Abstract：
:Our goal was to develop a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model that describes the fate of atracurium and its metabolite laudanosine as well as the time course of the neuromuscular block. The model was based on the consideration of mass balance of atracurium and was constructed by postulating an effect compartment linked to the central compartment in the previously described open mammillary model for atracurium. The entry and exit rate constants, kCE and kEC, were adjusted to satisfy the requirement that the peak amount in the effect compartment coincides with the peak submaximal block. We used previously published clinical data to arrive at the times to 50% neuromuscular block either during the onset of the block following an ED50 dose or during the recovery following larger doses of atracurium. Laplace transforms were used to define the model, and the solution was obtained by iterative numeric adjustments of the rate constants. The model provides an excellent fit of the observed plasma concentrations of atracurium and laudanosine and simulates well the development and waning of the neuromuscular block. The model projects that the peak amount of atracurium in the effect compartment amounts to 14% of the injected dose and is reached at 7.6 min after the injection.
journal_name
Eur J Clin Pharmacoljournal_title
European journal of clinical pharmacologyauthors
Nigrovic V,Gaspari J,Banoub Mdoi
10.1007/BF00226335subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-01-01 00:00:00pages
325-32issue
4eissn
0031-6970issn
1432-1041journal_volume
49pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The binding equilibria of warfarin and phenprocoumon with defatted human serum albumin were studied by equilibrium dialysis in 33 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, 37 degrees C. The binding isotherms for both ligands were consistent with binding to two similar and independent sites in the albumin molecule. The bindi...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00315474
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of single oral doses of mequitazine (5 and 10 mg), terfenadine (60 mg) and triprolidine (10 mg) as active controls, and placebo were evaluated on visuo-motor coordination, digit symbol substitution, critical flicker fusion and dynamic visual acuity, and on subjective assessments of mood and well-being in s...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00542129
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to define the pharmacokinetic profile of free carbamazepine (F-CBZ) in adult Omani epileptic patients in order to improve on dosing schedules through population pharmacokinetic analysis using the NONMEM program. METHOD:Steady-state trough F-CBZ serum concentrations, carbamazepine (C...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002280100300
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study we have investigated the effect of co-dergocrine, a selective DA2-agonist, on plasma aldosterone concentrations (PAC) in twelve patients with essential hypertension both in basal conditions and during sodium depletion. Sodium depletion resulted in an increase of PAC from 38 (13) pg/ml to 297 (21) pg/ml. ...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF00558273
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:General well-being, adverse effects and anti-hypertensive efficacy have been investigated in a double blind, parallel-group, dose-response multicentre study of diltiazem and metoprolol monotherapy for hypertension. 128 patients with primary hypertension were included from 10 participating centres. The patients were ra...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF00315222
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To study the main comedications associated with major bleeding during anticoagulant therapy with coumarins in a non-selected population under everyday circumstances. METHODS:The study population for this retrospective cohort study included all new users of phenprocoumon or acenocoumarol aged 40-80 years, dur...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-005-0947-0
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate the influence of concomitant administration of roxithromycin on the plasma pharmacokinetics of lovastatin. METHODS:In an open, randomized, crossover study, 12 healthy volunteers received 80 mg lovastatin orally either alone or concomitantly with 300 mg roxithromycin after 5-day pretreatment wi...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00228-001-0385-6
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To investigate interindividual variability in response to pain treatment, we characterized postoperative patients for morphine metabolism and for COMT, OPRM1 and UGT2B7 polymorphisms. METHODS:A total of 109 patients treated with morphine were genotyped by DNA sequencing for 12 DNA polymorphisms of the COMT, OP...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-013-1523-7
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In 10 healthy male subjects the pharmacokinetics and haemodynamic effects of sustained-release isosorbide-5-mononitrate 60 mg (IS-5-MN) were studied after oral administration at two different times in the day (08.00 h and 20.00 h). Effects on blood pressure and heart rate after 3 min standing upright were measured in ...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00315142
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Studies demonstrating mortality benefit of beta blockers (BB) after myocardial infarction (MI) were conducted before the era of percutaneous intervention and widespread use of statins. Recent retrospective studies show inconsistent results regarding which subgroups of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients' ben...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-020-02886-0
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pharmacodynamic effects of FCE20700, a new PGE2 derivative, have been investigated in 6 healthy volunteers given single intragastric (i.g.) and intraduodenal (i.d.) doses of 1 and 2 mg and placebo, according to a double-blind, within-subjects design. For 30-270 min following i.g. administration the effect of FCE20...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00606626
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute studies of clonidine suggest that it lowers blood pressure by central enhancement of baroreflex sensitivity coupled with diminished evidence of sympathetic outflow, but longterm clonidine data have not been conclusive. We examined effects of one month of low dose clonidine (0.4 +/- 0.15 mg/day) alone in 13 essen...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF00558378
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Databases of subjects receiving antidepressants provide evidence on the use of drugs in typical patients and settings under real-world conditions. This study analysed a general practice database to estimate the prevalence of antidepressant drug use, describe the use of these compounds by gender and age and es...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002280100361
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Drug-induced immune thrombocytopaenia is a rare, serious condition that can be triggered by numerous medications. To characterize the spectrum of drugs associated with immune thrombocytopaenia (ITP) in the Berlin Case-Control Surveillance Study (FAKOS). METHODS:Adult hospitalized patients with new onset idiopa...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1007/s00228-011-1184-3
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pharmacokinetics of melatonin during the day-time has been studied in 4 healthy subjects after a bolus i.v. injection of 5 or 10 micrograms/person and after a 5 h infusion of 20 micrograms per person in 6 healthy subjects. In addition, a pinealomectomized patient whose nocturnal plasma melatonin had been abolished...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00315035
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of menstrual cycle on the pharmacokinetics of theophylline has been studied in 9 female asthmatic patients. At three different times during the cycle (first, tenth and twentieth days) each subject received an i.v. infusion of 240 mg theophylline. Significant changes were found in the kinetics of theophyllin...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02657059
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To describe the frequency and types of drug-related problems (DRPs) in hospitalised patients, and to identify risk factors for DRPs and the drugs most frequently causing them. METHODS:From May to December 2002, 827 patients from six internal medicine and two rheumatology departments in five hospitals in Norw...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1007/s00228-004-0830-4
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The aim of the study was to compare plasma concentrations of rifampicin (RMP), isoniazid (INH) and pyrazinamide (PZA) between tuberculosis (TB) patients with and without diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS:Two-hour post-dosing concentrations of RMP, INH and PZA were determined in adult TB patients that were studie...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-016-2132-z
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of escalating oral doses of GW420867X, a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, was investigated in healthy male volunteers in a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. METHODS:Study subjects were divided into four groups of 12 subje...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s002280000224
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to systematically review evidence regarding the association between regimen complexity and adherence. METHODS:Articles were searched in MEDLINE, LILACS, Cochrane, CINAHL, PsycINFO and references of included studies. Search terms included medication regimen complexity, medication a...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00228-017-2315-2
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of quinidine were investigated in extensive and poor metabolisers of sparteine. No differences in plasma clearance, terminal half life, volume of distribution or cumulative urinary excretion of quinidine, 3-hydroxyquinidine and quinidine-N-oxide were observed between phenotypes. Thu...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00870989
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Investigations were undertaken to evaluate which uraemic solutes decrease drug protein binding. This was done by performing HPLC-fractionation of uraemic biological fluids and studying the effect of addition of a lyophilisate of each fraction to normal plasma containing standard quantities of radiolabelled drugs. From...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF01428386
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A double blind, placebo-controlled study of the ventilatory effects of three new beta 1-selective adrenoceptor blockers was carried out in eight asthmatic patients. Measurements were performed before and 2, 3 and 4 h after ingestion of a single oral dose of placebo, atenolol 100 mg, metoprolol 100 mg or acebutolol 400...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF00542093
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of a new dopamine receptor stimulating agent, piribedil (ET 495), was studied in 10 patients with Parkinson's syndrome, who had had no or a poor response to previous L-DOPA treatment, or had displayed marked side effects during L-DOPA administration. Piribedil produced significant improvement of the functio...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00567119
更新日期：1975-04-04 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To describe and compare the distribution of prescribed drugs in diabetic patients between 1992 and 1995. METHODS:Two cross-sectional surveys of a random selection of medical records of diabetic patients, from three community health centres (CHCs) in the Stockholm metropolitan area, were carried out. The age ...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002280050285
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The time-courses of plasma carbamazepine concentrations were followed in six apparently healthy adult subjects who, at different times, took single oral drug doses of 200, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800 and 900 mg. There were some suggestions of impaired bioavailability of the drug when given in tablet form. The following va...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00561065
更新日期：1977-12-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Amitriptyline has clinically important interactions with ethanol. Five healthy volunteers received 25 mg of amitriptyline orally, preceded by one hour and followed for eight hours by oral ethanol (or juice), dosed to achieve and maintain blood ethanol concentrations of 800 mg/l. In the presence of ethanol, amitriptyli...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01037943
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nicotine chewing gum (Nicorette 4 mg) and an identical placebo gum were administered on different days, in a double-blind cross over fashion, to 4 men, aged 25-52 years, and 4 women, aged 21-49 years, all healthy non-smokers. The subjects chewed the gum for 30 min and heart rate, blood pressure, electrocardiogram, fin...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00613610
更新日期：1982-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The use of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) in children is poorly characterized. Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of a quality improvement (QI) intervention targeting SAP in children, by means of a multicenter prospective intervention study, with a before and after design. METHODS:We prospectivel...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1007/s00228-017-2270-y
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The aim of the present study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic profile of tramadol hydrochloride in neonates, born from mothers who underwent analgesia with tramadol for the relief of labour pain. METHODS:Intramuscular tramadol (100--250 mg) was administered to 22 mothers giving birth who requested pain...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-005-0955-0
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
