Abstract:
BACKGROUND:This is the final paper of a series concerning parental maltreatment and chronic depression in women. It extends the scope of the analysis to take account of proximal risk factors, present within at most six months of an onset. It deals with the contribution of factors influencing onset of a depressive episode as well as those related to whether this takes a chronic course. Once a two-stage model dealing with both sets of risk factors has been developed we explore how far distal factors (more than at least one year earlier) influence each stage. METHODS:Three studies are employed. All take account of parental maltreatment. Two prospective studies deal with proximal risk factors, and a retrospective one with distal and proximal factors. RESULTS:For the first stage of the model concerning onset the influence of parental maltreatment and its correlated risk factors (e.g. conduct problems) are almost entirely mediated by proximal factors (e.g. quality of core relationships). However, for the second stage concerning course parental maltreatment makes a direct contribution that is independent of all other risk factors. LIMITATIONS:The retrospective nature of some of the data may introduce bias (But see the second paper in the present series [Brown, G.W., Craig, T.K.J., Harris, T.O., Handley, R.V., Harvey, A.L., 2007b. Validity of retrospective measures of early maltreatment and depressive episodes using the Childhood Experience of Care & Abuse (CECA) instrument - a life-course study of adult chronic depression - 2. J. Affect. Dis., 103, 217-224]). Only females have been considered. CONCLUSIONS:The influence of parental maltreatment on the onset of adult depression is largely indirect and the mechanisms involved are reasonably clear. However, the mechanisms involved in the substantial direct contribution of maltreatment to course are as yet unclear. Some interplay of maltreatment and early brain development is one of a number of interesting possibilities.
journal_name
J Affect Disordjournal_title
Journal of affective disordersauthors
Brown GW,Craig TK,Harris TOdoi
10.1016/j.jad.2008.01.016subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-10-01 00:00:00pages
222-33issue
3eissn
0165-0327issn
1573-2517pii
S0165-0327(08)00037-2journal_volume
110pub_type
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