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Temperature, nitrogen dioxide, circulating respiratory viruses and acute upper respiratory infections among children in Taipei, Taiwan: a population-based study.

Abstract：

OBJECTIVE:This study investigated whether outpatient visits of acute upper respiratory infections for children aged less than 15 years are associated with temperature, air pollutants and circulating respiratory viruses in Taipei, Taiwan, from 2003 to 2007. METHODS:Outpatient records for acute upper respiratory infections (ICD9 CM codes: 460, 462, 463,464, 465.9 and 487) in a randomly selected sample (n=39,766 children in 2005) was used to estimate the cumulative relative risks (RR) associated with average temperature lasting for 8 days (lag 0-7 days), air pollutants (NO2, O3 and PM(2.5)) lasting for 6 days (lag 0-5 days), and virus-specific positive isolation rate lasting for 11 days (lag 0-10 days) using distributed lag non-linear models after controlling for relative humidity, wind speed, day of week, holiday effects and long-term trend. RESULTS:Average temperature of 33 °C was associated with the lowest risk for outpatient visits of acute upper respiratory infections. Relative to 33 °C, cumulative 8-day RR was highest at 15 °C of ambient average temperature [RR=1.94; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.78, 2.11]. With the first quartile as reference, cumulative 6-day RRs were 1.25 (95% CI: 1.21, 1.29) for NO2, 1.04 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.06) for O3, and 1.00 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.03) for PM(2.5) at the 95th percentile. Per-standard deviation (SD) increase of virus-specific isolation rate for influenza type A (SD=13.2%), type B (SD=8.76%), and adenoviruses (SD=5.25%) revealed statistical significance for overall 11-day RRs of 1.02 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.03), 1.05 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.06) and 1.04 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.05), respectively. CONCLUSIONS:Current study suggested a positive association between outpatient visits for acute upper respiratory infections and ambient environment factors, including average temperature, air pollutants, and circulating respiratory viruses.

journal_name

Environ Res

journal_title

Environmental research

authors

Lin YK,Chang CK,Chang SC,Chen PS,Lin C,Wang YC

doi

10.1016/j.envres.2012.09.002

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2013-01-01 00:00:00

pages

109-18

eissn

0013-9351

issn

1096-0953

pii

S0013-9351(12)00275-7

journal_volume

120

pub_type

杂志文章

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Temperature, nitrogen dioxide, circulating respiratory viruses and acute upper respiratory infections among children in Taipei, Taiwan: a population-based study.