Abstract:
:The pivotal role of leptin in regulating body weight and energy homeostasis is very well established. More recently, leptin also emerged as an important regulator of T-cell-dependent immunity. Reduced leptin levels, as observed during periods of starvation, correlate with an impaired cellular immune response, whereby especially the T(H)1 pro-inflammatory immune response appears to be affected. Physiologically, this could reflect the high energy demand of such processes, which are suppressed in animals or people with nutrient shortage. Several autoimmune diseases are T(H)1 T-cell dependent. In line with a pro-inflammatory role for leptin, animal models of leptin deficiency are markedly resistant to a variety of T-cell dependent autoimmune diseases. Here, we review the role of leptin in immune responses, with emphasis on autoimmune diseases. The design and potential use of leptin antagonists is also discussed.
journal_name
Curr Pharm Desjournal_title
Current pharmaceutical designauthors
Peelman F,Iserentant H,Eyckerman S,Zabeau L,Tavernier Jdoi
10.2174/1381612053382070subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-01-01 00:00:00pages
539-48issue
4eissn
1381-6128issn
1873-4286journal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The incidence of diabetes has increased globally in recent years and figures of diabetic patients were estimated to rise up to 642 million by 2040. The disorder is accompanied with various complications if not managed at the early stages, and interlinked high mortality rate and morbidity with time. Different classes o...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612825666190717104547
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Post-translational modification of histones is a primary mechanism through which epigenetic regulation of DNA transcription does occur. Among these modifications, regulation of histone acetylation state is an important tool to influence gene expression. Epigenetic regulation of neurodevelopment contributes to the stru...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612811319280003
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A wide class of human diseases and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, is due to the failure of a specific peptide or protein to keep its native functional conformational state and to undergo a conformational change into a misfolded state, triggering the formation of fibrillar cross-β s...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612822666160518141911
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The prevalence of obesity is increasing globally. Rational perioperative anesthetic drug selection and administration require knowledge of how obesity interacts with those drugs. In this review, we summarize different aspects of the anesthetic agents, including pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD) and clinical...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612825666190628161206
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:According to the World Health Organization (WHO), diabetes mellitus is considered the 7th leading cause of death as of 2016, while almost half of all deaths related to high blood glucose occur before the age of 70. According to the 2019 American Diabetes Association's (ADA) guidelines, metformin is the first...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1381612826666200408095310
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has high mortality partly due to acquiring drug resistance during chemotherapy treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the underlying mechanism of drug resistance. METHODS:We used 2-DE and MALDI-TOF-MS analysis to explore the possible molecular insight into 5-FU resis...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/138161282001140113125143
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Donkey's milk is the best substitute of human milk for its content in lactose, proteins, minerals, and omega-3 fatty acids. Here, we have evaluated the effects of colostrum and milk from donkeys (Martina Franca breed) on the function of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at different intervals from lacta...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/138161207783018590
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a multi-functional cytokine that regulates a variety of signaling pathways implicated in inflammation, immunity, cell death (apoptosis), cell survival (anti-apoptosis), and even tumorigenesis. TNF-α is predominantly produced by macrophages (or Kupffer cells within the liver), but...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/13816128113199990587
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::No-reflow, i.e., the lack of distal myocardial perfusion to fully recover following recanalization of an acutely occluded coronary artery, is not only a mere consequence of ischemic injury, as substantial microvascular alterations may also develop subsequently, after initial restoration of perfusion. Since part of per...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/13816128113199990357
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alcohol dependence is a major disease burden of adults in modern society worldwide. There is no cure for alcohol dependence. In this study, we have examined the molecular targets of ethanol-induced toxicity in humans based on a systematic review of literature data and then discussed current and potential therapeutic t...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161210791034030
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurodegenerative disorders are one of the most critical public health concerns of our times. Regrettably, therapeutic interventions currently available have shown only partial benefits to patients affected by one of these disorders. Although the important advances made during the last decades, several questions regar...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612822666151223103038
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are chronic relapsing conditions resulting from immune system activity in a genetically predisposed individual. IBD is based on progressive damage to the inflamed gut tissue. As its pathogenesis remains unknown, recent accumu...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1381612826666200406081920
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The survival of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension is closely related with right ventricular function. During the progression of right ventricular remodeling, energetic metabolism shifts from oxidative mitochondrial metabolism to glycolysis. In normal physiological conditions, cardiomyocytes use major sourc...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612822666160614082712
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lipid markers are well established predictors of vascular disease. The most frequently measured lipid variables are total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. In this review we consider the predictive value of these variables and other more specialis...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612054367409
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gene delivery, a process of introducing foreign functional nucleic acids into target cells, has proven to be a very promising tool for inducing specific gene expression in host cells. Many different technologies have been developed for efficient gene delivery. Among them, electroporation has been adopted in gene deliv...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612821666151027152121
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammatory and infectious diseases include many different clinical conditions not often well recognised and characterized with conventional radiology and biochemical tests. Radiological techniques (TC, MRI, US) show anatomical changes that usually occur in chronic stages of the disease leading to a delayed diagnosis...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/13816128113196660666
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cellular uptake of therapeutic oligonucleotides and subsequent intracellular trafficking to their target sites represents the major technical hurdle for the biological effectiveness of these potential drugs. Accordingly, laboratories worldwide focus on the development of suitable delivery systems. Among the different ...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161208786898806
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Humans have always lived with tubercle bacilli. Host susceptibility both inherited and acquired determines whether an individual infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis will eventually fall ill and develop tuberculosis (TB). After infection with M. tuberculosis, a latent TB infection may ensue reflected by immune r...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161211797470228
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is a high rate of benzodiazepine use in the population. Benzodiazepines are used for multiple indications (anxiety, seizures, alcohol withdrawal, muscular relaxation and anesthesia). Benzodiazepines are also addictive substances and a non-negligible fraction of regular users will develop dependence. There is cur...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612821666150619092039
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many plant species and tissues have been investigated as production and delivery vehicles for recombinant pharmaceutical proteins. Examples include cultured cells, whole aquatic plants and transgenic plants expressing recombinant proteins in their leaves, seeds, fruits or tubers/roots. Each platform has unique propert...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612811319310005
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) is a member of the bone morphogenic protein (BMP) family and plays critical roles in organ development processes including bone, cartilage, ligament, and joint formation. GDF5 is expressed in the cartilage primordium in the early limb development, and in the interzone of joint fo...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612811319190003
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The last decades have witnessed an explosion in studies of the role of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the progress of the neurodegenerative disorder Alzheimer's disease (AD) and it is now widely accepted that Aβ is related to the pathogenesis of AD. For example, studies have shown that Aβ is neurotoxic and that the neurotoxicity o...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161211797416039
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::By updating John Littleton's work published 15 years ago this review summarizes recent work on pharmacodynamic aspects of acamprosate and the perspective for future developments. In addition to insights into the role of glutamatergic receptor systems, craving and relapse inspired by acamprosate, clinical research poin...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161210791516341
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reverse transcriptase (RT) is one of the most important targets for HIV drug discovery. However, the emergence of resistant mutants has become one of the biggest challenges in HIV-1 RT drug discovery/development and attracted great research interests worldwide. It is particularly important to develop novel anti-HIV-1 ...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161282005140214163439
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microdialysis is a technique for sampling the chemistry of the interstitial fluid of tissues and organs in animal and man. It is minimally invasive and simple to perform in a clinical setting. Although microdialysis samples essentially all small molecular substances present in the interstitial fluid the use of microdi...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612043384105
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The so-called demographic transition has changed the age structure of the population worldwide, with profound effects on societal organization. The growing number and percentage of old and very old people has compelled the scientific community to focus on age related diseases and peculiar consequences of aging itself ...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161206777947533
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been widely used as a target for novel anticancer agents, such as blocking antibodies and small molecular weight tyrosine kinase compounds. In spite of recent advances in cancer cell biology, leading to the introduction of clinically active new drugs, such as cetuximab, ...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161207782360564
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Urological cancer refers to cancer in organs of the urinary system and the male reproductive system. It mainly includes prostate cancer, bladder cancer, renal cancer, etc., seriously threatening patients' survival. Although there are many advances in the treatment of urological cancer, approved targeted therapies ofte...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612826666200403131514
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sex-dependent differences are frequently observed in the biological and behavioural effects of substances of abuse, including cannabis. We recently demonstrated a modulating effect of sex and oestrous cycle on cannabinoid-taking and seeking behaviours. Here, we investigated the influence of sex and oestrogen in the re...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/13816128113199990430
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::High molecular weight kininogen (HK) is a plasma protein that is cleaved by plasma kallikrein in the clinical settings of sepsis and chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease. This proteolytic event results in a nonapeptide, bradykinin (BK), and a kinin-free derivative of HK, namel...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161206777698710
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00