Phase-change contrast agents for imaging and therapy.

Abstract:

:Phase-change contrast agents (PCCAs) for ultrasound-based applications have resulted in novel ways of approaching diagnostic and therapeutic techniques beyond what is possible with microbubble contrast agents and liquid emulsions. When subjected to sufficient pressures delivered by an ultrasound transducer, stabilized droplets undergo a phase-transition to the gaseous state and a volumetric expansion occurs. This phenomenon, termed acoustic droplet vaporization, has been proposed as a means to address a number of in vivo applications at the microscale and nanoscale. In this review, the history of PCCAs, physical mechanisms involved, and proposed applications are discussed with a summary of studies demonstrated in vivo. Factors that influence the design of PCCAs are discussed, as well as the need for future studies to characterize potential bioeffects for administration in humans and optimization of ultrasound parameters.

journal_name

Curr Pharm Des

authors

Sheeran PS,Dayton PA

doi

10.2174/138161212800099883

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2012-01-01 00:00:00

pages

2152-65

issue

15

eissn

1381-6128

issn

1873-4286

pii

CPD-EPUB-20120123-005

journal_volume

18

pub_type

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