Abstract：
:A number of new biological markers are being studied as predictors of disease or adverse medical events among those who already have a disease. Systematic reviews of this growing literature can help determine whether the available evidence supports use of a new biomarker as a prognostic test that can more accurately place patients into different prognostic groups to improve treatment decisions and the accuracy of outcome predictions. Exemplary reviews of prognostic tests are not widely available, and the methods used to review diagnostic tests do not necessarily address the most important questions about prognostic tests that are used to predict the time-dependent likelihood of future patient outcomes. We provide suggestions for those interested in conducting systematic reviews of a prognostic test. The proposed use of the prognostic test should serve as the framework for a systematic review and to help define the key questions. The outcome probabilities or level of risk and other characteristics of prognostic groups are the most salient statistics for review and perhaps meta-analysis. Reclassification tables can help determine how a prognostic test affects the classification of patients into different prognostic groups, hence their treatment. Review of studies of the association between a potential prognostic test and patient outcomes would have little impact other than to determine whether further development as a prognostic test might be warranted.
journal_name
J Gen Intern Medjournal_title
Journal of general internal medicineauthors
Rector TS,Taylor BC,Wilt TJdoi
10.1007/s11606-011-1899-ysubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-06-01 00:00:00pages
S94-101eissn
0884-8734issn
1525-1497journal_volume
27 Suppl 1pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:People with type 2 diabetes often experience two common mental health conditions: depression and diabetes distress. Both increase a patient's risk for mortality, poor disease management, diabetes-related complications, and poor quality of life. The American Diabetes Association and the U.S. Preventive Services Task Fo...
journal_title：Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11606-018-4705-2
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Prior studies have demonstrated how price transparency lowers the test-ordering rates of trainees in hospitals, and physician-targeted price transparency efforts have been viewed as a promising cost-controlling strategy. OBJECTIVE:To examine the effect of displaying paid-price information on test-ordering r...
journal_title：Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s11606-016-3917-6
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The Veterans Access, Choice and Accountability Act (hereafter, Choice Program) seeks to improve access to care by enabling eligible Veterans to receive care from community providers. Veterans Affairs (VA) primary care providers (PCPs) play a key role in making referrals to community specialists, but their fr...
journal_title：Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11606-018-4810-2
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:I have discussed the pharmacokinetics, efficacies, and side effects of the various nonnarcotic drugs available for the treatment of patients who have headache. Sumatriptan, the newest one, is expensive but may be cost-effective for those who have failed traditional migraine treatment, who visit the ER frequently, who ...
journal_title：Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF02599185
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Opioid dependence is largely an undertreated medical condition in the United States. The introduction of buprenorphine has created the potential to expand access to and use of opioid agonist treatment in generalist settings. Physicians, however, often have limited training and experience providing this type of care. S...
journal_title：Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11606-010-1377-y
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Due to a shortage of studies focusing on older adults, clinicians and policy makers frequently rely on clinical trials of the general population to provide supportive evidence for treating complex, older patients. OBJECTIVES:To examine the inclusion and analysis of complex, older adults in randomized contro...
journal_title：Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11606-010-1629-x
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The patient-centered medical home (PCMH) is a primary care delivery model predicated on shared responsibility for patient care among members of an interprofessional team. Effective task sharing may reduce burnout among primary care providers (PCPs). However, little is known about the extent to which PCPs sha...
journal_title：Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11606-017-4188-6
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Our aim was to improve clinical reasoning skills by applying an established theory of memory, cognition, and decision making (fuzzy-trace theory) to instruction in evidence-based medicine. Decision-making tasks concerning chest pain evaluation in women were developed for medical students and internal medicine resident...
journal_title：Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1525-1497.2001.00214.x
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:High-quality communication about end-of-life care results in greater patient and family satisfaction. End-of-life discussions should occur early during the patient's disease trajectory and yet is often addressed only when patients become severely ill. As a result, end-of-life discussions are commonly initiat...
journal_title：Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11606-019-05615-1
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To develop and evaluate a web-based curriculum to introduce first year medical students to the knowledge and attitudes necessary for working with limited English proficient (LEP) patients through interpreters. METHOD:Six hundred and forty first year medical students over 4 consecutive years took this curric...
journal_title：Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1525-1497.2005.0193.x
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:One of the major factors influencing length of stay for patients with community-acquired pneumonia is the timing of conversion from intravenous to oral antibiotics. We measured physician attitudes and beliefs about the antibiotic switch decision and assessed physician characteristics associated with practice ...
journal_title：Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009599.x
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Racial disparities in hypertension control contribute to higher rates of cardiovascular mortality among blacks. Patient-physician communication quality is associated with better health outcomes, including blood pressure (BP) control. Both race/ethnicity and BP control may adversely affect communication. OBJ...
journal_title：Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s11606-009-1051-4
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Various stakeholders can have differing opinions regarding ethical review when introducing new procedures with patients. OBJECTIVE:This pilot study examines the way in which Research Ethics Boards (REBs; Institutional Review Boards) and clinical biochemists (CBs; laboratory medicine specialists) differ in t...
journal_title：Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11606-007-0410-2
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine whether the addition of Quick Medical Reference (QMR) to usual educational tools improves an intern's performance in managing clinical cases that test diagnostic and investigative skills. DESIGN:Randomized, controlled, single-blinded crossover study. SETTING:Tertiary care teaching hospital. SU...
journal_title：Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF02600304
更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To investigate the frequency of physician delivery of advice to stop smoking and patient characteristics affecting whether physicians deliver such advice, the authors surveyed 97 current cigarette smokers seen in two specialty and one general medicine clinic at a university medical center. Approximately two thirds of ...
journal_title：Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02596170
更新日期：1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Studies show that measures of physician and medical students' empathy decline with clinical training. Presently, there are limited data relating self-reported measures to observed behavior. This study explores a self-reported measure and observed empathy in medical students. METHOD:Students in the Class of 200...
journal_title：Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11606-009-1193-4
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Inappropriate antibiotic use contributes to the emergence and spread of drug resistant infections. Though injection drug users are at increased risk for drug resistant infections, few studies have examined antibiotic use in this population. OBJECTIVE:To understand patterns and determinants of antibiotic use...
journal_title：Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11606-008-0859-7
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) is a tool that facilitates the elicitation and continuity of life-sustaining care preferences. POLST was implemented in California in 2009, but how well it disseminated across a large, racially diverse population is not known and has implications for end...
journal_title：Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11606-016-3728-9
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine whether internists in the United States and China have different ideas and behaviors regarding informing patients of terminal diagnoses and HIV/AIDS, the role of the family in end-of-life decision making, and assisted suicide. DESIGN:Structured questionnaire of clinical vignettes followed by mul...
journal_title：Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1525-1497.1999.06318.x
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:For adults who stutter, communication difficulties can impact many spheres of life. Previous studies have not examined how stuttering might impact patient's experiences with the medical system. OBJECTIVE:Our objective was to understand the range and depth of experiences with the medical system among adults ...
journal_title：Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11606-015-3302-x
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:While in some studies, the patient-centered medical home has been linked with increased receipt of preventive services among other populations, there is a paucity of literature testing the effectiveness of medical homes in serving the healthcare needs of autistic adults. OBJECTIVE:To compare the receipt of ...
journal_title：Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11606-020-06513-7
更新日期：2021-01-19 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the relationship between gender, background, and brief training and physicians' detection of and treatment for woman abuse. DESIGN:Quasi-experimental and correlational designs, plus control for background factors. SETTING:Two residency training programs: general internal medicine and family practi...
journal_title：Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02599714
更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：IMPORTANCE:Patients are increasingly being given access to their test results, but little is known about how preferences vary with the test under consideration or the results of the test (normal or abnormal). OBJECTIVE:This study was conducted to examine preferences for test result communication. DESIGN, SETTING, AND...
journal_title：Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11606-015-3344-0
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Noninferiority trials are increasingly common, though they have less standardized designs and their interpretation is less familiar to clinicians than superiority trials. OBJECTIVE:To empirically evaluate a cohort of noninferiority trials to determine 1) their interpretation as recommended by CONSORT, 2) ch...
journal_title：Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11606-017-4161-4
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Changes to national guidelines for breast and cervical cancer screening have created confusion and controversy for women and their primary care providers. OBJECTIVE:To characterize women's primary health care provider attitudes towards screening and changes in practice in response to recent revisions in gui...
journal_title：Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1007/s11606-015-3449-5
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Women veterans are generally less healthy than their nonveteran female counterparts or male veterans. Accumulating evidence suggests there may be barriers to women veterans' access to and use of Veterans Health Administration (VHA) care. OBJECTIVE:To document perceived and/or actual barriers to care in a na...
journal_title：Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00370.x
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Doctor rating websites are a burgeoning trend, yet little is known about their content. OBJECTIVE:To explore the content of Internet reviews about primary care physicians. DESIGN:Qualitative content analysis of 712 online reviews from two rating websites. We purposively sampled reviews of 445 primary care ...
journal_title：Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11606-011-1958-4
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:With positive results from diabetes prevention studies, there is interest in convenient ways to incorporate screening for glucose intolerance into routine care and to limit the need for fasting diagnostic tests. OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study is to determine whether random plasma glucose (RPG) could be use...
journal_title：Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11606-008-0524-1
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:To appropriately manage uncontrolled hypertension, clinicians must decide whether blood pressure (BP) is above goal due to a need for additional medication or to medication nonadherence. Yet, clinicians are poor judges of adherence, and uncertainty about adherence may promote inertia with respect to medicati...
journal_title：Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s11606-016-3757-4
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We present a 66-year-old woman with 2 months of visual hallucinations, unintentional weight loss, and short-term memory decline, whose clinical presentation and EEG supported a diagnosis of limbic encephalitis. Subsequent evaluation for a paraneoplastic etiology revealed a renal mass, which was resected and identified...
journal_title：Journal of general internal medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11606-014-3172-7
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
