Abstract：
:The specific contributions of distal dendrites to the computational properties of cortical neurons are little understood and are completely ignored in most network simulations of higher brain functions. Compartmental models, based on realistic estimates of morphology and physiology, provide a means for exploring these contributions. We have pursued analysis of a model of synaptic integration in a distal dendrite bearing four spines, using a new general-purpose simulation program called SABER. We have analyzed this model under the assumption that the dendrite contains sites of impulse-generating membrane, and we have compared its responses to synaptic activation with the case of impulse-generating membrane located instead in the spine heads, as previously reported. Both types of models generate basic logic operations, such as AND, OR, and AND-NOT gates. Active spine heads require lower excitatory synaptic conductances, but active branch segments lead to larger responses in the soma. The transients recorded near the soma give no evidence of their origin in either active branch or active spines, indicating that the interpretation of experimental recordings with regard to sites of distal active responses must be viewed with caution. The results suggest the hypothesis that a hierarchy of logic operations is virtually inherent in the branching structure of dendritic trees of cortical pyramidal neurons. Inclusion of these properties in representations of cortical neurons would greatly enhance the computational power of neural networks aimed at simulating higher brain functions.
journal_name
J Cogn Neuroscijournal_title
Journal of cognitive neuroscienceauthors
Shepherd GM,Woolf TB,Carnevale NTdoi
10.1162/jocn.1989.1.3.273subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1989-07-01 00:00:00pages
273-86issue
3eissn
0898-929Xissn
1530-8898journal_volume
1pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Language processing depends on a left-lateralized network of frontotemporal cortical regions. This network is remarkably consistent across individuals and cultures. However, there is also evidence that developmental factors, such as delayed exposure to language, can modify this network. Recently, it has been found tha...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/jocn_a_01045
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies of cognition often use an "oddball" paradigm to study effects of stimulus novelty and significance on information processing. However, an oddball tends to be perceptually more novel than the standard, repeated stimulus as well as more relevant to the ongoing task, making it difficult to disentangle effects due...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/jocn.2009.21244
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:"Priming of pop-out" is a form of implicit memory that facilitates detection of a recently inspected search target. Repeated presentation of a target's features or its spatial position improves detection speed (feature/spatial priming). This study investigated a role for the human frontal eye fields (FEFs) in the prim...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/jocn.2007.19.7.1140
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The sense of agency (SoA) refers to a constitutional aspect of the self describing the extent to which individuals feel in control over their actions and consequences thereof. Although the SoA has been associated with mental health and well-being, it is still unknown how interindividual variability in the SoA is embed...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/jocn_a_01590
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Frontal oscillatory dynamics in the theta (4-8 Hz) and beta (20-30 Hz) frequency bands have been implicated in cognitive control processes. Here we investigated the changes in coordinated activity within and between frontal brain areas during feedback-based response learning. In a time estimation task, participants le...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1162/jocn_a_00110
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pFC plays a key role in flexible, context-specific decision making. One proposal [Machens, C. K., Romo, R., & Brody, C. D. Flexible control of mutual inhibition: A neural model of two-interval discrimination. Science, 307, 1121-1124, 2005] is that prefrontal cells may be dynamically organized into opponent coding ...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/jocn.2009.21216
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Visuospatial working memory is one of the most extensively investigated functions of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Theories of prefrontal cortical function have suggested that this area exerts cognitive control by modulating the activity of structures to which it is connected. Here, we used the oculomoto...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/jocn.2009.21067
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Impaired retrieval of conceptual knowledge for actions has been associated with lesions of left premotor, left parietal, and left middle temporal areas [Tranel, D., Kemmerer, D., Adolphs, R., Damasio, H., & Damasio, A. R. Neural correlates of conceptual knowledge for actions. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 409-432, 2003]....
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/jocn.2007.19.6.1004
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dopamine (DA) has been implicated in modulating multiple cognitive control processes, including the robust maintenance of task sets and memoranda in the face of distractors (cognitive stability) and, conversely, the ability to switch task sets or update the contents of working memory when it is advantageous to do so (...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/jocn_a_01518
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is broad consensus that the visual word recognition system is sensitive to morphological structure (e.g., "hunter" = "hunt" + "er"). Moreover, it has been assumed that the analysis of morphologically complex words (e.g., "hunter") occurs only if the meaning of the complex form can be derived from the meanings of...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/jocn.2007.19.5.866
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cognition and behavior emerge from brain network interactions, suggesting that causal interactions should be central to the study of brain function. Yet, approaches that characterize relationships among neural time series-functional connectivity (FC) methods-are dominated by methods that assess bivariate statistical a...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/jocn_a_01580
更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Renewal is defined as the recovery of an extinguished response if extinction and retrieval contexts differ. The context dependency of extinction, as demonstrated by renewal, has important implications for extinction-based therapies. Persons showing renewal (REN) exhibit higher hippocampal activation during extinction ...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/jocn_a_00928
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Numerous studies have documented that older adults (OAs) do not perform as well as young adults (YAs) when task demands require the establishment or retrieval of a novel link between previously unrelated information (relational memory: RM). Nonetheless, the source of this age-related RM deficit remains unspecified. On...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/jocn_a_00058
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) or brain decoding methods have become standard practice in analyzing fMRI data. Although decoding methods have been extensively applied in brain-computer interfaces, these methods have only recently been applied to time series neuroimaging data such as MEG and EEG to address experi...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1162/jocn_a_01068
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Reading relies on the rapid visual recognition of words viewed in a wide variety of fonts. We used fMRI to identify neural populations showing reduced fMRI responses to repeated words displayed in different fonts ("font-invariant" repetition suppression). We also identified neural populations showing greater fMRI resp...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/jocn_a_01408
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The significance of stimuli is linked not only to their nature but also to the sequential structure in which they are embedded, which gives rise to contingency rules. Humans have an extraordinary ability to extract and exploit these rules, as exemplified by the role of grammar and syntax in language. To study the brai...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/jocn_a_00229
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability to generate and process semantic relations is central to many aspects of human cognition. Theorists have long debated whether such relations are coarsely coded as links in a semantic network or finely coded as distributed patterns over some core set of abstract relations. The form and content of the concep...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/jocn_a_01620
更新日期：2020-08-07 00:00:00
abstract：:At birth, human infants and newborns of other primate species demonstrate the capacity to attend and to respond to facial stimuli provided by a caregiver. Newborn infants are also capable of exhibiting a range of facial expressions. Identification of the neural underpinnings of these capacities represents a formidable...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/jocn_a_00198
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In many everyday listening situations, an otherwise audible sound may go unnoticed amid multiple other sounds. This auditory phenomenon, called informational masking (IM), is sensitive to visual input and involves early (50-250 msec) activity in the auditory cortex (the so-called awareness-related negativity). It is s...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/jocn_a_01097
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An enduring question in the study of second-language acquisition concerns the relative contributions of age of acquisition (AOA) and ultimate linguistic proficiency to neural organization for second-language processing. Several ERP and neuroimaging studies of second-language learners have found that neural organizatio...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/jocn.2010.21586
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Visual agnosia is a neuropsychological syndrome characterized by a failure of object identification. Apperceptive agnosia, an object identification deficit caused by damage to early perceptual processes, has been explained by appealing to both damaged early sensory processes and to damaged preattentive grouping proces...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/089892998562979
更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability to simultaneously acquire objective physiological measures of emotion concurrent with fMRI holds the promise to enhance our understanding of the biological bases of affect and thus improve our knowledge of the neural circuitry underlying psychiatric disorders. However, the vast majority of neuroimaging stu...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/jocn_a_00622
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:People are often considered cognitive misers. When given a free choice between two tasks, people tend to choose tasks requiring less cognitive effort. Such demand avoidance (DA) is associated with cognitive control, but it is still not clear to what extent individual differences in cognitive control can account for va...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/jocn_a_01566
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dynamically adjusting the right amount of goal shielding to varying situational demands is associated with the flexibility of cognitive control, typically linked with pFC functioning. Although stress hormones are found to also bind to prefrontal receptors, the link between stress and cognitive control remains elusive....
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/jocn_a_00024
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A reliable observation in neuroimaging studies of cognitive control is the response of dorsal ACC (dACC) to events that demand increased cognitive control (e.g., response conflicts and performance errors). This observation is apparently at odds with a comparably reliable association of the dACC with the subjective exp...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/jocn_a_00242
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies on the neural correlates of perceptual awareness implicate sensory-specific regions and higher cortical regions such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in this process. The specific role of PFC regions is, however, unknown. PFC activity could be bottom-up driven, integrating signals from sensory regions. ...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/jocn.2008.20064
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:After few seconds, a figure steadily presented in peripheral vision becomes perceptually filled-in by its background, as if it "disappeared". We report that directing attention to the color, shape, or location of a figure increased the probability of perceiving filling-in compared to unattended figures, without modify...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/089892906775990561
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The onset of adolescence is associated with an increase in the behavioral tendency to explore and seek novel experiences. However, this exploration has rarely been quantified, and its neural correlates during this period remain unclear. Previously, activity within specific regions of the rostrolateral PFC (rlPFC) in a...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/jocn_a_00896
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Little is known about the neural mechanisms that control attentional modulation of deviance detection in the auditory modality. In this study, we manipulated the difficulty of a primary task to test the relation between task difficulty and the detection of infrequent, task-irrelevant deviant (D) tones (1,300 Hz) prese...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/jocn.2006.18.5.689
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although previous research has demonstrated that individuals are motivated to self-enhance, the neurocognitive mechanisms and temporal dynamics of self-enhancement are poorly understood. The current research examined whether self-enhancing motivations affect the perceptual processing of social feedback. Participants w...
journal_title：Journal of cognitive neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1162/jocn_a_00645
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
