Subclinical thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy.

abstract：:It is a commonly held belief that labor induction increases the risk of cesarean delivery; women who are induced are at higher risk of cesarean as compared with those in spontaneous labor. This comparison group is inaccurate, however, as women and providers cannot choose spontaneous labor as the alternative to labor i...

journal_title：Clinical obstetrics and gynecology

authors： Little SE,Caughey AB

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Physicians caring for women with diseases of the breast are well aware of the time lost before many patients consult their physicians. Nowhere is this more apparent than when a breast mass is associated with gestation or lactation. Enlargement of the breast tends to obscure parenchymal masses. Those that are found are...

journal_title：Clinical obstetrics and gynecology

authors： Canter JW,Oliver GC,Zaloudek CJ

更新日期：1983-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The addition of the human papillomavirus vaccination and the 2006 national guidelines for the management of abnormal cervical cytology have led to significant changes in the management of cervical disease among adolescents. This article reviews recommendations for prevention, screening, diagnosis, and management of ce...

journal_title：Clinical obstetrics and gynecology

authors： Guido R

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most operative office surgery can be done easily. If, midway through a procedure in the office, the operator finds that a myoma is too large or deep to resect safely in the office, the procedure can be terminated and rescheduled for the operating room. Polyps, retained products, and the lost intrauterine device all ca...

journal_title：Clinical obstetrics and gynecology

authors： Gimpelson RJ

更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Influenza infection during pregnancy imparts disproportionate morbidity and mortality. This has been primarily noted during occasional influenza pandemics but also during seasonal epidemics. The majority of pregnant women who contract influenza appear to have a mild, self-limited course. However, influenza produces a ...

journal_title：Clinical obstetrics and gynecology

authors： Beigi RH

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Using oral agents for induction of labor would reduce the need for repeated vaginal examinations; this is more acceptable to women and could reduce infection rates. A systematic review was conducted of 41 randomized trials comparing oral misoprostol to other induction agents. Oral misoprostol is effective at achieving...

journal_title：Clinical obstetrics and gynecology

authors： Weeks A,Alfirevic Z

更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1. The use of ultrasound may improve perinatal outcome in twin pregnancy. 2. Singleton growth curves for FL, BPD, and AC may be used to assess fetal growth prior to 28 weeks gestation. 3. After 28 weeks gestation, specific twin growth curves should be used. However, increased morbidity may be seen when fetal weight fa...

journal_title：Clinical obstetrics and gynecology

authors： D'Alton ME,Mercer BM

更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) impairs insulin secretion in humans and in animal models of IUGR. Several underlying mechanisms have been implicated, including decreased expression of molecular regulators of β-cell mass and function, in some cases shown to be due to epigenetic changes initiated by an adverse fe...

journal_title：Clinical obstetrics and gynecology

authors： Gatford KL,Simmons RA

更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In selected patients who are hemodynamically stable with an unruptured tubal pregnancy, systemic methotrexate has success rates comparable to laparoscopic salpingostomy. Larger randomized studies are necessary to adequately assess subsequent fertility. Local injection of methotrexate or other agents requires a sonogra...

journal_title：Clinical obstetrics and gynecology

authors： Namnoum AB

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Information generated from the various tests of fetal well-being must be interpreted correctly to avoid unnecessary intervention for assumed fetal distress. This applies to both the intrapartum and antenatal period. The presence of normal data (e.g., reassuring fetal heart rate tracing) allows the woman to continue co...

journal_title：Clinical obstetrics and gynecology

authors： Nageotte MP

更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Abdominal myomectomy and hysterectomy remain the traditional treatment of large symptomatic uterine myomas. The preoperative indications for abdominal myomectomy or hysterectomy must be clearly evaluated and delineated avoid unnecessary intervention. There appears to be an increasing trend toward expectant management ...

journal_title：Clinical obstetrics and gynecology

authors： Guarnaccia MM,Rein MS

更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Direct electronic urethrocystometry simultaneously records pressures in the bladder, proximal urethra, and abdomen in a patient at rest and under stress while the bladder fills with urine. It documents the presence or absence of detrusor contractions and is an essential part of the evaluation of patients with detrusor...

journal_title：Clinical obstetrics and gynecology

authors： Hurt WG,Fantl JA

更新日期：1978-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Infection remains a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Those entities that are most likely to threaten the life of the pregnant woman have been reviewed. Although intrapartum and postpartum pelvic infections consitute the majority such serious infections in pregnancy, attention has also been called to se...

journal_title：Clinical obstetrics and gynecology

authors： Schwarz RH,Fruiterman JP

更新日期：1976-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The application of real-time imaging to the study of fetal morphology and function is an exciting advance. Rapid accurate study of fetal dynamics is possible with this apparently safe, noninvasive technique. Animal studies have revealed the general physiology of fetal breathing movements, which are now under extensive...

journal_title：Clinical obstetrics and gynecology

authors： Fox HE,Hohler CW

更新日期：1977-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ovarian neoplasms are common in women of all ages. As many as 10% of women in the United States will undergo surgical removal of an adnexal mass sometime in their lifetime. Gynecologic surgeons have pioneered laparoscopic surgery, developing what was originally a diagnostic tool into a safe and effective approach to m...

journal_title：Clinical obstetrics and gynecology

authors： Hilger WS,Magrina JF,Magtibay PM

更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Unlike urinary incontinence (UI) in younger women, UI in older women is usually multifactoral in etiology and involves factors beyond the more common types of lower urinary tract (LUT) pathophysiology associated with UI in younger women. The evaluation and management of UI in older women, therefore, must itself be mul...

journal_title：Clinical obstetrics and gynecology

authors： DuBeau CE

更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The vaginal contraceptive ring is comprised of ethinyl vinyl acetate that releases ethinyl estradiol and the third-generation progestin, etonorgestrel. It was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2001. The vaginal contraceptive ring is highly efficacious with a Pearl Index of 1.18 and an efficacy of 99.1%. ...

journal_title：Clinical obstetrics and gynecology

authors： Madden T,Blumenthal P

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A comprehensive knowledge of the boundaries, contents, and interactions between surgical spaces is essential to safely and effectively perform mesh-augmented prolapse repairs and anti-incontinence procedures. This knowledge is also critical when managing intraoperative and postoperative complications such as bleeding,...

journal_title：Clinical obstetrics and gynecology

authors： Corton MM

更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Placental lesions identified in cases of stillbirth are of clinical interest and are frequently invoked as having a causal role. However, most of the placental changes found in stillbirth are also seen in liveborn pregnancies, and are of uncertain pathogenetic significance. Much of the literature addressing placental ...

journal_title：Clinical obstetrics and gynecology

authors： Pinar H,Carpenter M

更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Causative factors in cerebral palsy (CP) vary to some degree according to gestational age group and clinical CP subtype. Such catastrophes of birth as placental abruption, cord prolapse, and uterine rupture sharply heighten risk of CP. These conditions are fortunately uncommon, and are sometimes not survived; individu...

journal_title：Clinical obstetrics and gynecology

authors： Nelson KB

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ethics in reproductive genetics comprise descriptive ethics and normative ethics. Ethical problems before prenatal diagnosis involve genetic counseling and informed consent for the choice patients must make. Prenatal diagnosis using amniocentesis is controversial. An international survey of geneticists showed that ...

journal_title：Clinical obstetrics and gynecology

authors： Fletcher JC,Evans MI

更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The development of the fetal adrenal medulla can be considered an integral part of the complex process of maturation and preparation of the fetus for extrauterine life. Our understanding of the fetal sympathoadrenal function is facilitated by the relative separation that exists between the maternal and fetal catechola...

journal_title：Clinical obstetrics and gynecology

authors： Artal R

更新日期：1980-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Physicians and other health care providers requesting dual-energy x-ray bone density studies must be able to critically review and interpret such studies. This requires an understanding of the computerized result components of the studies and how such data can be applied in clinical practice. The timing and interpreta...

journal_title：Clinical obstetrics and gynecology

authors： Bonnick SL

更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There are many problems in the diagnosis and treatment of vaginitis. Often, the patient is not examined (telephone treatment) or examined improperly with lack of attention to the wet prep. In patients with recurrent vaginitis, it should not be assumed that the current infection is the same as a previous infection with...

journal_title：Clinical obstetrics and gynecology

authors： Haefner HK

更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of this review was to assist obstetricians and gynecologists in considering the most appropriate conservative treatment option to manage women with placenta accreta spectrum according to their individual need and local expertise of the heath care team. The issue is challenging, as the quality of evidence w...

journal_title：Clinical obstetrics and gynecology

authors： Sentilhes L,Kayem G,Silver RM

更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The appearance of the female external genitalia is key for understanding and diagnosing many diseases that women of all ages encounter. Alas, the normal appearance of the vulva is an elusive concept, scarcely represented in textbooks, and the growing number of vulvar cosmetic surgery calls for a review of the normal a...

journal_title：Clinical obstetrics and gynecology

authors： Cohen Sacher B

更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review provides an evidence-based approach to the management of fetal growth restriction (FGR). The management consists of the following components: appropriate fetal surveillance, timely intervention, and selective etiological management. Umbilical arterial (UA) Doppler sonography is the primary test. Supplement...

journal_title：Clinical obstetrics and gynecology

authors： Maulik D

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:State Perinatal Quality Collaboratives (PQCs) represent a major advance for scaling up quality improvement efforts for reducing maternal mortality and severe maternal morbidity. The critical roles of partners, rapid-cycle low-burden data systems, and linkage to maternal mortality review committees are reviewed. The ch...

journal_title：Clinical obstetrics and gynecology

authors： Main EK

更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Diagnosis of the cause of pruritus in a pregnant patient should be approached systematically, beginning with a detailed history (especially drug exposure) and physical examination. Systemic diseases must be excluded. Liver function tests and hepatitis screen are in order if symptoms suggest liver dysfunction. Stool ex...

journal_title：Clinical obstetrics and gynecology

authors： Dacus JV

更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The pharmacology and potential uses of RU-486, the only anti- progesterone to reach clinical trials, including luteolytic, abortifacient, menstrual regulator, postcoital contraceptive, oral contraceptive and other uses, are reviewed. RU-486 acts on the progesterone receptors in the endometrium, specifically the decid...

journal_title：Clinical obstetrics and gynecology

authors： Spitz IM,Bardin CW

更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00