Abstract:
:Ten normal adult tobacco smokers and 10 nonsmoking volunteers 20-31 years of age were the subjects of this study. The tobacco smokers all had a history of daily tobacco smoking. They were asked to stop smoking for 12 hours prior to testing. The Hoffmann (H) reflex and its recovery cycle were measured on different days before and just after smoking one nonfiltered 0 mg, low (0.27 mg), or high (2.16 mg) nicotine containing cigarette in a randomized order. Blood samples were drawn immediately after the H reflex recordings in the tobacco smokers. The blood samples were centrifuged, the plasma removed, frozen, and later assayed for nicotine and cotinine levels. Nonsmokers compared to tobacco smokers before smoking only had a tendency for enhanced amplitude of the recovery cycle. After smoking the nicotine containing cigarettes, the tobacco smokers had a depression of the amplitude of the H reflex recovery cycle. The amplitude of the H reflex recovery cycle at 160 ms was reduced. This decreased significantly with increasing plasma nicotine and cotinine concentrations. Individual differences were marked. The data obtained are consistent with evidence in animals that nicotine and tobacco smoke stimulate Renshaw inhibitory neurons in the spinal cord, either directly or indirectly which leads to a skeletal muscle relaxant effect.
journal_name
Eur J Clin Pharmacoljournal_title
European journal of clinical pharmacologyauthors
Domino EF,Kadoya C,Matsuoka Sdoi
10.1007/BF00196110subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-01-01 00:00:00pages
527-32issue
6eissn
0031-6970issn
1432-1041journal_volume
46pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The effects of intravenous strophanthin K (0.125 and 0.25 MG) and lanatoside C (0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 mg) on systolic time intervals (STI) and impedance plethysmographic (IP)P values were studied in ten patients with compensated coronary heart disease. The heart rate decreased significantly during a two-hour study in the l...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00613426
更新日期:1975-10-10 00:00:00
abstract::The number of marketed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents varies widely from one European country to another, partly as a consequence of differing regulatory policies. During a four-year period, nine of 18 applications to market such drugs in the Netherlands failed; the remaining nine compounds were all licenced; ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00558371
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The peripheral histamine-inhibiting and central sedative effects of single oral doses (SOD) and of repeated administration for one week (steady state, SS), of 20 mg hydroxyzine HCL and 10 mg cetirizine have been assessed in 12 healthy volunteers, in a double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study. Peripheral H1-rec...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00626365
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Opicapone is a novel third generation catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor. The purpose of this study was to compare the levodopa pharmacokinetic profile throughout a day driven by the COMT inhibition either following repeated doses of opicapone or concomitant administration with enta...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00228-014-1701-2
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To study, in a large cohort, the association between the use of anti-asthmatic drugs during pregnancy and pregnancy complications. METHODS:Using the Swedish Medical Birth Register, we identified 24,369 women who reported the use of anti-asthmatic drugs in early pregnancy and 7778 women who were prescribed su...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-006-0257-1
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The opioid class of drugs, a large group, is mainly used for the treatment of acute and chronic persistent pain. All are eliminated from the body via metabolism involving principally CYP3A4 and the highly polymorphic CYP2D6, which markedly affects the drug's function, and by conjugation reactions mainly by UGT2B7. In ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00228-008-0570-y
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To describe the frequency and types of drug-related problems (DRPs) in hospitalised patients, and to identify risk factors for DRPs and the drugs most frequently causing them. METHODS:From May to December 2002, 827 patients from six internal medicine and two rheumatology departments in five hospitals in Norw...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1007/s00228-004-0830-4
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A double blind, placebo-controlled study of the ventilatory effects of three new beta 1-selective adrenoceptor blockers was carried out in eight asthmatic patients. Measurements were performed before and 2, 3 and 4 h after ingestion of a single oral dose of placebo, atenolol 100 mg, metoprolol 100 mg or acebutolol 400...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00542093
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacokinetics of fluocortolone and its effect on the circadian rhythm of plasma cortisol and ACTH have been studied during different schedules of oral administration. Groups of 6 healthy male adults were given a single daily dose of fluocortolone 5, 10 and 20 mg, and another group received 20 mg every second da...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00609249
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:A variety of diagnostic methods are available to validate the performance of population pharmacokinetic models. Internal validation, which applies these methods to the model building dataset and to additional data generated through Monte Carlo simulations, is often sufficient, but external validation, which req...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-020-03036-2
更新日期:2020-11-11 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Theophylline is metabolized to 1,3-dimethyluric acid (1,3-DMU), 3-methylxanthine, and 1-methylxanthine by CYP1A2 and partly by CYP2E1. Because 1,3-DMU is the major metabolite of theophylline, the 1,3-DMU/theophylline ratio is viewed as a good indicator of theophylline metabolic clearance. Here, we investigate...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-006-0165-4
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the impact of the two most common CYP2C9 variant alleles (*2 and *3) on the maintenance dose of warfarin and on the quality of anticoagulation control in Brazilians. METHODS:Patients (n = 103) initiated warfarin therapy with 5 mg/day (or 2.5 mg/day when over 80 years old). The international norma...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-007-0385-2
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:Thiazolidinediones administration is assumed to be related with an improvement of endothelial dysfunction (ED); nevertheless, previous studies have been inconsistent. For this reason, the present meta-analysis was directed to estimate if thiazolidinediones were related to endothelial dysfunction improvement by usi...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1007/s00228-015-1999-4
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accidental intoxication with tramadol of a 6-month old infant was followed by severe cerebral depression. Studies on serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine drug levels indicated complete penetration of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier by tramadol. ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00543498
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of the present study was to evaluate a computerised monitoring system (CMS) based on laboratory test results for the detection of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) on a paediatric ward. METHODS:A prospective, 6-month pharmacoepidemiological survey was performed on a 22-bed paediatric isolation ward. ADRs...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-006-0197-9
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Digoxin is a well-known probe for the activity of P-glycoprotein. The objective of this work was to apply different methods for covariate selection in non-linear mixed-effect models to study the relationship between the pharmacokinetic parameters of digoxin and the genotype for two major exons located on the...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-007-0269-5
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The influence of bezafibrate treatment on hepatic cholesterol metabolism was studied in rats and in humans. The activities of the three key enzymes involved in cholesterol metabolism [3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, and acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransf...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF01409405
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumour in childhood. It accounts for 15% of all paediatric oncology deaths. In the last few decades, improvement in treatment outcome for high-risk patients has not occurred, with an overall survival rate <30-40%. Many reasons may account for such a low surviv...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00228-010-0966-3
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Although CYP3A4/5 enzymes play the predominant role in the metabolism of simvastatin and lovastatin, polymorphisms in CYP2D6 were reported to be associated with the cholesterol-lowering effect and/or tolerability of simvastatin. This study was performed to examine whether common CYP2D6 polymorphisms affect the ...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-011-1202-5
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Individual variation in the half-life of caffeine in the body was measured by HPLC analysis of saliva samples. The mean for adult males and non-pregnant females was 3.4 h (range 2-5 h, n = 25), and 8.3 h (range 3-16 h, n = 57) for pregnant women. After delivery, in most cases the values returned to normal within one m...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00637512
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Oncological patients are at increasing risk of QT prolongation, a risk factor for ventricular arrhythmia. We assessed impact and risk factors for corrected QT (QTc) prolongation during multiple-cycle chemotherapy. METHODS:We enrolled 100 outpatients initiating chemotherapy in a university center specializing i...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00228-015-1874-3
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects in vitro and in vivo of triiodothyronine on certain functions of human lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear granulocytes have been investigated. Triiodothyronine was able to enhance the phagocytic capacity and chemiluminescent activity of polymorphonuclear granulocytes. PHA-P-induced 3H-thymidine incorporatio...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00561672
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of pentobarbital treatment in a mean dose of 30 mg/kg/day on the clearance of hexobarbital (Evipan) and dipyrone (Novalgin) has been evaluated in critical care patients receiving a large number of drugs as comedication. Eleven patients treated with pentobarbital showed a hexobarbital half-life of 2.79 h and...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00607575
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of cigarette smoking and gender on the pharmacokinetics of metoprolol. Eighteen volunteers with no evidence of clinical disease each randomly received the following doses of metoprolol tartrate: 100 mg orally, 200 mg orally and 20 mg as a constant-rate intravenous...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00637630
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:The purpose of this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study was to investigate the preventive effect of topical administration of atorvastatin (ATV) on the acute radiation-induced skin toxicity in patients with breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Seventy breast cancer patients were ra...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00228-018-2570-x
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Case report of a pharmacokinetic interaction between diltiazem and nortriptyline. METHODS:Determination of plasma nortriptyline concentrations by HPLC. Calculation of nortriptyline clearances and half-life by formulae used routinely in therapeutic drug monitoring. RESULTS:The average plasma concentration of...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00203789
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to compare the effects of benazepril and amlodipine in monotherapy versus in combination with plasma t-PA and PAI-1 activity in hypertensive type-2 diabetic patients. METHODS:After an initial 6-week wash-out, single-blind placebo period, 38 patients, 17 men and 21 females, were rand...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00228-003-0621-3
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The prevention of contrast-mediated nephropathy (CMN), which accounts for considerable morbidity and mortality, remains a vexing problem. Contrast induced renal vasoconstriction is believed to play a pivotal role in the CMN mechanism. The aim of this pilot study was to examine the safety and efficacy of two d...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00228-006-0150-y
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::To assess the duration of the antihypertensive effect of the dihydropiridine calcium antagonist felodipine in conventional (C-F) and slow-release (ER-F) formulations, 12 patients with essential hypertension underwent ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) at the end of a 2-week treatment period with C-F 5 mg b.d....
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00562543
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The possible interaction between cetirizine 2 HCl and alcohol was studied in a double-blind, cross-over trial in 36 healthy volunteers. The performance of each volunteer was tested with a battery of five objective psychometric tests, and their subjective feelings were evaluated by visual analogue scales, and by extens...
journal_title:European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00615227
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00