Abstract:
:Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) is among the leading chemical causes of occupational asthma world-wide, however, the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis remain unclear. This study tests the hypothesis that glutathione (GSH) reacts with MDI to form quasi-stable conjugates, capable of mediating the formation of MDI-conjugated "self" protein antigens, which may participate in pathogenic inflammatory responses. To test this hypothesis, an occupationally relevant dose of MDI (0.1%w/v) was reacted with varying concentrations of GSH (10μM-10mM), and the reaction products were characterized with regard to mass/structure, and ability to carbamoylate human albumin, a major carrier protein for MDI in vivo. LC-MS/MS analysis of GSH-MDI reaction products identified products possessing the exact mass of previously described S-linked bis(GSH)-MDI and its partial hydrolysis product, as well as novel cyclized GSH-MDI structures. Upon co-incubation of GSH-MDI reaction products with human albumin, MDI was rapidly transferred to specific lysines of albumin, and the protein's native conformation/charge was altered, based on electrophoretic mobility. Three types of modification were observed, intra-molecular MDI cross-linking, addition of partially hydrolyzed MDI, and addition of "MDI-GSH", where MDI's 2nd NCO had reacted with GSH's "N-terminus". Importantly, human albumin carbamoylated by GSH-MDI was specifically recognized by serum IgG from MDI exposed workers, with binding dependent upon the starting GSH concentration, pH, and NaCl levels. Together, the data define a non-enzymatic, thiol-mediated transcarbamoylating mechanism by which GSH may promote immune responses to MDI exposure, and identify specific factors that might further modulate this process.
journal_name
Chem Biol Interactjournal_title
Chemico-biological interactionsauthors
Wisnewski AV,Liu J,Redlich CAdoi
10.1016/j.cbi.2013.06.005keywords:
["Albumin","Carbamoylation","Exposure","GSH","GSSG","Glutathione (GSH)","HDI","MDI","MDI(∗)","Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI)","TDI","hexamethylene diisocyanate","methylene diphenyl diisocyanate","oxidized glutathione","partially hydrolyzed methylene diphenyl diisocyanate","reduced glutathione","toluene diisocyanate"]subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-09-05 00:00:00pages
38-45issue
1eissn
0009-2797issn
1872-7786pii
S0009-2797(13)00144-0journal_volume
205pub_type
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