Abstract：
BACKGROUND:Many new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have become available in recent years. Investigations of prescription patterns and exposure of AEDs to different patient groups are important regarding drug safety aspects. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of AEDs in epilepsy, with focus on exposure of AEDs, gender and age differences and changes in prescription patterns over time. METHOD:The data consisted of all prescriptions of AEDs from Norwegian pharmacies from the Norwegian Prescription Database (NorPD) (2004-2009), which included 44,000-47,000 patients with epilepsy each year. Variables included age, sex, diagnosis-related reimbursement codes and the use of AEDs (defined daily doses (DDDs)). RESULTS:Twenty two AEDs were in use. There were pronounced age- and gender differences regarding the use of AEDs in epilepsy. The most commonly used drugs were valproate and lamotrigine in children, carbamazepine and lamotrigine in adults, and carbamazepine and phenobarbital in the elderly. Lamotrigine and topiramate were predominantly used in female, and valproate and carbamazepine were predominantly used in male patients, respectively. Eighteen percent used polytherapy with AEDs. Of patients using lamotrigine, 14% received different generic preparations, in spite of the policy of restricted generic substitution. The use of AEDs in 2009 was 6.6 DDDs/1000 inhabitants/day, 49% of the use covered newer AEDs. CONCLUSION:The use of AEDs in epilepsy (2004-2009) was investigated in detail. All AEDs showed pronounced age and gender differences. Newer AEDs covered 49% of the total use in 2009. The study contributes to pharmacovigilance, as it offers a basis of knowledge for national decision-making authorities in the field of drug utilization.
journal_name
Epilepsy Resjournal_title
Epilepsy researchauthors
Landmark CJ,Fossmark H,Larsson PG,Rytter E,Johannessen SIdoi
10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2011.02.012subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-06-01 00:00:00pages
51-9issue
1-2eissn
0920-1211issn
1872-6844pii
S0920-1211(11)00050-7journal_volume
95pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Studying infantile spasms is challenging because there are so many aspects of variation that introduce potential bias. These might relate to the many underlying etiologies, and variations in clinical semiology and electroencephalographic features that relate more to age or timing of investigation than to the underlyin...
journal_title：Epilepsy research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2006.01.017
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:This was the first proof of principle clinical trial assessing the efficacy and safety of rufinamide as adjunctive therapy in epileptic patients. The pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of rufinamide was also determined. METHODS:Fifty patients with diagnoses of partial or primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures w...
journal_title：Epilepsy research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0920-1211(00)00185-6
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:We investigated the semiology of focal onset bilateral motor (convulsive) seizure (FBMS) in patients with intractable focal epilepsy who underwent epilepsy surgery to understand its value in localizing the origin of the seizure. METHODS:The study included 20 patients who underwent resective surgery after int...
journal_title：Epilepsy research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2021.106553
更新日期：2021-01-07 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To identify predictors of seizure-outcome after epilepsy surgery and validate the findings in an independent series of patients. To use the results to develop a predictive model. METHODS:Sequential patients undergoing resective surgery for medically intractable epilepsy were identified at Yale New Haven Hospit...
journal_title：Epilepsy research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0920-1211(97)00083-1
更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study intends to identify factors that predict postoperative clinical outcome in patients with gangliogliomas (GG) and dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors (DNT). We evaluated the medical records of 45 patients with GG and 13 patients with DNT, treated surgically between 1985 and 1995. We assessed sever...
journal_title：Epilepsy research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0920-1211(00)00208-4
更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dichotic word listening asymmetries are thought to be useful in predicting side of temporal lobe dysfunction. However, little direct evidence exists to support this assumption in practice, especially in patients with subtle epileptogenic lesions. To determine if word listening ear asymmetries are valid predictors of s...
journal_title：Epilepsy research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0920-1211(94)90025-6
更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of magnesium-free medium on electrical and CaM kinase II activity in the rat hippocampal slice was examined. Experimental slices were incubated in 2 mM Mg, then exposed to magnesium-free medium for 1 h. Control slices were concurrently run in 2 mM Mg. Slices were then frozen and CaM kinase II activity was m...
journal_title：Epilepsy research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0920-1211(91)90054-j
更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Epilepsy is associated with an increased mortality. This study estimates the effects of co-morbid disorders on short-term and long-term mortality and presents cause-specific mortality for children and young adults with epilepsy. METHODS:We established a population-based cohort of 1,855,946 children born in Den...
journal_title：Epilepsy research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2015.05.001
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Jasmine flowers and leaves are used extensively in folk medicine in different parts of the world to treat a variety of diseases. However, there are very few published reports on the neuropsychiatric effects of Jasmine extracts. Hence, the objectives of the present study were to examine the effects of an alcohol extrac...
journal_title：Epilepsy research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2017.02.012
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Levetiracetam (LEV), a newer antiepileptic drug (AED) useful for several epilepsy syndromes, binds to SV2A. Identifying genetic variants that influence response to LEV may allow more tailored use of LEV. Obvious candidate genes are SV2A, SV2B and SV2C, which encode the only known binding site, synaptic vesicle protein...
journal_title：Epilepsy research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2008.09.003
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Multiple forms of the ketogenic diet (KD) have been successfully used to treat drug-resistant epilepsy, however its mainstream use as a first-line therapy is still limited. Further investigation into its clinical efficacy as well as the molecular basis of activity is likely to assist in the reversal of any resistance ...
journal_title：Epilepsy research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2011.04.017
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inflammatory mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Vice versa, immune functions are regulated by the brain. We measured postictal changes in serum levels of the immuno-modulating cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNFalpha in patients with well-defined temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and determined modifying...
journal_title：Epilepsy research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2009.05.009
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of repetitive administration of naloxone on the development of massed amygdaloid kindling in 'encéphale isolé' cats was studied. Electrical amygdaloid kindling was carried out with a 15 min inter-stimulus interval (ISI) in a control situation with intravenous (i.v.) naloxone administration (2, 4, and 8 mg/k...
journal_title：Epilepsy research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0920-1211(89)90058-2
更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To describe the use of a population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model incorporating weight and ontogeny to identify effective clobazam (CLB) dosing for use in a clinical trial in pediatric patients with Dravet syndrome. METHODS:Pharmacokinetic data were combined from 3 CLB trials (OV-1012, OV-1017, and study 301...
journal_title：Epilepsy research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2019.106182
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study investigated whether pharmacological stimulation of the GABAergic system can affect attention. The effects of vigabatrin, a novel antiepileptic drug, on the performance of rats in a 5-choice serial reaction time task assessing selective attention were studied. The effects of acute (100, 300, 500 and ...
journal_title：Epilepsy research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0920-1211(92)90057-z
更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was planned so as to evaluate whether magnetic field exposure has any significant effect on the pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizures. Mice were exposed to 50 Hz, 2 G (0.2 mT) magnetic field in glass cages for 1 h. Sham exposure was produced by turning off the current while the animals were in the same e...
journal_title：Epilepsy research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0920-1211(00)00193-5
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The potential clinical efficacy of tiagabine for control of status epilepticus was evaluated in an experimental model. Tiagabine was administered to cobalt-lesioned rats in which status epilepticus was induced by injection of homocysteine thiolactone. Tiagabine was effective in controlling status epilepticus in this m...
journal_title：Epilepsy research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0920-1211(94)90067-1
更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ring chromosomes are rare chromosome disorders that arise usually de novo. Children with ring chromosome 6 have a wide range of intellectual functioning and congenital anomalies. We report an epileptic case of a 10-year-old boy to be mild psychomotor retardation and dysmorphic traits including microcephaly, brachyceph...
journal_title：Epilepsy research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2008.03.020
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:We investigated long term prognosis of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) with active application of recent advanced treatment modalities such as ketogenic diet (KD) or epilepsy surgery (ES). METHODS:We retrospectively evaluated 68 patients with LGS, aged 18-35 years. We assessed seizure outcomes for a range of the...
journal_title：Epilepsy research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2014.11.004
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ideal proof-of-principle study design provides a strong efficacy signal over the shortest duration, while exposing the fewest patients possible. Data from a large database (Pfizer Inc) which studied add-on pregabalin for the treatment of partial seizures was used to model how duration of baseline, post-randomizati...
journal_title：Epilepsy research
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2013.04.008
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The anticonvulsant effects of melatonin (MT) have been demonstrated in several different experimental seizure models. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the anticonvulsant efficacy of MT, the optimum time for its administration prior to the induction of a seizure, and its effective dose in a rat mo...
journal_title：Epilepsy research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2015.11.004
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the agreement between magnetoencephalography (MEG) and intracranial electroencephalography (ICEEG) results, to determine the characteristics that lead to concordance, and to assess how these factors relate to favorable epilepsy surgery outcome. MATERIALS:This retrospective study reviewed 50 pati...
journal_title：Epilepsy research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2014.08.016
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Valproate is used widely for the treatment of epilepsy but has been associated with hyperandrogenism, hyperinsulinemia, and dyslipidemia. The mechanism for these associations is unknown, but they have been hypothesized to be secondary to valproate-associated weight gain. This study was conducted to test the ...
journal_title：Epilepsy research
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/s0920-1211(03)00085-8
更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In control rats, we examined the effects of ketogenic diet on NKCC1 and KCC2 expression levels in hippocampus. Neither the number of NKCC1 immunoreactive cells nor the intensity of labeling of KCC2 was found to modify in hippocampus of the rats after ketogenic diet treatment. These results indicate that ketogenic diet...
journal_title：Epilepsy research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2011.05.017
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topiramate (TPM) as adjunctive therapy in children, adolescents and young adults with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS). We performed a prospective open label add-on study in 45 patients (age 4-34 years, mean 15.9 years) with LGS and refractory seizures. ...
journal_title：Epilepsy research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0920-1211(02)00103-1
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hippocampal Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is proposed as an experimental treatment for refractory epilepsy, but the optimal stimulation parameters are undetermined. High frequency hippocampal DBS at 130Hz is effective in both animals and patients with epilepsy. Low frequency stimulation (approximately 5Hz) is assumed t...
journal_title：Epilepsy research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2009.11.014
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cooling has been shown to terminate experimentally induced epileptiform activity in models of epilepsy without causing injury to the cooled brain, suggesting that cooling could represent an approach to seizure control in intractable focal epilepsies. Here we sought to determine the most effective way to apply cooling ...
journal_title：Epilepsy research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2006.05.001
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Plasma total homocysteine (p-tHcy), serum folate (s-F), serum vitamin B-12 (s-B12) and plasma pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (p-PLP) were measured in epileptic children before and after a 20-week period of sodium valproate (group A, n=32) and carbamazepine (group B, n=20) monotherapy. P-tHcy significantly increased in both gr...
journal_title：Epilepsy research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2006.06.015
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:In Rasmussen syndrome (RS), in addition to the predominant involvement of cytotoxic T cells, heterogeneous autoantibodies against neural molecules are also found, but their function has not been elucidated. We examined antibodies to N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) type glutamate receptor (GluR) subunits (GluN2B &...
journal_title：Epilepsy research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2015.03.004
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alterations in the level of consciousness may render the interpretation of the memory test results from the intracarotid amobarbital procedure difficult. The present study was designed to investigate the impact of inattention and somnolence on memory performance during the Amytal test. Nineteen consecutive patients un...
journal_title：Epilepsy research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0920-1211(92)90079-9
更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00
