Abstract：
:Kinetochores are large macromolecular assemblies that link chromosomes to spindle microtubules (MTs) during mitosis. Here we review recent advances in the study of core MT-binding kinetochore complexes using electron microcopy methods in vitro and nanometer-accuracy fluorescence microscopy in vivo. We synthesize these findings in novel three-dimensional models of both the budding yeast and vertebrate kinetochore in different stages of mitosis. There is a growing consensus that kinetochores are highly dynamic, supra-molecular machines that undergo dramatic structural rearrangements in response to MT capture and spindle forces during mitosis.
journal_name
Curr Opin Struct Bioljournal_title
Current opinion in structural biologyauthors
Alushin G,Nogales Edoi
10.1016/j.sbi.2011.07.009subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-10-01 00:00:00pages
661-9issue
5eissn
0959-440Xissn
1879-033Xpii
S0959-440X(11)00133-3journal_volume
21pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Recent years have seen a rapid increase in structural information on proteins implicated in bacterial pathogenesis. The different modes by which bacteria establish contact with their host tissues are exemplified by the structures of bacterial adhesins in complex with their cognate host receptor. A more detailed struct...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2004.03.004
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The first high-resolution structure of a P-type ATPase, that of the Ca(2+)-ATPase of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum, was published in 2000. This structure has provided many clues to how the Ca(2+)-ATPase might work, but no complete answers. The Ca(2+)-ATPase structure reveals no clear pathway from the cytoplas...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-440x(02)00360-3
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recently, new methods for determining time-evolving structures using infrared analogs of NMR spectroscopy have been introduced that have outstanding potential in structural biology. Already, within the past two years, structures of dipeptides, tripeptides and pentapeptides have been determined on much faster timescale...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-440x(00)00243-8
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The winged helix proteins constitute a subfamily within the large ensemble of helix-turn-helix proteins. Since the discovery of the winged helix/fork head motif in 1993, a large number of topologically related proteins with diverse biological functions have been characterized by X-ray crystallography and solution NMR ...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-440x(99)00057-3
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A coherent view of the structure and function of DNA polymerase processivity factors (sliding clamps and clamp loaders) is emerging from recent structural studies. Crystal structures of sliding clamps from the T4 and RB69 bacteriophages, and from an archaebacterium expand the gallery of ring-shaped processivity factor...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-440x(02)00313-5
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The radical intermediates generated during the catalytic cycles of adenosylcobalamin-dependent enzymes occur in pairs. The positions of radicals residing on the cofactor, substrate or protein, relative to the position of the low-spin Co(2+) from the cob(II)alamin intermediate, can be extracted from electron paramagnet...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2003.10.011
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The RNA exosome participates in the degradation and processing of a wide range of RNA molecules. Recent advances in understanding how the exosome is organized and functions largely stem from structural studies. Crystal structures of archaeal exosomes bound to RNA and of the corresponding nine-subunit human exosome cor...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2008.10.004
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The past year has witnessed a tremendous increase in our understanding of the structures and interactions of the GTPases. The highlights include crystal structures of G alpha subunits, as well as the first complex between a GTPase (Rap1A) and an effector molecule (c-Raf1 Ras-binding domain). In the field of elongation...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0959-440x(95)80015-8
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Here we review mechanisms of protein evolution leading to structural changes in protein complexes. These mechanisms include mutations directly within protein interfaces, as well as the effects of mutations that propagate from distant regions of the protein. We also discuss the constraints protein complex structures im...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2013.07.004
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The structure of tubulin has recently been determined by electron crystallography, paving the way for a clearer understanding of the unique properties of tubulin that allow its varied functions within the cell. Some of the ongoing work on tubulin can be interpreted in terms of its structure, which can serve to guide f...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-440x(98)80099-7
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Carbohydrate microarray technologies are new developments at the frontiers of glycomics. Results of 'proof of concept' experiments with carbohydrate-binding proteins of the immune system - antibodies, selectins, a cytokine and a chemokine - and several plant lectins indicate that microarrays of carbohydrates (glycocon...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2003.09.002
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There has been significant recent progress in the computational design of protein interactions including the creation of novel heterodimers, homodimers, nanohedra, fibril caps and a protein crystal. Essential to these successes has been the use of innovative strategies for finding binding modes that are achievable, th...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2013.04.010
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The encounter complex of two proteins is a dynamic intermediate state that guides proteins to their binding site, thus enhancing the rate of complex formation. It is particularly useful for complexes that must balance a biological requirement for high turnover with the need for specific binding, such as electron trans...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2013.07.009
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Force can drive conformational changes in proteins, as well as modulate their stability and the affinity of their complexes, allowing a mechanical input to be converted into a biochemical output. These properties have been utilised by nature and force is now recognised to be widely used at the cellular level. The effe...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2015.02.001
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The eukaryotic genome is hierarchically packaged into chromatin in the nucleus. The organization and dynamics of 30-nm chromatin fibers, which is typically regarded as the secondary structure of chromatin, play a crucial role in regulating DNA accessibility for gene expression. Here we reviewed some recent progresses ...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2016.01.013
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Structural modeling of a cell is an evolving strategic direction in computational structural biology. It takes advantage of new powerful modeling techniques, deeper understanding of fundamental principles of molecular structure and assembly, and rapid growth of the amount of structural data generated by experimental t...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2019.03.012
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Jumonji-C (JmjC) subfamily of 2-oxoglutarate (2OG)-dependent oxygenases are of biomedical interest because of their roles in the regulation of gene expression and protein biosynthesis. Human JmjC 2OG oxygenases catalyze oxidative modifications to give either chemically stable alcohol products, or in the case of Nɛ...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2016.05.013
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Synapses are cell adhesion structures specialized for signal transmission between neurons. At the synapse, presynaptic and postsynaptic terminals of neurons are functionally connected but spatially separated and form a cleft. Membrane receptor-like cell adhesion molecules and secreted proteins in the synaptic cleft (s...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2019.01.001
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cells are equipped with cosolvents that modulate protein folding and aggregation to withstand water stress. The effect of cosolvents on the aggregation rates depends on whether the polypeptide sequence is an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) or can fold into a specific native structure. Cosolvents, which act as d...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2019.12.011
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The torque-generating, direction-reversing switch proteins of the bacterial flagellar rotary motor form a cytoplasmic extension of the bacterial flagellar basal body. 10 A maps, obtained by electron cryomicroscopy, of the bacterial filament reveal an unusual alpha domain which forms the protein-subunit export channel....
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0959-440x(95)80074-3
更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dynamin is an important component of membrane recycling at the plasma membrane and, potentially, within the cell. The role of dynamin in clathrin-mediated endocytosis has been based on numerous endocytosis assays, as well as on the discovery and gross characterization of the assembled spiral structure of dynamin. Rece...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0959-440X(99)80036-0
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The annotation of protein function at genomic scale is essential for day-to-day work in biology and for any systematic approach to the modeling of biological systems. Currently, functional annotation is essentially based on the expansion of the relatively small number of experimentally determined functions to large co...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2005.05.010
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Molecular dynamics simulation studies of protein-nucleic acid complexes are more complicated than studies of either component alone-the force field has to be properly balanced, the systems tend to become very large, and a careful treatment of solvent and of electrostatic interactions is necessary. Recent investigation...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2007.12.012
更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:While there have been impressive advances in understanding protein folding over the past few decades, we are still far from the goal of solving the protein folding problem: predicting the folding pathway and final structure entirely from the amino acid sequence. One reason for this shortcoming may be the lack of under...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2012.10.003
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cohesin-Dockerin interactions are at the core of cellulosomal assembly and organization. They are highly specific and form stable complexes, allowing cellulosomes to adopt distinct conformations. Each cellulosomal system seems to have a particular organizational strategy that can vary in complexity according to the na...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2018.03.012
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRps) of the segmented double-stranded (ds) RNA viruses of the Reoviridae family exhibit distinguishing structural elements, enabling the enzymes to function within the confines of a proteinaceous core particle. These globular, cage-like polymerases are traversed by four well-defined tu...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2009.10.007
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Histones are highly positively charged proteins that wrap our genome. Their surface properties also make them prone to nonspecific interactions and aggregation. A class of proteins known as histone chaperones is dedicated to safeguard histones by aiding their proper incorporation into nucleosomes. Histone chaperones f...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2011.10.003
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cells have evolved intricate ways to propagate signals through signaling networks rich in crosstalks between signaling pathways and feedforward and feedback loops. The enzymatic products of phosphorylation-dependent signaling, namely phosphopeptides, can be identified and quantified systematically by mass spectrometry...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2016.07.008
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Malaria remains the world's most prevalent human parasitic disease. Because of the rapid spread of drug resistance in parasites, there is an urgent need to identify diverse new drug targets. One group of proteases that are emerging as targets for novel antimalarials are the metalloaminopeptidases. These enzymes cataly...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2013.07.015
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Directed evolution is widely used to improve enzymes, particularly for industrial biocatalytic processes. Molecular biology advances present many new strategies for directed evolution. Commonly used techniques have led to many successful examples of enzyme improvement, yet there is still a need to improve both the eff...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2011.05.003
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
