Abstract:
:The European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE) is a13-nation study of long-term health effects of air pollution based on subjects pooled from up to 22 cohorts that were intended for other purposes. Twenty-five papers have been published on associations of various health endpoints with long-term exposures to NOx, NO2, traffic indicators, PM10, PM2.5 and PM constituents including absorbance (elemental carbon). Seven additional ESCAPE papers found moderate correlations (R2=0.3-0.8) between measured air quality and estimates based on land-use regression that were used; personal exposures were not considered. I found no project summaries or comparisons across papers; here I conflate the 25 ESCAPE findings in the context of other recent European epidemiology studies. Because one ESCAPE cohort contributed about half of the subjects, I consider it and the other 18 cohorts separately to compare their contributions to the combined risk estimates. I emphasize PM2.5 and confirm the published hazard ratio of 1.14 (1.04-1.26) per 10μg/m3 for all-cause mortality. The ESCAPE papers found 16 statistically significant (p<0.05) risks among the125 pollutant-endpoint combinations; 4 each for PM2.5 and PM10, 1 for PM absorbance, 5 for NO2, and 2 for traffic. No PM constituent was consistently significant. No significant associations were reported for cardiovascular mortality; low birthrate was significant for all pollutants except PM absorbance. Based on associations with PM2.5, I find large differences between all-cause death estimates and the sum of specific-cause death estimates. Scatterplots of PM2.5 mortality risks by cause show no consistency across the 18 cohorts, ostensibly because of the relatively few subjects. Overall, I find the ESCAPE project inconclusive and I question whether the efforts required to estimate exposures for small cohorts were worthwhile. I suggest that detailed studies of the large cohort using historical exposures and additional cardiovascular risk factors might be productive.
journal_name
Environ Intjournal_title
Environment internationalauthors
Lipfert FWdoi
10.1016/j.envint.2016.11.028subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-02-01 00:00:00pages
87-96eissn
0160-4120issn
1873-6750pii
S0160-4120(16)30904-7journal_volume
99pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Internationally publicized impacts upon human health associated with potentially harmful element (PHE) exposure have been reported amongst internally displaced populations (IDPs) in Mitrovica, Kosovo, following the Kosovan War. Particular concern has surrounded the exposure to Pb indicated by the presence of highly el...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2013.07.014
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The source and the extent of Pb pollution in the urban environment of Hong Kong were investigated at five different urban settings selected on the basis of their annual average daily traffic (AADT) varying from less than 100 to 61,700. In addition, a small distant island without any traffic was selected to establish t...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0160-4120(03)00175-2
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study focuses on characterising the risk of exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by means of inhalation in people living in the vicinity of the largest chemical production site in the Mediterranean area. Eighty-six VOCs were initially selected for this study based on their adverse environmental and healt...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2011.11.002
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cities are complex adaptive systems whose responses to policy initiatives emerge from feedback interactions between their parts. Urban policy makers must routinely deal with both detail and dynamic complexity, coupled with high levels of diversity, uncertainty and contingency. In such circumstances, it is difficult to...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2016.08.003
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nematodes represent a very abundant group of soil organisms and non-parasitic species are important for soil quality and in the soil food web. In recent years, it has been shown that nematodes are appropriate bioindicators of soil condition and they are also suitable organisms for laboratory toxicity testing. The aims...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2005.08.031
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Globally, there is increasing scientific evidence of critical links between the oceans and human health, with research into issues such as pollution, harmful algal blooms and nutritional contributions. However, Oceans and Human Health (OHH) remains an emerging discipline. As such these links are poorly recog...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.106275
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In air quality management, reducing emissions from pollutant sources often forms the primary response to attaining air quality standards and guidelines. Despite the broad success of air quality management in the US, challenges remain. As examples: allocating emissions reductions among multiple sources is complex and c...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2016.06.005
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phthalates (phthalic acid esters) have been widely applied as plasticizers. They are ubiquitous contaminants in soils, thereby posing a threat to human health. In this study, ecotoxicological effects of three typical PAEs (dimethyl phthalate-DMP, di-n-octyl phthalate-DOP and butyl benzyl phthalate-BBP) were investigat...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.074
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the wide research and application of nanomaterials in various fields, the safety of nanomaterials attracts much attention. An increasing number of reports in the literature have shown the adverse effects of nanomaterials, representing the quick development of nanotoxicology. However, many studies in nanotoxicolog...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2016.05.001
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transfer and toxic effects of two cadmium (Cd) forms, inorganic (CdCl2 dosed rat food) or organic (contaminated snail-based rat food) were studied in Wistar rat. Cd concentrations in rat food were 0 and 2.5 microg Cd g(-1) for both inorganic and organic forms and a high concentration of 100 microg Cd g(-1) was also te...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2007.09.003
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Metabolomics is a novel tool to explore the biological mechanisms of the health effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution. Very few studies have examined the urinary metabolomic changes associated with PM2.5 exposure. OBJECTIVE:To assess the alternation in urine metabolomics in response to sh...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.072
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The distribution of dissolved rare earth elements (REE) in the Rhine River, Germany, shows the anthropogenic gadolinium (Gd) microcontamination that is commonly observed in rivers in densely populated countries with a highly evolved health care system. However, the Rhine River also carries anomalously high concentrati...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2011.02.018
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fabrication of nitrogen-doped activated carbons (N-ACs) from leather solid wastes (LSW), a huge underutilized bioresource, by different activation methods was investigated. N-AC prepared by KOH activation (named KNAC) exhibited superior physical and chemical properties with much higher BET surface area (2247 m2 g-...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.105846
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The association between antibiotic use during pregnancy and neonatal birth outcomes has received considerable attention. Most of the previous assessment of antibiotic exposure during pregnancy relied on questionnaires and clinical prescriptions, and very few studies examined pregnancy exposure to antibiotics...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2018.11.053
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::To enlarge the possibilities of using organisms of the soil fauna to assess the bioaccumulative potential of chemicals, the kinetic of soil cadmium (Cd) transfer to the terrestrial gastropod Helix aspersa was investigated under laboratory conditions during a long-term experiment (6 months). During the exposure phase (...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2006.05.006
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Nantes, low-cost sensors were installed in the city center and deployed on driving school cars, ambulances and service vehicles to measure PM10 concentrations. This work aims to use the large amount of observations provided by the sensors for air quality mapping at the urban scale in order to show the potential add...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.105965
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The accumulation rates, the geochronology of metals and PAH contamination, and the Microtox toxicity are studied in five sediment cores (50 cm length) covering different areas of the Santander Bay, Northern Spain. Chronology given by (210)Pb and (137)Cs reveals significant differences in accumulation rates between sit...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2006.10.005
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years there has been an increased interest from the European Union (EU) in the development of large Human Bio-monitoring (HBM) studies across Europe, especially biomonitoring toxic metals. In Spain, most studies using hair as a biomarker have been conducted to determine occupational or industrial exposures, ...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2014.03.010
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the aftermath of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident, a research group of the Italian National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità) carried out two research programmes on maternal milk. One concerned the transfer of caesium radionuclides from the diet to breast milk. In the other, the activity ...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2011.10.010
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::For the first time, this work described pyrethroid bioaccumulation in edible river fish samples. We analyzed 42 whole fish samples collected in 4 different Iberian rivers. All samples were positive to these insecticides. Levels of concentration ranged from 12 to 4938ngg(-1) lipid weight (lw). Moreover, isomeric charac...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2014.11.007
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pathways of human mercury (Hg) exposure are complex and accurate understanding of relative contributions from different pathways are crucial for risk assessment and risk control. In this study, we determined total Hg concentration and Hg isotopic composition of human urine, dietary components, and inhaled air in t...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.106336
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Environmental surveillance of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance could contribute toward the protection of human, animal and ecosystem health. However, justification for the choice of markers and sampling sites that informs about different risk scenarios is often lacking. Here, we define five fundamentally differen...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.074
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The acute toxicity of citrate capped silver nanoparticles (AgNP) and silver nitrate was evaluated on the marine macroalga Ulva rigida C. Agardh (1823). Silver bioaccumulation, ultrastructural chloroplast damages verified by TEM microscopy, inhibition of primary production, neutral lipid production and oxidative stress...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.104942
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Many cities across the world are beginning to shift their mobility solution away from the private cars and towards more environmentally friendly and citizen-focused means. Hamburg, Oslo, Helsinki, and Madrid have recently announced their plans to become (partly) private car free cities. Other cities like Par...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2016.05.032
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although studies in laboratory animals demonstrate neurodevelopmental deficits caused by prenatal or postnatal organophosphate pesticide (OP) exposure, there is limited evidence on effects induced by not only prenatal but also postnatal exposure of children to OPs. METHODS:We measured diethylphosphate (DE),...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.08.010
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The effect of maternal copper (Cu) level on the risk of spontaneous preterm birth (SPB) remains debate. Therefore, we conducted a prospective nested case-control study in Shanxi Province to investigate the relationship between maternal serum Cu concentration and SPB risk, as well as the potential mediation e...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2018.11.009
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Respirometric tests on a soil contaminated by crude oil were performed. Continuous measurements of oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations and temperature in the soil atmosphere resulted in a large volume of data. Time series and system identification theories were used to analyze data as a biological signal, allowin...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2004.09.013
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Airborne microorganisms (AM), vital components of particulate matters (PM), are widespread in the atmosphere. Since some AM have pathogenicity, they can lead to a wide range of diseases in human and other organisms, meanwhile, some AM act as cloud condensation nuclei and ice nuclei which let them can affect the climat...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2018.01.007
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Antibiotic resistance poses an increasing threat to public health. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) promoted by antibiotics is recognized as a significant pathway to disseminate antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, it is unclear whether non-antibiotic, anti-microbial (NAAM) chemicals can directly promo...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2018.10.040
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::To assess the effects of exposure to complex mixtures of pesticides in farm workers from two communities from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, we evaluated the activities of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) enzymes, hematological, lipid parameters, and genotoxicity using two tes...
journal_title:Environment international
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2008.06.011
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00