Abstract:
:The combination of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (measurement of the biological effect) monitoring of immunosuppressive drugs provides a method for the optimization of drug dosing. We chose to investigate this using mycophenolic acid (MPA), an immunosuppressive drug that mediates its effect by the inhibition of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), a key enzyme in the de novo biosynthesis of purines. Using an assay developed for measurement of IMPDH activity in whole blood, the concentration required for 50% inhibition of IMPDH activity was approximately 200 mg/L (58 +/- 8.3% for whole blood [n = 6] and 55 +/- 10.0% for isolated lymphocytes). To ascertain the relationship between MPA concentration and IMPDH inhibition in vivo, dogs were administered a single dose of mycophenolate mofetil, the pro-drug of MPA, at 20 or 40 mg/kg orally. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that the Cmax of the 40-mg/kg group was statistically greater than that of the 20-mg/kg group (P < 0.05). There were no statistical differences in the other parameters investigated (area under the curve, beta half-life, mean residence time, volume of distribution at steady state, and clearance) between the two treatment groups. The half-life was calculated at approximately 8 hr for both dose groups. There was also substantial variability among the dogs in the absorption and clearance of MPA. An inverse relationship was found between the MPA concentration and IMPDH. Maximal inhibition of IMPDH activity of 30-40% occurs approximately 2-4 hr after dosing, followed by a gradual restoration in enzyme activity. After 24 hr, there is an increase in IMPDH activity that exceeds the pre-dosing levels in some cases by 3-fold. Evaluation of the pharmacokinetic and the pharmacodynamic responses to MPA in the canine model suggests that the drug should be administered ever 8 hr to optimize its immunosuppressive efficacy. This combined approach can be used for optimization of doses of this and other immunosuppressive drugs.
journal_name
Transplantationjournal_title
Transplantationauthors
Langman LJ,Shapiro AM,Lakey JR,LeGatt DF,Kneteman NM,Yatscoff RWdoi
10.1097/00007890-199601150-00018subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-01-15 00:00:00pages
87-92issue
1eissn
0041-1337issn
1534-6080journal_volume
61pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
TRANSPLANTATION文献大全abstract::The following findings were noted among 45 bone marrow transplant recipients. The patients without cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection or chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) showed normal lymphocyte stimulation in vitro by concanavalin A (Con A) more than 3 months after transplantation, and normal stimulation by phyt...
journal_title:Transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007890-198504000-00008
更新日期:1985-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nippostrongylus infection strongly stimulates TH2 activity in vivo. Given the evidence of cross regulation between TH2 and TH1 cells, and the link between TH1 activity and graft rejection, we examined the effects of Nippostrongylus infection on the fate of kidney allografts in rats. Both prior Nippostrongylus infectio...
journal_title:Transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007890-199601270-00003
更新日期:1996-01-27 00:00:00
abstract::Endothelial damage has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic rejection. Conversely, expression of protective genes [including A20, A1, bcl-xl, and hemoxygenase-1 (HO-1)] in the endothelium has been associated with long-term graft survival. Overexpression of protective genes in cultured endothelial cells confe...
journal_title:Transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007890-200102150-00020
更新日期:2001-02-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:During allograft rejection, up-regulation of cytokine-inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) leads to the production of large amounts of nitric oxide (NO). The net effect of NO on the alloimmune response is, however, difficult to predict because of its diverse biological effects, which include potentially op...
journal_title:Transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007890-199708270-00007
更新日期:1997-08-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recent data indicate that factors other than erythropoietin (EPO), such as insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), can promote erythropoiesis in vitro and correct the anemia of chronic renal failure in vivo. IGF-1 is produced by the liver under growth hormone control, as well as by other sources, including the...
journal_title:Transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007890-199709270-00021
更新日期:1997-09-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The full potential of pancreatic islet transplantation (PIT) has not been realized because of the difficulties associated with islet isolation, particularly when associated with a remote islet isolation center. Herein, we describe the principles of pancreatic procurement for PIT, which have allowed us to ach...
journal_title:Transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.tp.0000128910.41921.4b
更新日期:2004-08-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Clinical and hematological profile of chronic anemia in children after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is unknown. METHODS:We prospectively studied children after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) with hemoglobin levels < 2 standard deviation of age appropriate mean for > 6 months. Investigation...
journal_title:Transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007890-200011270-00011
更新日期:2000-11-27 00:00:00
abstract::Patients who require cystectomy are usually treated with an ileal conduit or intestinal neobladder for urinary control. In some of them, however, the bowel segment cannot be used because of previous abdominal surgery or radiation treatment. Bladder transplantation from cadavers may be beneficial to these patients, if ...
journal_title:Transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007890-199704150-00002
更新日期:1997-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::ABO-incompatible (ABOi) kidney transplantation has gained a renewed interest during the past years. In 2001, a protocol for ABOi kidney transplantation based on antigen-specific immunoadsorption and rituximab was introduced at our center. In this study long-term graft function using this protocol was assessed. All ABO...
journal_title:Transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.tp.0000296031.41424.f8
更新日期:2007-12-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Clinical studies suggest that the immunosuppressant mycophenolate mofetil is associated with anemia. However, the mechanism for this is not known. Here, we studied the effect of mycophenolic acid (MPA), the active metabolite of mycophenolate mofetil, on erythropoiesis in vitro. METHODS:Both UT-7 cells and p...
journal_title:Transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/TP.0b013e318238da98
更新日期:2011-12-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Survival of ABO-mismatched kidneys with stable renal function despite the persistence of anti-ABO antibodies is called accommodation. The mechanism of accommodation is unclear, but may involve complement regulatory proteins such as CD59. The development of alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase knock-out (GalT-KO) ...
journal_title:Transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/TP.0b013e3181a19afc
更新日期:2009-05-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The use of lung grafts from non-heart-beating donors (NHBD) is one way of solving the donor organ shortage problem. In this experiment, we studied the effect of retrograde flush (RF) from the left atrium before harvest, inhaled nitric oxide (NO), and gabexate mesilate (FOY), a protease inhibitor, in the lung...
journal_title:Transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007890-200005270-00008
更新日期:2000-05-27 00:00:00
abstract::Single lung isografting in rats with pulmonary hypertension has been reported. However, it is hard to evaluate cardiopulmonary hemodynamics accurately or to use circulatory assists during procedures using rats. Therefore, we tried to establish a model of pulmonary hypertension in the beagle. Twenty young beagles were ...
journal_title:Transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007890-199507150-00002
更新日期:1995-07-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:For certain uremic, diabetic patients, a sequential transplant of a kidney (usually from a living donor) followed by a cadaver pancreas has become an attractive option. But how long to wait after the kidney transplant before proceeding with a pancreas transplant is unclear. We studied outcomes in recipients ...
journal_title:Transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007890-200010270-00022
更新日期:2000-10-27 00:00:00
abstract::We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of all renal transplant patients treated with cyclosporine as their main chronic immunosuppressive agent between 12/83 and 11/85 to identify cytomegalovirus-negative patients at our institutions who received cytomegalovirus (CMV)-positive kidneys. Using a latex agglutinati...
journal_title:Transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007890-198702000-00005
更新日期:1987-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:New-onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) increases infectious and cardiovascular complications and reduces patient and graft survival. We assessed the incidence and the risk factors for glucose metabolism abnormalities before and after kidney transplantation using an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT...
journal_title:Transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/TP.0b013e31820f0877
更新日期:2011-04-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Evidence on prevalence and correlates of pretransplant medication nonadherence (MNA) is limited. The present study explored self-reported prevalence and correlates of MNA before heart, liver, and lung transplantation. METHODS:This cross-sectional descriptive study included 174 patients: 69 lung, 33 heart, a...
journal_title:Transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.tp.0000158430.06507.87
更新日期:2005-06-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a frequent complication in renal-transplant recipients (RTRs). We conducted a prospective study to assess the potential role of PTDM in the development of atherosclerotic events (AE) in RTRs. METHODS:Three hundred fifty-seven consecutive RTRs were enrolled in this ...
journal_title:Transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.tp.0000151799.98612.eb
更新日期:2005-02-27 00:00:00
abstract::Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) induction on hepatocytes was investigated in relation to acute liver allograft rejection, CMV infection, and systemic bacterial infections. Twenty-four liver transplant recipients underwent an episode of acute rejection, 13 developed a symptomatic clinical CMV infection, and ...
journal_title:Transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007890-199312000-00041
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Primary hyperoxaluria is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disease that often progresses to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Liver transplantation is curative for patients with the alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferase deficiency. For oxalosis patients with minor enzyme deficiencies, renal transplantation m...
journal_title:Transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1097/00007890-200209150-00020
更新日期:2002-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatic artery thrombosis is a dreadful complication of orthotopic liver transplantation. It should be suspected in cases of fulminant liver failure, delayed bile leak, or intermittent sepsis of unknown cause after liver transplantation. Accurate diagnosis is assisted by ultrasound and computerized tomography scans, b...
journal_title:Transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007890-198512000-00019
更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Identification of risk factors for BK virus (BKV) replication may improve transplant outcome. We investigated the impact of immunosuppressive drugs on the prevalence of BKV replication in recipients of human renal allografts. METHODS:One hundred twenty renal allograft recipients were studied prospectively a...
journal_title:Transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/TP.0b013e31817c6447
更新日期:2008-08-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The aim of this single-center study was to investigate whether trough level adjusted mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is more efficacious in combination with tacrolimus (TAC) or cyclosporine (CsA) and to evaluate the impact of either drug on MMF dosage. METHODS:Sixty patients (TAC, n = 30; CsA, n = 30) undergoin...
journal_title:Transplantation
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/01.tp.0000129814.52456.25
更新日期:2004-08-27 00:00:00
abstract::Apoptotic cells are endowed with immunomodulatory properties. The authors propose infusing apoptotic cells as a cell-based therapy product to facilitate allogeneic hematopoietic engraftment after a nonmyeloablative conditioning regimen. Such an approach may be used to obtain macrochimerism in combined hematopoietic ce...
journal_title:Transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.TP.0000067951.90241.54
更新日期:2003-05-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hyperparathyroidism is reported in 10% to 66% of renal transplant recipients (RTR). The influence of persisting hyperparathyroidism on long-term clinical outcomes in RTR has not been examined in a large prospective study. METHODS:We investigated the association between baseline parathyroid hormone (PTH) lev...
journal_title:Transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/TP.0000000000000583
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recipients of vascularized composite allografts require aggressive and lifelong immunosuppression, and because the surgery is usually performed in nonlife-threatening situations, the development of strategies to minimize immunosuppression is especially pertinent for this procedure. We investigated how comple...
journal_title:Transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/TP.0000000000001625
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The subclass of IgG antibodies contributes to their capability to activate complement. It is currently unknown whether the pretransplant IgG subclass composition allows distinguishing harmful from presumably irrelevant donor-specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies (HLA-DSA) detected by single-antig...
journal_title:Transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/TP.0b013e31821cdf0d
更新日期:2011-07-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The organ shortage has led many transplant centers to accept kidneys from old, suboptimal deceased donors, and make increasing use of old-for-old allocation systems. We report the experience of an Italian transplant center in the utilization of "ultra-old" (>75 years old) donors. METHODS:Sixty grafts from d...
journal_title:Transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/TP.0b013e3181a6b4ff
更新日期:2009-06-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Currently, many transplantation centers do not follow former living kidney donors on a long-term basis. Several potential barriers have been identified to provide this follow-up of former living kidney donors, including concerns that donor insurance will not reimburse transplantation centers or primary care ...
journal_title:Transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/TP.0b013e31826cc9a1
更新日期:2012-11-27 00:00:00
abstract::Patients receiving allogeneic marrow transplantation for hematologic malignancies commonly are conditioned with total body irradiation (TBI) and given methotrexate (MTX) in an attempt to prevent graft-versus-host disease. To study the effects of TBI with or without MTX on bronchoalveolar cells and proteins, we perform...
journal_title:Transplantation
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00007890-198404000-00003
更新日期:1984-04-01 00:00:00