Abstract:
SUMMARY:Nonparametric regression models are proposed in the framework of ecological inference for exploratory modeling of disease prevalence rates adjusted for variables, such as age, ethnicity/race, and socio-economic status. Ecological inference is needed when a response variable and covariate are not available at the subject level because only summary statistics are available for the reporting unit, for example, in the form of R x C tables. In this article, only the marginal counts are assumed available in the sample of R x C contingency tables for modeling the joint distribution of counts. A general form for the ecological regression model is proposed, whereby certain covariates are included as a varying coefficient regression model, whereas others are included as a functional linear model. The nonparametric regression curves are modeled as splines fit by penalized weighted least squares. A data-driven selection of the smoothing parameter is proposed using the pointwise maximum squared bias computed from averaging kernels (explained by O'Sullivan, 1986, Statistical Science 1, 502-517). Analytic expressions for bias and variance are provided that could be used to study the rates of convergence of the estimators. Instead, this article focuses on demonstrating the utility of the estimators in a study of disparity in health outcomes by ethnicity/race.
journal_name
Biometricsjournal_title
Biometricsauthors
Staniswalis JGdoi
10.1111/j.1541-0420.2008.00997.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-12-01 00:00:00pages
1054-61issue
4eissn
0006-341Xissn
1541-0420pii
BIOM997journal_volume
64pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
BIOMETRICS文献大全abstract::In this article, we develop new methods for estimating average treatment effects in observational studies, in settings with more than two treatment levels, assuming unconfoundedness given pretreatment variables. We emphasize propensity score subclassification and matching methods which have been among the most popular...
journal_title:Biometrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/biom.12505
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A recurring objective in longitudinal studies on aging and longevity has been the investigation of the relationship between age-at-death and current values of a longitudinal covariate trajectory that quantifies reproductive or other behavioral activity. We propose a novel technique for predicting age-at-death distribu...
journal_title:Biometrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1541-0420.2005.00378.x
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eguchi and Matsuura (1990, Biometrics 46, 415-426) noted that the generalized Stevens test statistic for the Hardy-Weinberg law for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) data yields an excessively large value when no double blanks are observed. In this paper, we investigated this aberrant case. The inflated value of the test ...
journal_title:Biometrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In diagnostic medicine, estimating the diagnostic accuracy of a group of raters or medical tests relative to the gold standard is often the primary goal. When a gold standard is absent, latent class models where the unknown gold standard test is treated as a latent variable are often used. However, these models have b...
journal_title:Biometrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1541-0420.2012.01789.x
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::For many long-lived animal species, individuals do not breed every year, and are often not accessible during non-breeding periods. Individuals exhibit site fidelity if they return to the same breeding colony or spawning ground when they breed. If capture and recapture is only possible at the breeding site, temporary e...
journal_title:Biometrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/biom.12094
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Directed acyclic graphical (DAG) models are increasingly employed in the study of physical and biological systems to model direct influences between variables. Identifying the graph from data is a challenging endeavor, which can be more reasonably tackled if the variables are assumed to satisfy a given ordering; in th...
journal_title:Biometrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/biom.12018
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A critical component of longitudinal study design involves determining the sampling schedule. Criteria for optimal design often focus on accurate estimation of the mean profile, although capturing the between-subject variance of the longitudinal process is also important since variance patterns may be associated with ...
journal_title:Biometrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/biom.12714
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A Bayesian hierarchical generalized linear model is used to estimate hunting success rates at the subarea level for postseason harvest surveys. The model includes fixed week effects, random geographic effects, and spatial correlations between neighboring subareas. The computation is done by Gibbs sampling and adaptive...
journal_title:Biometrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.0006-341x.2000.00360.x
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper presents a comparison of three methods of parameter estimation in analysis of linkage between a quantitative trait locus (QTL) and a marker locus: maximum likelihood, mean square for trait cumulative distribution function, and method of moments, employing simulated backcross data. The sensitivity of estimat...
journal_title:Biometrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies using a series of increasing doses of a compound, including a zero dose control, are often conducted to study the effect of the compound on the response of interest. For a one-way design, Tukey et al. (1985, Biometrics 41, 295-301) suggested assessing trend by examining the slopes of regression lines under ari...
journal_title:Biometrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.0006-341x.1999.00460.x
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Laska and Meisner (1989, Biometrics 45, 1139-1151) dealt with the problem of testing whether an identified treatment belonging to a set of k + 1 treatments is better than each of the other k treatments. They calculated sample size tables for k = 2 when using multiple t-tests or Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests, both under ...
journal_title:Biometrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.0006-341x.2000.00879.x
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis is widely used to evaluate the performance of diagnostic tests with continuous or ordinal responses. A popular study design for assessing the accuracy of diagnostic tests involves multiple readers interpreting multiple diagnostic test results, called the multi-reader, m...
journal_title:Biometrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/biom.12240
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article develops a latent model and likelihood-based inference to detect temporal clustering of events. The model mimics typical processes generating the observed data. We apply model selection techniques to determine the number of clusters, and develop likelihood inference and a Monte Carlo expectation-maximizat...
journal_title:Biometrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1541-0420.2009.01197.x
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dilution assays to determine solute concentration have found wide use in biomedical research. Many dilution assays return imprecise concentration estimates because they are only done to orders of magnitude. Previous statistical work has focused on how to design efficient experiments that can return more precise estima...
journal_title:Biometrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/biom.13032
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A method is developed for obtaining tree-structured relative risk estimates for censored survival data. The first step of a full likelihood estimation procedure is used in a recursive partitioning algorithm that adopts most aspects of the widely used Classification and Regression Tree (CART) algorithm of Breiman et al...
journal_title:Biometrics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Differential equations are extensively used for modeling dynamics of physical processes in many scientific fields such as engineering, physics, and biomedical sciences. Parameter estimation of differential equation models is a challenging problem because of high computational cost and high-dimensional parameter space....
journal_title:Biometrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1541-0420.2012.01752.x
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article presents a new approach for exploring the distribution of interindividual random effects in nonlinear mixed effect models. The approach introduces a spline function, which transforms an assumed normally distributed interindividual random effect to an arbitrary distribution approximating that of the data. ...
journal_title:Biometrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We describe a logistic-bivariate normal mixture model for a two-state Markov chain in which each individual makes transitions between states according to a subject-specific transition probability matrix. The use of the bivariate normal mixing distribution facilitates inferences regarding the correlation of the random ...
journal_title:Biometrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objective measures of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production by mammals are used to predict their energy expenditure. Since energy expenditure is not directly observable, it can be viewed as a latent construct with multiple physical indirect measures such as respiratory quotient, volumetric oxygen consumptio...
journal_title:Biometrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/biom.12706
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fitting of finite mixture models via the EM algorithm is considered for data which are available only in grouped form and which may also be truncated. A practical example is presented where a mixture of two doubly truncated log-normal distributions is adopted to model the distribution of the volume of red blood ce...
journal_title:Biometrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Brownie, Boos, and Hughes-Oliver (1990, Biometrics 46, 259-266) suggested a modification to the fixed-effects analysis of variance (ANOVA) F test for use in situations where treatments are likely to affect mean response while simultaneously increasing between-subject variability. These authors suggest that the modifie...
journal_title:Biometrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Markov chain models are frequently used for studying event histories that include transitions between several states. An empirical transition matrix for nonhomogeneous Markov chains has previously been developed, including a detailed statistical theory based on counting processes and martingales. In this article, we s...
journal_title:Biometrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.0006-341x.2001.00993.x
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serial dilution assays are widely employed for estimating substance concentrations and minimum inhibitory concentrations. The Poisson-Bernoulli model for such assays is appropriate for count data but not for continuous measurements that are encountered in applications involving substance concentrations. This paper pre...
journal_title:Biometrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.0006-341x.1999.01215.x
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although the primary focus of Phase I clinical trials is to assess clinical pharmacology and possible toxicities, any information on the potential effect of treatment would be useful in helping to determine priorities between treatments for further study. We consider the scenario where data are routinely collected on ...
journal_title:Biometrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We introduce two test procedures for comparing two survival distributions on the basis of randomly right-censored data consisting of both paired and unpaired observations. Our procedures are based on generalizations of a pooled rank test statistic previously proposed for uncensored data. One generalization adapts the ...
journal_title:Biometrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.0006-341x.2000.00154.x
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A nonparametric maximum likelihood procedure is given for estimating the survivor function from right-censored data. It approximates the hazard rate by a simple function such as a spline, with different approximations yielding different estimators. A special case is that proposed by Nelson (1969, Journal of Quality Te...
journal_title:Biometrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In studying the relationship between an ordered categorical predictor and an event time, it is standard practice to include dichotomous indicators of the different levels of the predictor in a Cox model. One can then use a multiple degree-of-freedom score or partial likelihood ratio test for hypothesis testing. Often,...
journal_title:Biometrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.0006-341x.2003.00106.x
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Motivated by the spatial modeling of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in colon carcinogenesis, we consider binary data with probabilities modeled as the sum of a nonparametric mean plus a latent Gaussian spatial process that accounts for short-range dependencies. The mean is modeled in a general way using regression splines....
journal_title:Biometrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1541-0420.2007.00892.x
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In biomedical cohort studies for assessing the association between an outcome variable and a set of covariates, usually, some covariates can only be measured on a subgroup of study subjects. An important design question is-which subjects to select into the subgroup to increase statistical efficiency. When the outcome ...
journal_title:Biometrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/biom.13140
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In multivariate failure time data analysis, a marginal regression modeling approach is often preferred to avoid assumptions on the dependence structure among correlated failure times. In this paper, a marginal mixed baseline hazards model is introduced. Estimating equations are proposed for the estimation of the margi...
journal_title:Biometrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.0006-341x.1999.00805.x
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00