Abstract：
:Photolyases repair cytotoxic and mutagenic UV-induced photolesions in DNA by using an amazing light-dependent repair mechanism. It involves light absorption, electron transfer from an excited reduced and deprotonated FADH(-) to the flipped-out photolesion, followed by the fragmentation of the photolesions. Cryptochromes are highly related proteins that no longer repair damaged DNA, but function as photoreceptors. They feature strikingly similar protein architectures to photolyases and contain an FAD cofactor as well. However, cryptochromes possess an additional signal-transmitting domain, attached either to the N-termini or C-termini. Recently, the field of photorepair and blue-light photoperception has experienced significant progress particularly in structural biology, which is summarized in this review. Today, crystal structures of many family members are known and most recently even complexes of photolyases and DASH-type cryptochrome bound to their DNA substrates became available providing insight into the critical electron and energy transfer reactions that enable genome repair.
journal_name
Curr Opin Struct Bioljournal_title
Current opinion in structural biologyauthors
Müller M,Carell Tdoi
10.1016/j.sbi.2009.05.003subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-06-01 00:00:00pages
277-85issue
3eissn
0959-440Xissn
1879-033Xpii
S0959-440X(09)00074-8journal_volume
19pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Transition states in protein folding are being analyzed experimentally and by computer simulation to reveal the sequence of events in the folding and unfolding of proteins at high resolution. Results of this analysis have enabled the reconstruction of folding pathways in vitro and open the prospect of analyzing pathwa...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0959-440x(95)80012-p
更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Synapses are cell adhesion structures specialized for signal transmission between neurons. At the synapse, presynaptic and postsynaptic terminals of neurons are functionally connected but spatially separated and form a cleft. Membrane receptor-like cell adhesion molecules and secreted proteins in the synaptic cleft (s...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2019.01.001
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:H+ transporting, reversible F-type ATPases (ATP synthases) and V-type ATPases share major structural features and function by similar mechanisms. Recent structural and genetic experiments provide new insights into the organization of the transmembrane and coupling sectors of the enzymes and the molecular mechanics of ...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-440x(96)80114-x
更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Transmembrane proton gradients, known as Proton Motive Force (PMF), serve important physiological functions. In addition to driving ATP synthesis, PMF is harnessed by a large variety of secondary transporters to achieve 'uphill' translocation of specific substrates across the membrane. Proton-coupled secondary transpo...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2013.04.011
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Optogenetic dimerizers are modular domains that can be utilized in a variety of versatile ways to modulate cellular biochemistry. Because of their modularity, many applications using these tools can be easily transferred to new targets without extensive engineering. While a number of photodimerizer systems are current...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2019.01.021
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Protein-RNA interactions play essential roles in gene regulation and RNA metabolism. While high-resolution structures have revealed principles of RNA recognition by individual RNA binding domains (RBDs), the presence of multiple RBDs in many eukaryotic proteins suggests additional modes of RNA recognition by combinati...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2012.03.013
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ribonuclease P (RNase P) is one of only two known universal ribozymes and was one of the first ribozymes to be discovered. It is involved in RNA processing, in particular the 5' maturation of tRNA. Unlike most other natural ribozymes, it recognizes and cleaves its substrate in trans. RNase P is a ribonucleoprotein com...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2006.04.002
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The modulation of enzyme function is a key regulatory feature of biological systems. The ability to engineer synthetic enzymes that can be controlled by any arbitrary signal would enable a wide array of sensing applications and therapeutics and provide us with powerful tools for the basic study of biology. Here severa...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2009.04.007
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ribosome undergoes numerous large-scale conformational changes during protein synthesis, but the molecular basis for these changes have been unclear. Recent cryo-electron microscopic and X-ray crystallographic structures of both the bacterial and eukaryotic ribosome now provide snapshots of the wide range of motio...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2012.07.011
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Carbohydrate microarray technologies are new developments at the frontiers of glycomics. Results of 'proof of concept' experiments with carbohydrate-binding proteins of the immune system - antibodies, selectins, a cytokine and a chemokine - and several plant lectins indicate that microarrays of carbohydrates (glycocon...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2003.09.002
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The winged helix proteins constitute a subfamily within the large ensemble of helix-turn-helix proteins. Since the discovery of the winged helix/fork head motif in 1993, a large number of topologically related proteins with diverse biological functions have been characterized by X-ray crystallography and solution NMR ...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-440x(99)00057-3
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prediction and modeling of RNA structures has become an indispensable tool of biological research disciplines. Currently, reliable predictions require massive input of experimental data. Structure-forming elements are conventional base pairs, as well as a rapidly increasing repertoire of novel structural motifs. New d...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-440x(97)80030-9
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For various reasons, it seems sensible to redesign or design proteins from the inside out. Past approaches in this field have involved iterations of mutagenesis and characterisation to 'evolve' designs. Increasingly, combinatorial approaches are being taken to select 'fit' sequences from libraries of variant proteins....
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-440x(00)00234-7
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fundamental biological processes are driven by diverse molecular machineries. In recent years, single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy has matured as a unique tool in biology to study how structural dynamics of molecular complexes drive various biochemical reactions. In this review, we highlight underlying developme...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2019.05.005
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:ATP- and NAD(+)-dependent DNA ligases, ATP-dependent RNA ligases and GTP-dependent mRNA capping enzymes comprise a superfamily of proteins that catalyze nucleotidyl transfer to polynucleotide 5' ends via covalent enzyme-(lysyl-N)-NMP intermediates. The superfamily is defined by five peptide motifs that line the nucleo...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2004.10.006
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The X-ray structures of two prokaryotic pentameric ligand-gated ion channels have recently provided detailed insight into this important family of neurotransmitter receptors. These prokaryotic homologs share the overall architecture of their eukaryotic counterparts with conservation in functionally important residues....
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2009.07.006
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This review focuses on recent structural insights into regulation and nucleic acid binding of Superfamily 2 (SF2)-type helicases as they relate to chromatin remodelers. We review structural features of the Chd1 chromatin remodeler regarding regulation of the ATPase motor, and discuss related strategies observed for ot...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2011.09.003
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In vitro selection experiments are now routinely used to identify functional nucleic acid residues and structures, and have become a tool for studying molecular recognition, molecular biology, and molecular evolution. Technical innovations that have been made during the past year include the use of modified monomers t...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-440x(96)80045-5
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Achieving the goals of structural genomics initiatives depends on the outcomes of two groups of factors: the number and distribution of experimentally determined protein structures, and our ability to assign novel proteins to known structures (fold recognition) and use them to build models (modeling). The quality of t...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2004.04.005
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:RNA motifs are directed and ordered stacked arrays of non-Watson-Crick base pairs forming distinctive foldings of the phosphodiester backbones of the interacting RNA strands. They correspond to the 'loops' - hairpin, internal and junction - that intersperse the Watson-Crick two-dimensional helices as seen in two-dimen...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-440x(03)00076-9
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Telomerase is an RNP that synthesizes the 3' ends of linear chromosomes and is an important regulator of telomere length. It contains a single long non-coding telomerase RNA (TER), telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), and other proteins that vary among organisms. Recent progress in structural biology of telomerase...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2017.06.010
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neutron diffraction provides different information from X-ray diffraction, because neutrons are scattered by atomic nuclei, whereas X-rays are scattered by electrons. One of the key advantages of neutron crystallography is the ability to visualize hydrogen and deuterium atoms, making it possible to observe the protona...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2016.07.014
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent studies from several laboratories have provided evidence that cell surface complex carbohydrates play key roles in the regulation of developmentally relevant signal transduction events. The demonstration that Fringe, a known modifier of Notch function, is a fucose-specific N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase provid...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-440x(02)00371-8
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Molecular flexibility over a wide time range is of central importance to the function of many proteins, both soluble and membrane. Revealing the modes of flexibility, their amplitudes, and time scales under physiological conditions is the challenge for spectroscopic methods, one of which is site-directed spin labeling...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2013.06.008
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:2D-IR spectroscopy has matured to a powerful technique to study the structure and dynamics of peptides, but its extension to larger proteins is still in its infancy, the major limitations being sensitivity and selectivity. Site-selective information requires measuring single vibrational probes at sub-millimolar concen...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2015.03.012
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Heparan sulfate (HS) is an essential and dynamic regulator of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling. Two fundamentally different crystallographic models have been proposed to explain, at the molecular level, how HS/heparin enables FGF and FGF receptor (FGFR) to assemble into a functional dimer on the cell surface. ...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2005.09.002
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The past year has witnessed a tremendous increase in our understanding of the structures and interactions of the GTPases. The highlights include crystal structures of G alpha subunits, as well as the first complex between a GTPase (Rap1A) and an effector molecule (c-Raf1 Ras-binding domain). In the field of elongation...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0959-440x(95)80015-8
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Progress in the synthesis, purification and crystallization of RNA has resulted in the determination of several X-ray crystal structures of RNA molecules over the past few years. Methods proven and under development will lead to future structure determinations and shed light on the structural basis for RNA's many func...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0959-440x(95)80057-3
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Protein scientists are paving the way to a new phase in protein design and engineering. Approaches and methods are being developed that could allow the design of proteins beyond the confines of natural protein structures. This possibility of designing entirely new proteins opens new questions: What do we build? How do...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2015.05.009
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Molecular dynamics simulations of membrane proteins are making rapid progress, because of new high-resolution structures, advances in computer hardware and atomistic simulation algorithms, and the recent introduction of coarse-grained models for membranes and proteins. In addition to several large ion channel simulati...
journal_title：Current opinion in structural biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.sbi.2008.02.003
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
