Abstract：
:Myopenia or muscle wasting due to ageing, chronic disease, and various medical interventions has been associated with increased mortality, morbidity, and poorer physical function. Attempts through nutrient and exercise interventions have been made to prevent this deterioration. In addition, while a measure of lean body mass (LBM) is associated with health outcomes, LBM function may be a better prognostic tool. Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids (LCn-3s) are nutrients that may mitigate LBM losses in noncancer populations. The purpose of this review is to determine whether LCn-3s have a role in LBM sparing in noncancer populations, to establish a minimum dose and duration of LCn-3s that will result in LBM change, and to summarise the potential effects of LCn-3s on LBM function when combined with an anabolic stimulus. Overall, in noncancer populations, LCn-3s have limited utility in sparing LBM during energy balance, energy restriction, or in conjunction with aerobic exercise. Further investigations are required to determine the appropriate dose and duration of LCn-3s for optimal LBM function. Finally, compelling evidence exists for LCn-3s in conjunction with an anabolic stimulus to improve LBM function and quality. Functionality of LBM tissue is an important outcome for population health, and LCn-3s show some promise, albeit pending further study.
journal_name
Can J Physiol Pharmacoljournal_title
Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacologyauthors
McDonald C,Bauer J,Capra Sdoi
10.1139/cjpp-2012-0304subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-06-01 00:00:00pages
459-68issue
6eissn
0008-4212issn
1205-7541journal_volume
91pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Neonatal hyperthyroidism (NH) in the rat is associated with permanent reductions in serum thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations in the adult, changes suggestive of a hypothyroid state. In the adult NH rat, the thyrotroph appears to be more sensitive to the feedback...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1139/y85-188
更新日期：1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Visual acuity was measured behaviorally in various groups of cats by using a two-choice discrimination procedure. Cats in group 1 were rendered strabismic soon after birth by sectioning the tendon of the lateral rectus muscle (unilateral esotropia); at adulthood, their visual acuity (VA) was evaluated, after which the...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1139/y95-195
更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pulmonary vascular resistance in a peripheral portion of the pulmonary vascular bed can be determined with a catheter wedged in a peripheral branch of the pulmonary artery, from the pressure increase induced by infusion of mixed venous blood at known flow rates. The volume of the wedged vascular bed can be estimat...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A simple method using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was developed to determine a low concentration of ethanol in urine. The detection limit was 0.02 mM ethanol. A mean +/- SD ethanol concentration in urine of 0.21 +/- 0.17 mM was measured in 11 alcoholics after 14 days abstention, a level at least 10 times high...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1139/y87-193
更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inorganic vanadium has been shown, both in vivo and in vitro, to have insulin-mimetic properties. A new organic vanadium complex, bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) (BMOV), was developed to increase the absorption of vanadium from the gastrointestinal tract, thereby reducing the dose of vanadium necessary to produce glucos...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1139/y93-041
更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Clonidine was administered to isolated guinea pig right atria in order to characterize its chronotropic activity and its interaction with other chronotropic agents at the postjunctional level. Clonidine either had no significant effect (10(-7)--10(-4) M) or decreased (10(-3) M) atrial rate. Pretreatment of the atria w...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1139/y80-006
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Spironolactone is a diuretic steroid which is capable of blocking the binding of aldosterone to its cytosol receptor at the distal convoluted tubule. In addition, it has been shown that spironolactone is a strong inhibitor of steroidogenesis. More recently, new aldosterone antagonists have been discovered. Some of the...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of various doses of i.p. injection of the adenosine receptor agonist (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA), ranging from nanomolar to micromolar concentrations, on plasma levels of free fatty acids, glucose, insulin, glucagon, ACTH, and corticosterone was examined in 200-g male rats. At the lowest dose of R-...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1139/y94-018
更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), prostacyclin (PGI2), and endothelin-1 (ET-1) was measured from endothelial cells (EC) cultured from either bovine vena cava (BVCEC) or bovine aorta (BAEC). EDRF release was determined by using the superfusion bioassay technique, whereas ET-1 and PGI2 were meas...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1139/y92-088
更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this study was to explore the action of angiotensin II (AII) on cardiac contractility and cyclic AMP (cAMP) generation by forskolin and isoproterenol in the hypertrophic myocardium of the salt-sensitive Dahl rat. Inbred Dahl S and Dahl R rats that had been on a diet supplemented with 6% NaCl were stud...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1139/y94-086
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In vivo activation of calorigenesis in rat brown adipose tissue (BAT), whether mediated by noradrenaline (NA) released at sympathetic nerve terminals in BAT during cold exposure or by systemically infused NA, is associated with large increases in blood flow (Q) to satisfy the tissue's O2 requirements. The calorigenic ...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1139/y80-215
更新日期：1980-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sequestration of nitric oxide (NO) by subcellular fractions isolated from bovine pulmonary arterial medial layer (BPA) and rabbit platelets (RP) was studied utilizing a novel chemiluminescence--headspace gas technique. Sequestration in all fractions was similarly rapid (5 min) and remained constant for at least 30 min...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1139/y93-142
更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rats received a daily injection of 2, 6, or 12 mg kg-1 bethanechol for 7 or 14 days. Pancreatic weight and content of protein, amylase, and chymotrypsinogen were increased in a dose and time dependent fashion by bethanechol. After 14 days of treatment with the highest dose, pancreatic weight and total pancreatic DNA c...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1139/y82-123
更新日期：1982-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of two structurally similar pyrazine derivatives, tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) and tetraethylpyrazine (TEP) on the contractile responses of dog saphenous vein to KCl (via membrane depolarization), phenylephrine (PHE, alpha 1-adrenergic agonist), and B-HT 920 (alpha 2-adrenergic agonist) were investigated. The...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1139/y91-173
更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study was to investigate whether pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) can modify norepinephrine (NE) release in response to pancreatic nerve stimulation in anesthetized dogs. Plasma catecholamine concentrations in aortic and superior pancreaticoduodenal (SPD) venous blood were determi...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1139/cjpp-76-7-8-788
更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to characterize the biological activity of the synthetic rat growth hormone releasing factor analogue rGRF(1-29)NH2 and to compare its action on growth hormone (GH) release to that of authentic rGRF(1-43)OH. We first compared the concentration-response characteristics of the two peptides ...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1139/y91-026
更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Type 1 diabetes mellitus reduces lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in the heart. The diabetic phenotype of decreased LPL activity in freshly isolated cardiomyocytes persisted after overnight culture (16 h). Total cellular LPL activity was 311+/-56 nmol oleate released x h(-1) x mg(-1) cell protein in diabetic cultured...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Endothelin-1 has emerged as an important participant in the pathophysiology of a variety of cardiovascular diseases, where it may act on endocrine, paracrine and autocrine bases. Here we review its regulated biosynthesis, receptor-mediated signaling, and functional consequences in the heart, with particular emphasis o...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1139/y05-002
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is defined as the failure of normal pulmonary vascular relaxation at birth. Hypoxia is known to impede postnatal disassembly of the actin cytoskeleton in pulmonary arterial myocytes, resulting in elevation of smooth muscle α-actin and γ-actin content in elastic a...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1139/cjpp-2014-0413
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Excitation-contraction coupling in crab muscle fibers was studied in voltage-clamp conditions. Extracellular calcium is essential for the mechanical activity. Two calcium influxes induced by membrane depolarization contribute to tension development: one is the inward calcium current responsible for the phasic tension,...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1139/y87-110
更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Muscle pain and poor sleep commonly occur together. Whether pain induces poor sleep or vice versa is difficult to know. Muscle pain is also observed in the presence of some types of dyskinesia or movement disorders. The interaction between sleep, movement disorders, and some musculoskeletal pain appears to be complex ...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1139/y91-101
更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to compare the specific cortisol-binding protein found associated with human amnion with specific cortisol binding in human amniotic fluid and plasma. The electrophoretic mobility on polyacrylamide gels of the specific cortisol binding in amnion, amniotic fluid, and maternal plasma was id...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1139/y87-010
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Investigation of the relationship of diet to blood lipids and atherosclerosis has dominated the field of lipid nutritional biochemistry for the past 25 years. Although this subject has consumed considerable time, effort, and research funds, it has also proved beneficial to other areas of lipid biochemistry by attracti...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1139/y83-040
更新日期：1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We previously reported that calpain, the Ca2+-sensitive cysteine protease, gets involved in atherogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of calpain inhibitor I (CAI, 5 mg/kg per day) with or without NG-nitro-l-arginine-methyl ester (l-NAME) (100 mg/kg per day), the inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1139/cjpp-2016-0652
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pial arteriolar diameter changes inversely with changes in systemic arterial blood pressure. Such changes are consistent with autoregulatory functions. These responses are reduced by a brief period of hypoxia followed by reoxygenation. By using an open cranial window preparation we assessed the changes in pial arterio...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1139/y89-067
更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effects of pomegranate (Punica granatum) juice (PGJ) on oxidative damages in liver tissue and erythrocytes of rats intoxicated by sodium fluoride (NaF). Rats were randomly divided into two groups: group I received standard diet and group II received orally ...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1139/cjpp-2015-0226
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Single-channel recordings from central neurons of the helix snail, Cepaea nemoralis, revealed two types of channels that could be activated by stretch (i.e., by the membrane deformation produced when suction is applied to the patch pipette). One, a K+ channel (58 pS in physiological solution), was evident in excised a...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1139/y92-025
更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Infarct-like lesion induced by isoprenaline is a well-known model to study myocardial infarction (MI). Vitamin D has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Recent studies highlighted cross talk between vitamin D and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ). The present study was...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1139/cjpp-2016-0150
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Isoprenaline and forskolin both inhibit contractions induced by antigen or by the calcium ionophore A23187 of guinea pig tracheal spirals and parenchymal strips. Antigen-induced airway contraction is considerably more sensitive to the inhibitory effects of isoprenaline than is A23187-induced contraction. In contrast, ...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1139/y83-089
更新日期：1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present experiments were designed to evaluate vascular reactivity to angiotensin II in rats with experimental cirrhosis of the liver (induced with CCl4 and phenobarbital) before ascites appearance. The systemic pressor response to angiotensin II in conscious animals and the contractile effect of angiotensin II in ...
journal_title：Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1139/y89-243
更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00
