Abstract:
:The aim of this review is to provide a thorough overview of the health effects from the complexed biomagnified mixture of long-range transported industrial organochlorines (OCs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) and mercury (Hg) on polar bear (Ursus maritimus) health. Multiple scientific studies of polar bears indicate negative relationships between exposure to these contaminants and health parameters; however, these are all of a correlative nature and do not represent true cause-and-effects. Therefore, information from controlled studies of farmed Norwegian Arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) and housed East and West Greenland sledge dogs (Canis familiaris) were included as supportive weight of evidence in the clarification of contaminant exposure and health effects in polar bears. The review showed that hormone and vitamin concentrations, liver, kidney and thyroid gland morphology as well as reproductive and immune systems of polar bears are likely to be influenced by contaminant exposure. Furthermore, exclusively based on polar bear contaminant studies, bone density reduction and neurochemical disruption and DNA hypomethylation of the brain stem seemed to occur. The range of tissue concentration, at which these alterations were observed in polar bears, were ca. 1-70,000 ng/g lw for OCs (blood plasma concentrations of some PCB metabolites even higher), ca. 1-1000 ng/g lw for PBDEs and for PFCs and Hg 114-3052 ng/g ww and 0.1-50 microg/g ww, respectively. Similar concentrations were found in farmed foxes and housed sledge dogs while the lack of dose response designs did not allow an estimation of threshold levels for oral exposure and accumulated tissue concentrations. Nor was it possible to pinpoint a specific group of contaminants being more important than others nor analyze their interactions. For East Greenland polar bears the corresponding daily SigmaOC and SigmaPBDE oral exposure was estimated to be 35 and 0.34 microg/kg body weight, respectively. Furthermore, PFC concentrations, at which population effect levels could occur, are likely to be reached around year 2012 for the East Greenland polar bear subpopulation if current increasing temporal trends continue. Such proposed reproductive population effects were supported by physiological based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling of critical body residues (CBR) with risk quotients >or=1 for SigmaPCB, dieldrin, SigmaPFC and SigmaOHC (organohalogen contaminant). The estimated daily TEQ for East Greenland polar bears and East Greenland sledge dogs were 32-281-folds above WHO SigmaTEQ guidelines for humans. Compared to human tolerable daily intake (TDI), these were exceeded for PCBs, dieldrin, chlordanes and SigmaHCH in East Greenland polar bears. Comparisons like these should be done with caution, but together with the CBR modelling and T-score estimations, these were the only available tools for polar bear risk evaluation. In conclusion, polar bears seem to be susceptible to contaminant induced stress that may have an overall sub-clinical impact on their health and population status via impacts on their immune and reproductive systems.
journal_name
Environ Intjournal_title
Environment internationalauthors
Sonne Cdoi
10.1016/j.envint.2010.03.002subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-07-01 00:00:00pages
461-91issue
5eissn
0160-4120issn
1873-6750pii
S0160-4120(10)00035-8journal_volume
36pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Since 2002, the chemical/petrochemical industrial zone of Tarragona County (Catalonia, Spain) is being annually monitored. As part of the environmental surveillance program, in this study the levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated naph...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2008.06.001
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, PM2.5 (atmospheric fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm) have received so much attention that the observations, source appointment and countermeasures of it have been widely studied due to its harmful impacts on visibility, mood (mental health), physical health, traffic safety, construc...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2015.10.016
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aims of this study are to explore metal contamination in food with respect to variations in: i) the levels found over a period of eleven months and/or ii) by food types; and iii) to report patterns in reporting between countries. The frequencies of reported cases of metal ion contamination were < or = 25% of total...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2009.05.003
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The occurrence of viable but non-culturable (VBNC) bacteria will result in significant underestimation of viable bacterial counts in drinking water. Whereas, much is unknown in characterizing their viability. In this study, two environmental isolates (Aeromonas sp. and Pseudomonas sp.) and two model strains (E. coli a...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.077
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Perfluorinated alkyl acids (PFAAs) are emerging environmental contaminants. Possible health effects for humans include increased risk for cancer but the knowledge is limited. In this study serum concentrations of certain perfluorinated sulfonates (PFHxS and PFOS) and carboxylates (PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, PFUnDA) were analyz...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2013.10.005
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present work aimed to discuss the enantiomeric occurrence of chiral pharmaceuticals including 5 parent compounds (PCs) metoprolol, propranolol, atenolol, venlafaxine and fluoxetine as well as 6 of their transformation products (TPs) in surface water in Beijing. Among which, 9 out of 11 were detected during the two...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.105657
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/DFs) have been unintentionally produced and emitted from the lifecycle of products containing brominated flame retardants, such as polybrominated diphenyl ether, which is suspected to cause developmental neurotoxicity (DNT). Although it is plausible that PBDD/DF...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.105833
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are potential persistent organic pollutants which have raised many concerns in recent years. Research focusing on children exposure to PBDEs is important but insufficient. The levels and patterns of PBDEs in children's plasma from Dalian, China were studied for the first time. Se...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2009.10.009
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Based on a theoretical revision of the social vulnerability concept, this article proposes a scheme of vulnerability indicators within the human environment focused on different aetiology risks. An adaptation of this generic scheme of vulnerability factors is set for the specific field of aquifer contamination risk, a...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2008.08.005
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Substance abuse during pregnancy is an important public health issue affecting the mother and the growing infant. Preterm labor, miscarriage, abruption and postpartum hemorrhage are obstetric complications which have been associated with women who are dependent on abused substances. Moreover, women are also at an incr...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2013.01.011
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The COVID-19 pandemic placed public health measures against infectious diseases at the core of global health challenges, especially in cities where more than half of the global population lives. SARS-CoV-2 is an exposure agent recently added to the network of exposures that comprise the human exposome, i.e. the totali...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.106246
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bisphenol-A (BPA) is one of the highest volume chemicals produced worldwide, with over 6billion pounds produced and over 100t released into the atmosphere each year. Recent extensive literature has raised concerns about its possible implication in the etiology of some human chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, ...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2013.12.007
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Studies of air pollution exposure and arterial stiffness have reported inconsistent results and large studies employing the reference standard of arterial stiffness, carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity (CFPWV), have not been conducted. AIM:To study long-term exposure to ambient fine particles (PM2.5), proxi...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.060
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE) is a13-nation study of long-term health effects of air pollution based on subjects pooled from up to 22 cohorts that were intended for other purposes. Twenty-five papers have been published on associations of various health endpoints with long-term expos...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2016.11.028
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND AIMS:Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has been linked to the onset of cardiovascular, endocrine, and metabolic diseases, but no conclusive evidence has been provided so far. A chemical factory produced PCBs from 1938 to 1984 in Brescia (North Italy) resulting in environmental contamination an...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.022
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ecotoxic activity of soils polluted with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and heavy metals (HM) was evaluated in pot and laboratory experiments. Plants and soil microorganisms were chosen as test organisms and six different soil materials were used in the study. The applied levels of HM and PAH were aimed to refl...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0160-4120(02)00117-4
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiologic studies have revealed higher concentrations of the metabolites of phthalic acid esters (mPAEs) in patients with type 2 diabetes. On the other hand, oxidative stress, adiponectin, and inflammatory cytokines play important roles in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. However, little informa...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.09.002
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seaweed has a long-associated history of use as a supplemented livestock feed, providing nutrients and vitamins essential to maintaining animal health. Some species of seaweed, particularly the fucoids, are well-known accumulators of the metalloid arsenic (As). Arsenic toxicity to humans is well established even at lo...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2018.05.032
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to surface ozone (O3), which is influenced by emissions of precursor chemical species, meteorology and population distribution, is associated with excess mortality and respiratory morbidity. In this study, the EMEP-WRF atmospheric chemistry transport model was used to simulate surface O3 concentrations at 5km...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2013.09.010
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Because of its benefits to soil and crops, sewage sludge application on agricultural soils is a managing practice of increasing use. However, this practice may lead to contamination of the food chain, especially by persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The main objective of this study was to integrate probabilistic mu...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2010.04.015
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is becoming increasingly clear that the genetic diversity and abundance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in non-clinical settings has been underestimated and that the environment plays an integral role in enabling the development of AMR. Due to specific demographic and environmental factors the Gulf Cooperation Co...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2018.06.030
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens, isolated from petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil was examined for its ability to utilize a variety of hydrocarbon substrates. Surface tension measurements indicated the production of biosurfactant during the microbial degradation of hydrocarbon. The organism utilized both shor...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0160-4120(01)00021-6
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aquatic, amphibious, and terrestrial organisms in or around a pond that was contaminated by e-waste were collected and persistent halogenated organic pollutants (HOPs) for these species were analyzed. Based on the stable isotope and dietary composition, the aquatic and terrestrial food webs and several insect-dominate...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.105674
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anaerobic digestion (AD) of organics is a challenging task under high-strength sulfate (SO42-) conditions. The generation of toxic sulfides by SO42--reducing bacteria (SRB) causes low methane (CH4) production. This study investigated the feasibility of alleviating sulfide inhibition and enhancing CH4 production by usi...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.105503
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Common or short ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) is an annual herb belonging to the Asteraceae family that was described by Carl Linnaeus in the 18th century. It is a noxious invasive species that is an important weed in agriculture and a source of highly allergenic pollen. The importance placed on A. artemisiifol...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2013.08.005
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although studies in laboratory animals demonstrate neurodevelopmental deficits caused by prenatal or postnatal organophosphate pesticide (OP) exposure, there is limited evidence on effects induced by not only prenatal but also postnatal exposure of children to OPs. METHODS:We measured diethylphosphate (DE),...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.08.010
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Respirometric tests on a soil contaminated by crude oil were performed. Continuous measurements of oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations and temperature in the soil atmosphere resulted in a large volume of data. Time series and system identification theories were used to analyze data as a biological signal, allowin...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2004.09.013
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The EU directives on air quality force member states to inform the public on the status of the ambient air quality. The Internet is commonly used for this purpose and often air quality is being presented as an index ranging from good to bad. A review of existing websites and air quality indices shows that the way air ...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2007.12.011
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and the organochlorine compounds polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), DDTs, HCB, chlordane-related pesticides, HCH and toxaphene were analysed in blubber of juvenile ringed seals from Central West Greenland collected between 1982 and 2006. The longest time series could be establishe...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2007.11.004
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Small-scale geographical variation in the occurrence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) was investigated using the eggs of a terrestrial residential songbird species, the great tit (Parus major). In addition, we investigated the influence of...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2007.07.014
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00