Abstract:
BACKGROUND:AIDS is the main driver of young widowhood in southern Africa. METHODS:The demographic characteristics of widows, their reported risk behaviours and the prevalence of HIV were examined by analysing a longitudinal population-based cohort of men and women aged 15-54 years in Manicaland, eastern Zimbabwe. The results from statistical analyses were used to construct a mathematical simulation model with the aim of estimating the contribution of widow behaviour to heterosexual HIV transmission. RESULTS:413 (11.4%) sexually experienced women and 31 (1.2%) sexually experienced men were reported to be widowed at the time of follow-up. The prevalence of HIV was exceptionally high among both widows (61%) and widowers (male widows) (54%). Widows were more likely to have high rates of partner change and engage in a pattern of transactional sex than married women. Widowers took partners who were a median of 10 years younger than themselves. Mathematical model simulations of different scenarios of sexual behaviour of widows suggested that the sexual activity of widow(er)s may underlie 8-17% of new HIV infections over a 20-year period. CONCLUSIONS:This combined statistical analysis and model simulation suggest that widowhood plays an important role in the transmission of HIV in this rural Zimbabwean population. High-risk partnerships may be formed when widowed men and women reconnect to the sexual network.
journal_name
Sex Transm Infectjournal_title
Sexually transmitted infectionsauthors
Lopman BA,Nyamukapa C,Hallett TB,Mushati P,Spark-du Preez N,Kurwa F,Wambe M,Gregson Sdoi
10.1136/sti.2008.033043subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-04-01 00:00:00pages
i41-8eissn
1368-4973issn
1472-3263pii
85/Suppl_1/i41journal_volume
85 Suppl 1pub_type
杂志文章,多中心研究abstract:OBJECTIVES:To (i) describe the contraceptive practices of HIV care and treatment (HCTx) clients in Manzini, Swaziland, including their unmet needs for family planning (FP), and compare these with population-level estimates; and (ii) qualitatively explore the causal factors influencing contraceptive choice and use. MET...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted infections
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/sextrans-2013-051339
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To estimate the predictive values for HIV infection of diagnosis of oral manifestations of the infection. METHOD:Prevalence of oral manifestations was compared in cross sectional blinded clinical examinations of homosexual men attending a genitourinary medicine clinic. Data were extrapolated to populations i...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted infections
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/sti.74.5.345
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:With increasing use of non-condom-based HIV risk reduction strategies by gay and bisexual men (GBM), we compared occasions of condomless anal intercourse with casual partners (CLAIC) that resulted in HIV transmission and similar occasions when HIV transmission did not occur. METHODS:We compared two demograp...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted infections
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/sextrans-2016-052749
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To determine the level of awareness of genital chlamydial infection, and level of knowledge related to this infection, in genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinic attenders. METHODS:500 consecutive patients attending a GUM clinic for the first time during a 3 month study period were invited to complete an anonym...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted infections
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/sti.75.1.36
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:In a systematic internet-based Chlamydia Screening Implementation Programme in The Netherlands, all chlamydia-positive participants automatically received a testkit after 6 months to facilitate early detection of repeat infections. The authors describe participation in repeat testing and prevalence and det...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted infections
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/sextrans-2011-050455
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To compare the characteristics of a self-selected, convenience sample of men who have sex with men (MSM) recruited through the internet with MSM drawn from a national probability survey in Great Britain. METHODS:The internet sample (n = 2065) was recruited through two popular websites for homosexual men in ...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted infections
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/sti.2006.023283
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of ciprofloxacin-resistant gonorrhoea in two South African cities and to investigate the association between the isolation of ciprofloxacin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae and the HIV serostatus of patients. METHODS:Gonococci were cultured from endo...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted infections
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/sti.2007.029611
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Macrolide resistance in Mycoplasma genitalium is emerging globally. There is paucity of data from sub-Saharan Africa where syndromic management is used to treat sexually transmitted infections (STIs). We conducted a molecular epidemiological study to determine the prevalence of azithromycin resistance and ep...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted infections
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/sextrans-2019-054371
更新日期:2020-05-10 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The objective of this retrospective study was to summarise the clinical manifestations of, and to analyse the incidence and risk factors of, Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (JHR) during the treatment of children with symptomatic congenital syphilis. METHODS:Clinical data of 60 children with clinically and labor...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted infections
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/sextrans-2016-053083
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the prevalence and genetic diversity of hepatitis C virus in genitourinary medicine clinic attenders and to assess the extent of sexual transmission of the virus. METHODS:A cross sectional, unlinked, anonymous survey in 14 genitourinary medicine clinics situated in England, Wales, and Northern I...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted infections
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/sti.79.4.301
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:In England, people of black minority ethnicities are at elevated risk of STI diagnosis, especially those of black Caribbean (BC) heritage. Understanding the factors that predict STI acquisition in this population is key to inform prevention measures. We examined the differences in predictors of incident STI d...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted infections
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/sextrans-2020-054784
更新日期:2021-01-29 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To present the current epidemiology of prevalent diagnosed HIV infections in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland (E, W, & NI) and describe trends over time. METHODS:Descriptive analyses of the annual national Survey of Prevalent HIV Infections Diagnosed (SOPHID) for the period 1997 to 2003. RESULTS:In 200...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted infections
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/sti.2004.012070
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Little is known about infection rates for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other diseases that can be transmitted sexually in Bangladeshi women who may be at intermediate levels of risk--that is, women who are not commercial sex workers (CSWs) but whose sexual contacts may include men at high risk for ...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted infections
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/sti.77.5.344
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess the effectiveness of an internet-accessed STI (e-STI) testing and results service on testing uptake among young adults (16-30 years) who have never tested for STIs in London, England. METHODS:We conducted secondary analyses on data from a randomised controlled trial. In the trial, participants wer...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted infections
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/sextrans-2019-053992
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:In the Netherlands, the Gonococcal Resistance to Antimicrobials Surveillance (GRAS) programme is carried out at Centres for Sexual Health (CSH), which provide care for sexual high-risk populations. However, half of gonorrhoea infections are diagnosed in general practice (GP). We performed a pilot study to exp...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted infections
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/sextrans-2019-054006
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:We quantified the proportion of cases and risk of primary syphilis (PS), urethral chlamydia (UCT) and urethral gonorrhoea (UGC) attributable to sexual practices other than anal sex. METHODS:In this cross-sectional study, electronic records for men who have sex with men (MSM) who attended the Melbourne Sexual...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted infections
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/sextrans-2013-051103
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:HIV transmission is ongoing among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the UK. Sex without a condom (condomless sex, CLS) is the main risk factor. We investigated the prevalence of and factors associated with types of CLS. METHODS:Cross-sectional questionnaire study in UK HIV clinics in 2011/2012 (ASTRA). MSM ...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted infections
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/sextrans-2016-053029
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To describe the impact of a repeating behavioural intervention focused on preventive education and provision of STD testing and treatment services to female sex workers. METHODS:A prospective cohort study of 966 sex workers (first of its kind in China) was conducted in Guangzhou from March 1998 to October 19...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted infections
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/sti.78.2.110
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Comprehensive data on Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infections to guide screening services among transgender women (TGW) are limited. We studied the burden of CT/NG infections in pharyngeal, rectal and urethral sites of Thai TGW and determined missed CT/NG diagnoses if selected sit...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted infections
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/sextrans-2018-053835
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To develop, evaluate and implement a new multiplex real-time PCR test for the detection of herpes simplex virus (HSV)1, HSV2 and syphilis in a single sample using a single test. METHODS:A multiplex real-time PCR test detecting HSV1, HSV2 and Treponema pallidum was designed, validated and evaluated for a per...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted infections
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/sti.2009.040451
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Evidence is mixed as to whether meeting sexual partners online ('internet-partners') is associated with risky sexual behaviour and/or sexually transmitted infection transmission. Accordingly, we sought to estimate the prevalence of reporting various online romantic and sexual activities among Norwegian adole...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted infections
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/sextrans-2015-052152
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the characteristics of South African men who have sex with men (MSM) who (1) have been tested for HIV and (2) are HIV positive. METHODS:Data were collected from 1045 MSM in community surveys using questionnaires that were administered either face-to-face, by mail or on the internet. The mean a...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted infections
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/sti.2008.031500
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Human trichomoniasis is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease, yet immune responses are not well studied. METHODS:Since the Trichomonas vaginalis lipophosphoglycan (TvLPG) is an important virulence factor, a bank of eight monoclonal antibodies was generated to define the antigen in clinical...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted infections
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/sextrans-2012-051013
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To explore the experiences and views of men who have sex with men (MSM) on attending clinical sexual health services and their preferences regarding service characteristics in the context of the disproportionate burden of STIs experienced by this group. The wider study aim was to develop a risk assessment to...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted infections
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/sextrans-2016-052983
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:HIV-infected men who have sex with men (HIV-MSM) are at high risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. This study aimed to compare risk factors between HIV-MSM coinfected with HCV and those who are not, in a national representative survey conducted in France. METHODS:The ANRS VESPA2 survey (April 2011-Janu...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted infections
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/sextrans-2014-051542
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To explore current patterns of testing for genital chlamydial infection in primary care, and to identify practice characteristics influencing testing rates. METHOD:Aggregate numbers of chlamydia tests and results for each practice in Nottingham Health District were matched to practice characteristics. Age s...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted infections
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/sti.79.3.234
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Almost half of all new HIV infections in Thailand occur among low-risk partners of people infected with HIV, so it is important to include people infected with HIV in prevention efforts. METHODS:Risk for HIV transmission was assessed among people with HIV attending routine care at the National Infectious Di...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted infections
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/sti.2008.032532
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the seroprevalence rate of syphilis among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinics of a teaching and a state specialist hospital in Nigeria, in order to ascertain whether maternal screening should be incorporated into routine antenatal care of our hospitals. METHODS:A screening for syphili...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted infections
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/sti.2006.023416
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess the feasibility and utility of sentinel laboratory surveillance of HIV testing as a tool for understanding patterns and trends in HIV testing in a range of healthcare services. METHODS:Data on all anti-HIV antibody tests carried out by the Leeds Teaching Hospital Trust laboratory over a 12-month p...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted infections
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/sti.2009.041293
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In addition to inadequate access to early diagnosis and treatment with antimicrobial agents for patients and sexual contacts, management and control of STIs is significantly challenged by emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), particularly for STIs such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Mycoplasma genitali...
journal_title:Sexually transmitted infections
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/sextrans-2016-053072
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00