Abstract：
:The surgical correction of post-traumatic enophthalmos is among the most challenging problems for the surgeon. A thorough understanding of orbital anatomy and the purposed mechanisms of enophthalmos is crucial to the ultimate success or failure of the procedures. The successful orbital reconstruction begins with a careful physical examination of the patient that is attentive to ocular function, soft-tissue position, and visible or palpable defects of the facial skeleton. The physical examination combined with thin section CT scanning in the axial and coronal planes provides the basis of the operative plan. The anatomy of the deformity should dictate the anatomy and shape in the surgical correction. In many cases, multiple surgical incisions will be required; therefore, care must be taken to maximize exposure and minimize the cosmetic problems associated with large incisions. We advocate a step-wise approach consisting of mobilization of the soft tissues in the area of the fracture, repositioning of the anterior and middle sections of the bony orbit, and reattachment of the soft tissue to the bone at the proper location. The approach to reconstruction of the bony orbit that we advocate is to first sequentially reposition each segment of the rim, carefully examining each articulation. Once rim reconstruction is complete, reconstruction of the internal wall is performed. Recall that the largest source of error is in inadequate reduction of the orbital rim, owing to the fact that this error is "squared" (according to the model) in the computation of the orbital volume. Through the application of these principles, the cosmetic and functional sequelae of post-traumatic enophthalmos can be improved greatly with minimal complications.
journal_name
Clin Plast Surgjournal_title
Clinics in plastic surgeryauthors
Grant MP,Iliff NT,Manson PNsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-07-01 00:00:00pages
539-50issue
3eissn
0094-1298issn
1558-0504journal_volume
24pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Surface aesthetics of an attractive nose result from certain lines, shadows, and highlights with specific proportions and breakpoints. Analysis emphasizes geometric polygons as aesthetic subunits. Evaluation of the complete nasal surface aesthetics is achieved using geometric polygons to define the existing deformity ...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cps.2015.09.004
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article presents the author's experience using the Tanzer technique with modifications. Included also are changes in technique based on results from long-term follow-up studies. ...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have presented the evolution of our current methods of breast reconstruction, which utilize the tissue expander in a variety of ways. We strongly support the concept that expansion should occur in the subcutaneous layer of the lower thoracic region. It is, after all, the region occupied by a mature breast that has ...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Energy-based noninvasive surgical tools can be used for ablative bio-stimulation (eg, collagen production) or tissue restructuring functions (eg, tightening or lifting) and are the subject of this review. The authors present the various methods and tools for noninvasive cosmetic surgery (ultrasound, radiofrequency, cr...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cps.2012.07.008
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The two stage principle is one of the most important features of the procedure. It allows starting the operation at a very early stage (one to six months). The donor area in the periphery is very well supplied, therefore as many facial fascicles as necessary can be sacrificed on the healthy side. We have never noticed...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study used stromal vascular fraction gel (SVF-gel), a mechanically processed fat-derived product, to treat eye bag and tear trough deformity. SVF-gel is prepared by a process of centrifugation and intersyringe shifting and is particularly rich in SVF cells and native adipose extracellular matrix. SVF-gel injectio...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cps.2019.09.001
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Over the past several years, there has been a tremendous growth and interest in buttocks augmentation in the United States. Surgical techniques have evolved over time to correct anatomical deficiencies and fulfill patient requests, including silicone implant placement (subcutaneous, intramuscular, submuscular, and sub...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cps.2006.04.005
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The conspicuously high rate of BCC in the population mandates that clinicians have a clear understanding of the tumor's patterns of presentation and behavior. Goals of any form of treatment include establishment of the proper diagnosis and eradication of the lesion with a reasonable aesthetic result. ...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Over the past 3 years the authors have used modified minimally invasive endoscopic techniques in the surgical correction of craniosynostosis. For selected patients, these techniques offer an alternative to traditional techniques, minimizing postoperative morbidity and the need for cranial banding. Long-term follow-up ...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cps.2004.03.007
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Total mastectomy is an effective operation for patients who are candidates for a prophylactic mastectomy. This operation removes a larger percentage of breast tissue than subcutaneous mastectomy. The cosmetic results of total mastectomy with immediate reconstruction compare favorably with those of subcutaneous mastect...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Endoscopic evaluation of the patient with head and neck cancer is important in the precise diagnosis and staging of the disease, as well as in ruling out synchronous disease. Various types of instruments and techniques may be employed in this evaluation. Endoscopic surgery for malignant disease may play a role in the ...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Treacher Collins syndrome is a complex congenital malformation. The most important manifestations of this syndrome are hypoplastic or absent malar bone, centrofacial over-projection, eyelid coloboma, and micrognathia. This article presents an approach to re-establish the right centrofacial proportions through "flatten...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cutaneous infections are common occurrences in clinical practice. Plastic surgeons need to recognize the varied presentations of cutaneous infections because they may mimic cutaneous malignancies or be a harbinger of underlying disease. We have reviewed the diagnosis and management of some of the more common bacterial...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Proper care of the patient with a vascular anomaly requires the expertise of multiple specialists. Because of the need for an interdisciplinary approach, several vascular anomalies centers have now been developed across the world. A hematologist/oncologist provides clinical acumen in establishing a correct diagnosis a...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cps.2010.08.002
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As endoscopic techniques made inroads into surgery, one of the first procedures they were adapted to by plastic surgeons was the forehead lift. The "closed" forehead lift procedure has since achieved wide acceptance and exists as a viable alternative to open procedures for many patients. Experience has shown, however,...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cps.2008.02.002
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The key to the correction of severely deviated noses is straightening the nasal septum. An emphasis is placed on conservative management of the external nasal framework while being prepared to perform extensive surgery on the deviated septum. If the septum can be modified and repositioned in the midline without losing...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The concept of female beauty has changed throughout time, but the form and size of the breasts and gluteal region have remained constant as symbols of maximum femininity. Sculptures and prints show us feminine figures that are voluminous and reflect human history's interest in fertility. The early years of gluteal aug...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cps.2006.04.003
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Experimental and clinical cases document that the omentum and jejunum can be harvested successfully as a free flap using laparoscopic assistance. Our gross and microscopic findings attest to the viability of this approach. If the omentum is not needed in it entirety, one can safely custom design the free flap to match...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The armamentarium of the modern breast surgeon includes the time-tested procedures of modified radical mastectomy and lumpectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy with postoperative radiation, but has evolved to include several options that produce excellent oncologic endpoints and improved cosmesis. These options inclu...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cps.2017.07.002
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The early experience of hand transplantation has yielded a mixture of successes and failures. No life-threatening adverse effects have been encountered from immunosuppression, yet additional medications were required in some cases with unknown long-term efficacy or side effects. Limited functional returns have been ob...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cps.2005.05.005
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Face transplantation can provide improved quality of life to patients with extensive burn injuries. Facial vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) offers a new paradigm of treatment options, serving as a powerful reconstructive tool to restore facial form and function. Although currently facial VCA patients m...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cps.2017.05.017
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The most common complication of blepharoplasty is an unnatural distortion of the lower eyelid. Identification of the underlying anatomic deformities dictates the reconstructive procedures. Emphasis is placed on utilization of the dermal-orbicular pennant lateral canthoplasty. ...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The goal in breast reduction surgery is to reduce volume but at the same time to maintain circulation, sensation and breast feeding potential. A dermoglandular or central pedicle is the most likely to achieve all three. The superior pedicle is reserved mainly for very small reductions or mastopexies, but the author st...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0094-1298(02)00004-4
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Because the chin, like the nose, occupies a prominent position in the face, it must also be assessed in planning any changes in the facial profile. For example, a large nose associated with a microgenia does not appear as large when the chin is augmented. A chin increased in the vertical dimension confers an excessive...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Autologous breast reconstruction has become increasingly popular in the past several years as more experience has been gained in the various techniques. Advantages to autologous reconstruction include improved shaping and symmetry, which also allow for a more natural reconstruction. The transverse rectus abdominis myo...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The age and general condition of the patient, size and shape of the remaining breast, various risk factors such as the histologic type of carcinoma, and family history are all critical in governing the definitive management of the remaining breast during postmastectomy breast reconstruction. The philosophy, timing, an...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fat grafting is as a unique regenerative filler with soluble factors and progenitor cells that may remodel scar tissue in an easy yet effective way. A combination of microfat grafting, lipococoncentrate injection, scar subcision, and platelet-rich plasma supplementation may be used to treat the majority of facial scar...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cps.2019.08.010
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article presents a contemporary overview of tip suturing and tip structural grafting techniques used to refine the wide nasal tip. Previous reductive techniques have proved to produce unnatural results over time. It is imperative to correctly evaluate the nose and assess all possible pitfalls during the preoperat...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cps.2015.09.013
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many large-diameter myelinated axons in spinal dorsal roots contain carbonic anhydrase activity, whereas few small-diameter ventral root axons stain for this enzyme. This differential localization of carbonic anhydrase in sensory and motor nerve fibers is indicative of the potential of carbonic anhydrase histochemistr...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The primary goal of engineering cartilage as a therapeutic approach is to restore the physiological conditions of an affected or defective tissue in the body. Cartilage tissue is distributed widely in the human body and possesses an organization related to the specific demand of a particular anatomical region. In sele...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0094-1298(03)00070-1
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
