Abstract:
:The retaining ligaments of the face are important in understanding concepts of facial aging and rejuvenation. They are located in constant anatomic locations where they separate facial spaces and compartments. Their superficial extensions form subcutaneous septa that separate facial fat compartments. Their main significance relates to their surgical release in order to achieve the desired aesthetic outcome. Furthermore, they have a sentinel role in their anatomic relationship to facial nerve branches. When performing facial aesthetic surgery, plastic surgeons should select a plane of dissection, release the appropriate ligaments depending on the desired aesthetic goals, and avoid nerve injury by using the ligaments as anatomic landmarks. Descriptions of the retaining ligaments are variable in the literature; due to different interpretations of anatomy, several classifications, locations, and nomenclature systems have been proposed. This article will review and clarify the anatomy of the retaining ligaments of the face, including the cheek, mandible, temporal, and periorbital areas.
journal_name
Aesthet Surg Jjournal_title
Aesthetic surgery journalauthors
Alghoul M,Codner MAdoi
10.1177/1090820X13495405subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-08-01 00:00:00pages
769-82issue
6eissn
1090-820Xissn
1527-330Xpii
1090820X13495405journal_volume
33pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:Background:The efficacy of facial muscle exercises (FMEs) for facial rejuvenation is controversial. In the majority of previous studies, nonquantitative assessment tools were used to assess the benefits of FMEs. Objectives:This study examined the effectiveness of FMEs using a Pao (MTG, Nagoya, Japan) device to quantif...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/asj/sjx238
更新日期:2018-04-06 00:00:00
abstract::Full and high cheekbones are considered a desirable component of facial attractiveness. The aging process can result in a loss of facial volume and changes in facial contours. Cheek augmentation can replace lost facial volume, rejuvenate facial appearance, enhance cheek prominence, and improve facial symmetry. A new, ...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.asj.2009.03.004
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:The previously described Akademikliniken (AK) method is a comprehensive approach to breast augmentation with form stable implants that has been shown to afford favorable outcomes when applied by experienced surgeons. Objectives:To evaluate outcomes of a surgeon newly adopting this method at the beginning of...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/asj/sjx024
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although the anatomy of the individual pectoralis major and minor muscles has been described previously, never before has the anatomic relationship between these muscles been investigated. OBJECTIVE:The authors identify the anatomic relationship of the costal origins of the pectoralis major and minor muscle...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1090820X13519643
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite multiple advantages of fat grafting for calf augmentation and re-shaping over traditional silicone calf implants, few reports have been published. OBJECTIVES:To report our technique and results with autologous fat grafting for calf augmentation and reshaping. METHODS:A retrospective review of the s...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/asj/sjv166
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Several growth factors and hyaluronic acid are implicated in fetal scarless healing. Whether these factors can be applied to an adult scar to improve scar characteristics is unknown. OBJECTIVES:This study compared the efficacy and safety of SKN2017B, a proprietary topical cream consisting of selective synth...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/asj/sjy185
更新日期:2019-02-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The long-acting preparation of bupivacaine, liposomal bupivacaine (EXPAREL, Pacira Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, CA), was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in October 2011 and has been shown to be safe in breast augmentation. It remains to be established if liposomal bupivacaine provides super...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/asj/sjv149
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Techniques for augmentation mammaplasty commonly involve incisions through at least a portion of the pectoralis major muscle. The effects of implant position and surgical release of the muscle origin have not been thoroughly addressed. OBJECTIVE:In this study the authors report on a group of female athletes...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.asj.2004.02.005
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The size and weight of hypertrophied breast can cause both physical and psychological problems. Although the majority of these problems can be solved with breast reduction surgery, the particular problem of development of brassiere strap grooves on the shoulders due to the weight of the breasts cannot be cor...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/asj/sjv007
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite the effectiveness of ablative CO(2) laser resurfacing for facial rejuvenation, its application has been limited owing to an undesirable side-effect profile, including prolonged hyperemia and potential pigmentary changes. However, newer fractional CO(2) laser technology has reduced the recovery time a...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1090820X10386930
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:YouTube is increasingly being utilized as a major educational resource by patients. It is important for plastic surgeons to understand the quality and characteristics of videos that patients are likely to view about procedures of interest. OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of the ...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/asj/sjz268
更新日期:2020-04-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Body contouring that involves abdominoplasty and/or liposuction is a common cosmetic surgery procedure. Although single-staged lipoabdominoplasty has gained popularity, safety concerns remain. OBJECTIVES:The authors compared abdominal flap perfusion and overall complication rates for traditional abdominopla...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1090820X14532286
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Volume enhancement/restoration addresses a key component of facial aging and plays an increasingly central role in facial rejuvenation. Advancing our understanding of the structure and morphology of facial aging-and the changes that can be induced with currently-available fillers-will optimize treatment and provide a ...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1090820X11434523
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Breast augmentation is the most popular cosmetic surgery procedure in the United States. Postoperative striae is a known but incompletely understood complication of breast augmentation. OBJECTIVES:The authors investigated their own patient population to discern risk factors for new-onset striae after cosmet...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1090820X14541121
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The transaxillary approach for breast augmentation has gained popularity because of the absence of scarring on the breast. However, the effects of this procedure on breast cancer detection and treatment (which rely heavily on the results of axillary status studies) remain under debate. Specifically, sentinel...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1090820X11404399
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Facial aging is a degenerative process that impairs contour and angle prominences. Rejuvenation is based on tissue replacement, volumization of the atrophic areas, improvement of flaccidity and cutaneous photoaging. OBJECTIVES:The study aims to apply structural fat grafting to manage volumetric deficits of ...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/asj/sjab016
更新日期:2021-01-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In order for aesthetic surgery to participate in the movement toward evidence-based medicine, a system that quantifies aesthetic outcomes must be developed based on reliable and reproducible data. Previous studies have investigated the attractiveness of averaged (or composite) faces. Data has shown that thes...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1090820X10369370
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Perioperative hyperglycemia is a well-known risk factor for surgical morbidity such as wound healing, infection, and prolonged hospitalization. This association has been reported for a number of surgical subspecialties, including plastic surgery. Specialty-specific guidelines have become increasingly available in the ...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/asj/sjw064
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Although many patients who undergo reduction mammaplasty are obese, reports on whether obesity is a risk factor for postoperative complications have been conflicting. Objectives:This systematic literature review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the relationship between obesity and surgical complications ...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1093/asj/sjw189
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Transgender patients may seek nonsurgical methods for facial masculinization and feminization as an adjunct or alternative to undergoing surgical procedures. OBJECTIVES:The authors reviewed the existing literature regarding this topic and provided an overview of nonsurgical techniques for facial masculiniza...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/asj/sjy253
更新日期:2019-04-08 00:00:00
abstract::Arm contour improvement is a desired goal of the massive weight loss and the aging population who want to maintain the arm aesthetics. Brachioplasty is a growing and safe procedure to improve the arm contour and different approaches and innovative treatment options have been described since the 1930s. This paper revie...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/asj/sjx218
更新日期:2018-07-13 00:00:00
abstract::The author presents guidelines and new instruments for transplanting autologous fat. He describes this procedure as effective, predictable, and reliable when performed with careful donor-zone preparation, atraumatic fat extraction, anaerobic sterility, and precise placement in a properly prepared receiving zone. (Aest...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1067/maj.2003.44
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was designed to evaluate the short- and long-term histologic consequences of some common skin resurfacing methods. Grids were tattooed on the sides of a Yucatan minipig, the standard model for human skin experiments. Each grid cell was treated with one of the following: Jessner's solution, lactic acid, glyc...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1090-820x(98)80018-6
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is limited evidence available in literature with regard to the complication profile of mastectomy and immediate prosthetic reconstruction in augmented patients. OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to compare postoperative complications between women with versus withou...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/asj/sjab028
更新日期:2021-01-22 00:00:00
abstract::Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL)-a new category of anaplastic large cell lymphoma associated with textured breast implants-has a distinct variation in incidence and is especially rare in Asia. We report the first case of BIA-ALCL in Korea and present its histological and genetic char...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/asj/sjaa398
更新日期:2020-12-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Nanofats could improve photoaging. Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) may play pivotal roles. However, SVFs and ADSCs in nanofats processed by conventional methods cannot be enriched. Some researchers have found that after centrifugation, the SVF/ADSC density increases fro...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/asj/sjz066
更新日期:2019-10-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Excessive concavity of the lower lateral crura can cause significant aesthetic problems for the nasal tip and can be associated with significant functional problems, such as insufficiencies in the external nasal valve. OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to develop a novel technique for the improvement of ...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/asj/sjaa018
更新日期:2020-09-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Injections are associated with a certain amount of pain, the tolerance of which can vary between individuals. With regard to noninvasive pain control techniques in subcutaneous injections, few studies with adequate levels of evidence and design quality exist to support any specific analgesic method. OBJECTI...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/asj/sjz380
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Labiaplasty has become an increasingly popular procedure. However, the psychological outcomes of this procedure, such as the effects on women’s sex lives and psychological well-being, have received little attention from researchers to date. In addition, the investigation of factors which predict satisfaction...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/asj/sjw190
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Low satisfaction rates and severe complications are two major limitations for temporal hollowing augmentation using autologous fat grafting. Despite fat compartments in temporal region have been reported, its clinical applied anatomy for fat grafting have not been the subject of studies that show its benefit...
journal_title:Aesthetic surgery journal
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/asj/sjw257
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00