott MG,Funston C,Savage K,Kelly D,Aldiab MA,McElnay JCdoi
10.1128/AAC.01214-08subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-05-01 00:00:00pages
2082-8issue
5eissn
0066-4804issn
1098-6596pii
AAC.01214-08journal_volume
53pub_type
杂志文章abstract::A novel trait for transferable resistance to high concentrations of trimethoprim was found to dominate among enterobacteria collected from different parts of Sri Lanka. Drug resistance was a result of the production of dihydrofolate reductase with a decreased sensitivity to antifolates. By characterization of the part...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.31.1.60
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) causes serious opportunistic infections in AIDS patients. Previous studies with MAC-infected beige mice have indicated that weekly administration of liposome-encapsulated streptomycin can reduce significantly the CFU in the liver and spleen. We examined whether streptomycin encapsulat...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.39.3.725
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The type II fatty acid synthesis (FASII) pathway is essential for bacterial lipid biosynthesis and continues to be a promising target for novel antibacterial compounds. Recently, it has been demonstrated that Chlamydia is capable of FASII and this pathway is indispensable for Chlamydia growth. Previously, a high-conte...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00716-17
更新日期:2017-09-22 00:00:00
abstract::The VanR-VanS two-component system is responsible for inducing resistance to glycopeptide antibiotics in various bacteria. We have performed a comparative study of the VanR-VanS systems from two streptomyces strains, Streptomyces coelicolor and Streptomyces toyocaensis, to characterize how the two proteins cooperate t...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01367-15
更新日期:2015-12-28 00:00:00
abstract::A new 3-N-aminoglycoside acetyltransferase is described, which possesses a wider substrate range than any such enzyme so far discovered in clinical isolates of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.9.6.951
更新日期:1976-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pairs of 11 antimicrobial agents were tested in vitro for their ability to act synergistically against three strains of Mycobacterium avium complex isolated from patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. From the combinations tested, four drugs (ethambutol, rifampin, ciprofloxacin, and erythromycin) were sele...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.32.9.1392
更新日期:1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::On the basis of the antiviral action of sulfated polyanions in human immunodeficiency virus and other viral infections, we studied the effect of dextran sulfate and heparin on duck hepatitis B virus infection. These agents do not affect viral uptake and replication in liver cells in vitro or in vivo. Sulfated polyanio...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.35.11.2431
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Broth dilution minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) readings were compared after different incubation periods and with different inoculum concentrations. The purpose was to determine the best conditions for obtaining early results as close as possible to overnight readings. Initially, 76 antibiotic-organism combinat...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.8.4.429
更新日期:1975-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The microdilution MICs of HMR 3647, erythromycin A, azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, and pristinamycin against 50/90% of 249 Haemophilus influenzae and 50 Moraxella catarrhalis isolates were 2/4, 0.06/0.125; 8/16, 0.25/0.25; 2/4, 0.06/0.125; 16/16, 0.25/0.25; 32/>32, 1/2; and 2/4, 0.5/0.5 microg/ml. Azithr...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.42.11.3032
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cytochrome P450 enzyme-encoding genes rosC and rosD were cloned from the rosamicin biosynthetic gene cluster of Micromonospora rosaria IFO13697. The functions of RosC and RosD were demonstrated by gene disruption and complementation with M. rosaria and bioconversion of rosamicin biosynthetic intermediates with Esc...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.02092-12
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Resistance to peptide deformylase inhibitors in Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus is due to inactivation of transformylase activity. Knockout experiments in Streptococcus pneumoniae R6x indicate that the transformylase (fmt) and deformylase (defB) genes are essential and that a def paralog (defA) is not. Actin...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.45.9.2432-2435.2001
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A hemoglobin-supplemented medium composed of Columbia agar base supplemented with 1% hemoglobin and 1% Polyvitex was used to investigate the in vitro activity of 29 antimicrobial agents against Capnocytophaga species. Clindamycin was the most active agent, with all strains being inhibited by 0.06 microgram/ml or less....
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.30.5.739
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Herpes simplex ocular infection is a major cause of corneal blindness. Local antiviral treatments exist but are associated with corneal toxicity, and resistance has become an issue. We evaluated the biodistribution and efficacy of a humanized anti-herpes simplex virus (anti-HSV) IgG FAb fragment (AC-8; 53 kDa) followi...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.05145-11
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The efficacy and safety of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid were compared with those of co-trimoxazole in the treatment of acute urinary tract infections. A total of 104 patients (mean age, 52 years) with clinical and laboratory evidence of acute urinary tract infection were enrolled in the study. Characteristics and infec...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1128/aac.28.5.693
更新日期:1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serial passage of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 or Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 on agar with subinhibitory concentrations of norfloxacin rapidly produced isolates with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of norfloxacin up to 512-fold higher than that for the original strain. Although MICs of seven unrelated an...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.23.1.188
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prolonged antimicrobial therapy is recommended for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bone and joint infections (BJI), but its safety profile and risk factors for severe adverse events (SAE) in clinical practice are unknown. We addressed these issues in a retrospective cohort study (2001 to 2011) ana...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.02032-13
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Viral pathogens causing global disease burdens are often characterized by high rates of evolutionary changes. The extensive viral diversity at baseline can shorten the time to escape from therapeutic or immune selective pressure and alter mutational pathways. The impact of genotypic background on the barrier to resist...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00539-19
更新日期:2019-07-25 00:00:00
abstract::Amoxicillin when administered with gastric acid suppressors has been shown to be effective in eradication of Helicobacter pylori in 50 to 80% of subjects. The aim of this investigator-blind crossover study was to determine if gastric mucosal amoxicillin uptake was affected by increasing gastric juice pH. Fifteen male ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1128/aac.39.9.2084
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::18F-labeled fleroxacin was used to measure the pharmacokinetics of fleroxacin in healthy and infected animals by positron emission tomography (PET) and tissue radioactivity measurements. In all experiments, a pharmacological dose of unlabeled drug (10 mg/kg) was coinjected with the tracer. The pharmacokinetics of [18F...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.36.10.2286
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spontaneous mutants of susceptible clinical and laboratory isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae exhibiting reduced susceptibility to evernimicin (SCH27899; MIC, 0.5 to 4.0 mg/liter) were selected on plates containing evernimicin. Four isolates that did not harbor mutations in rplP (which encodes ribosomal protein L16)...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.44.11.3101-3106.2000
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Resistance to rifampin in Mycobacterium tuberculosis results from mutations in the gene coding for the beta subunit of RNA polymerase (rpoB). At least 95% of rifampin-resistant isolates have mutations in rpoB, and the mutations are clustered in a small region. About 40 distinct point mutations and in-frame insertions ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.44.12.3298-3301.2000
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The in vitro activities of vancomycin and teicoplanin alone and in combination with gentamicin or tobramycin were studied by time-kill techniques with 11 strains of pathogenic diphtheroids (Corynebacterium group JK). The activities of vancomycin and teicoplanin were similar (MIC for 90% of strains tested [MIC90], 1 mi...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.32.4.434
更新日期:1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the impact of low-level resistance to fluoroquinolones on the bactericidal activity of ciprofloxacin in a murine model of urinary tract infection. The susceptible Escherichia coli strain CFT073 (ciprofloxacin MIC [CIP MIC] of 0.008 microg/ml) was compared to its transconjugants harboring qnrA1 or qnrS1...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01664-08
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the leading pathogens that cause a variety of mucosal and invasive infections. With the increased emergence of multidrug-resistant S. pneumoniae, new antimicrobials with mechanisms of action different from conventional antibiotics are urgently needed. In this study, we identified a p...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.02043-18
更新日期:2019-03-27 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the effects of two N,N'-bis(benzyl)-substituted polyamine analogs on the capacities of Trypanosoma cruzi to invade and multiply within a mammalian host cell. At concentrations as low as 1 microM, these compounds reduced significantly the infectivity of the parasite for rat heart myoblasts in a time-dependen...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.37.10.2235
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Establishing an effective empirical antifungal therapy requires that national surveillance studies be conducted. Herein, we report the clinical outcome of infections with and the microbiological features of Iranian isolates of Candidaglabrata derived from patients suffering from candidemia. C. glabrata isolates were r...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1128/AAC.02503-18
更新日期:2019-06-24 00:00:00
abstract::This randomized, controlled trial was designed to show that a short, 5-day course of pharmacokinetically enhanced amoxicillin-clavulanate at 2,000/125 mg (Augmentin XR) is as effective clinically as a longer, 7-day course of conventional amoxicillin-clavulanate at 875/125 mg (both given twice daily) in the treatment o...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1128/AAC.49.1.153-160.2005
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Isolates of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1, obtained from guinea pigs with experimentally induced Legionnaires disease, were tested for rifampin resistance. Thirteen isolates were from animals treated with rifampin alone, four isolates were from animals treated with saline, and three isolates each were from animal...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.35.1.5
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The current voriconazole dosing recommendation in adolescents is based on limited efficacy and pharmacokinetic data. To confirm the appropriateness of dosing adolescents like adults, a pharmacokinetic study was conducted in 26 immunocompromised adolescents aged 12 to <17 years following intravenous (IV) voriconazole t...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.05010-11
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent endogenous proinflammatory mediator implicated in the pathogenesis of septic shock. A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of an intravenous PAF receptor antagonist (lexipafant) was conducted with 131 adult Thai patients with suspected severe sepsis (66 of whom ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1128/aac.44.3.693-696.2000
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00