Abstract:
:Middle-distance athletes implement a dynamic continuum in training volume, duration, and intensity that utilizes all energy-producing pathways and muscle fibre types. At the centre of this periodized training regimen should be a periodized nutritional approach that takes into account acute and seasonal nutritional needs induced by specific training and competition loads. The majority of a middle-distance athlete's training and racing is dependant upon carbohydrate-derived energy provision. Thus, to support this training and racing intensity, a high carbohydrate intake should be targeted. The required energy expenditure throughout each training phase varies significantly, and thus the total energy intake should also vary accordingly to better maintain an ideal body composition. Optimizing acute recovery is highly dependant upon the immediate consumption of carbohydrate to maximize glycogen resynthesis rates. To optimize longer-term recovery, protein in conjunction with carbohydrate should be consumed. Supplementation of beta-alanine or sodium bicarbonate has been shown to augment intra- and extracellular buffering capacities, which may lead to a small performance increase. Future studies should aim to alter specific exercise (resistance vs. endurance) and/or nutrition stimuli and measure downstream effects at multiple levels that include gene and molecular signalling pathways, leading to muscle protein synthesis, that result in optimized phenotypic adaptation and performance.
journal_name
J Sports Scijournal_title
Journal of sports sciencesauthors
Stellingwerff T,Boit MK,Res PT,International Association of Athletics Federations.doi
10.1080/02640410701607213subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-01-01 00:00:00pages
S17-28eissn
0264-0414issn
1466-447Xpii
787652532journal_volume
25 Suppl 1pub_type
共识发展会议,指南,杂志文章,评审abstract::This investigation was undertaken in an effort to establish physiological characteristics of soccer players and to relate them to positional roles. A total of 135 footballers (age 24.4 +/- 4.6 years) were assessed for body mass, % body fat, haemoglobin, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max), leg power, anaerobic capacity an...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640419208729950
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this crossover study, we wished to determine if normalized inter-limb differences in strength differed from inter-limb differences in voluntary activation at 30°, 70°, and 90° of knee flexion. We also assessed the relationship between inter-limb differences in torque with the inter-limb differences in activation. T...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2011.645054
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this paper was to systematically review the literature and examine the research methodological quality, measurement properties and feasibility of the Loughborough Soccer Passing Test (LSPT). Databases were searched up to June 2017. Twenty five studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. The main methodo...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/02640414.2017.1409611
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose was to assess the mechanical work and physiological responses to cross country mountain bike racing. Participants (n = 7) cycled on a cross country track at race speed whilst VO2, power, cadence, speed, and geographical position were recorded. Mean power during the designated start section (68.5 ± 5.5 s) w...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2012.711487
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The inability of the between-bowlers methodology to control parameters external to technique could lead to erroneous significant and non-significant associations being reported between fast-bowling technique and ball release speed. Using Pearson's product - moment correlation, we first examined the effectiveness of a ...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640410601096822
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationships between team performance indicators and match outcome have been examined in many team sports, however are limited in Australian Rules football. Using data from the 2013 and 2014 Australian Football League (AFL) regular seasons, this study assessed the ability of commonly reported discrete team perfor...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2015.1066026
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study aimed to investigate activation characteristics of the biceps femoris long head (BFlh) and semitendinosus (ST) muscles during the acceleration and maximum-speed phases of sprinting. Lower-extremity kinematics and electromyographic (EMG) activities of the BFlh and ST muscles were examined during the accelera...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2017.1375548
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite recent popularity of wrist-worn accelerometers for assessing free-living physical behaviours, there is a lack of user-friendly methods to characterize physical activity from a wrist-worn ActiGraph accelerometer. Participants in this study completed a laboratory protocol and/or 3-8 hours of directly observed fr...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2020.1794244
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to investigate the effect of playing styles on the match performance of football teams, data were analysed on 18 technical performance-related variables and 8 physical performance-related variables from 59 matches in the 2018 FIFA World Cup. A k-means cluster analysis was conducted to classify all match obser...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2019.1648120
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) is an inexpensive and non-invasive technique to measure total body water (TBW), extracellular water (ECW), and intracellular water (ICW). The purpose of this study was to validate TBW, ECW and ICW assessed by BIS, using dilution techniques as the reference method (REF) in eli...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2014.953981
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to compare the kinetics, kinematics, and muscle activation patterns of the countermovement jump, the power clean, and the jump squat with the expectation of gaining a better understanding of the mechanism of transfer from the power clean to the vertical jump. Ground reaction forces, elect...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2014.908320
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study used a quasi-applied research model to identify and develop potentially talented female soccer players. Athletes aged 15-19 years with a background in team ball sports or athletics were targeted for recruitment using advertisements and promotions through various media. Interested athletes attended a 2-day p...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640410050120122
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study examined the metabolic responses to an acute bout of football and the overall and moderating role of physical fitness on these responses, in adolescents. Thirty-six adolescents (16 girls, 20 boys; 12.6±0.5 y) completed two trials (60-min football and 60-min seated rest) separated by 7-d. Capillary bl...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2020.1860362
更新日期:2021-01-11 00:00:00
abstract::Drug abuse by adolescents has been investigated in various surveys that reported correlations between age, gender, and activity. However, none of these studies included chemical analyses to help substantiate the statements of participants. In the present study, the urine specimens of 964 students (439 females, 525 mal...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640410801910293
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In modern sprint cross-country skiing, strength and maximal speed are major determinants of performance. The aims of this study were to ascertain the anthropometric characteristics of world-class sprint skiers and to evaluate whether a specific body composition and/or body dimension characterizes a successful sprint s...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640410903414160
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nine male triathletes were studied during 160 min of exercise at 65% VO2 max on two occasions to examine the effect of glucose polymer ingestion on energy and fluid balance. During one trial they received 200 ml of a 10% glucose polymer solution at 20 min intervals during exercise (CHO), while in the other they receiv...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640418908729817
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In any situation where heat production as a result of physical exercise exceeds heat elimination from the body by radiation and convection, the body will depend on sweat secretion and evaporation for its thermoregulation. Sweat secretion will reach maximal levels at high energy expenditures in the heat but will be lim...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640419108729871
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is a paucity of studies that have evaluated substrate utilisation and protein catabolism during multiday strenuous exercise in athletes. Eleven well-trained male cyclists completed 3 h of race-simulated cycling on 4 consecutive days. Cyclist exercised 2 h postprandially and with carbohydrate supplementation (~50...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2014.949827
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to capture the lower limb kinematics before during and after ball impact of soccer kicking by examining the influence of both sampling rate and smoothing procedures. Nine male soccer players performed maximal instep kicks and the three-dimensional leg movements were captured at 1000 Hz. A...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640410400021450
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aims of the present study were to examine quantitatively ground reaction forces, kinematics, and muscle activations during the windmill softball pitch, and to determine relationships between knee valgus and muscle activations, ball velocity and muscle activation as well as ball velocity and ground reaction forces....
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2011.576692
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::An analysis system for barbell weightlifting exercises is proposed to record reliable performance and neuromuscular responses. The system consists of surface electromyography (sEMG) synchronized with electrogoniometry and a barbell position transducer. The purpose of this study was to establish the reliability of the ...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2011.588956
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to quantify movements of Super 12 rugby players in competition because information on elite rugby players' movements is unavailable. Players were categorized into forwards [front (n = 16) and back row (n = 15)] and backs [inside (n = 9) and outside backs (n = 7)] and their movements analysed ...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640410410001730188
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of an imagery training programme on the performance of a soccer task by skilled and novice players. An initial assessment of performance on the soccer task was undertaken, and then 22 skilled and 22 novice players were equally and randomly assigned to either a co...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1080/02640419308729971
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interest in rises in oxygen consumption (VO2) with increasing exercise intensity largely originate from the work of Hill and colleagues in the 1920s. Their studies led to a belief that cardiac output and VO2 'plateau' at increasing work rates and that muscle hypoxia leads to fatigue. Hence, it was assumed that the pri...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/026404198366704
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The training and competitive programmes of elite athletes incorporate travel schedules, often long journeys, across multiple time zones. In such cases, travel causes both transient fatigue and a malaise known as "jet-lag" that persists for some days. Jet-lag is due to the disturbance of the body's circadian rhythms: d...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 共识发展会议,指南,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/02640410701607445
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of high-resolution physical activity intensity spectra obtained from accelerometry can improve knowledge of associations with health and development beyond the use of traditional summary measures of intensity. The aim of the present study was to compare three different approaches for determining associations f...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2020.1824341
更新日期:2020-09-20 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sleep hygiene (SH) education on sleep quality in soccer players after a late-evening small-sided-game (SSG) training session. Twenty-nine non-professional players were recruited and allocated to either an experimental group (EG, n = 17) that received SH education, o...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1080/02640414.2019.1661938
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to assess fatigue during a simulated cross-country skiing sprint competition based on skating technique. Sixteen male skiers performed a 30-m maximal skiing speed test and four 850-m heats with roller skies on a tartan track, separated by 20 min recovery between heats. Physiological variables...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640410903081860
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Kicking with the non-preferred leg is important in Australian Football and becoming important in the rugby codes. The aim of this study was to examine differences between preferred and non-preferred leg kicking in the drop punt kick. Seventeen elite Australian Football players performed kicks with the preferred and no...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/02640414.2011.605163
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many sports events require participants to exert a maximal effort in the closing stages-that is, after prior fatiguing exercise. Peak and mean pedalling rate during 30 s of high-intensity cycle ergometer exercise was manipulated by altering the applied resistance or the initial exercise intensity so that the effect of...
journal_title:Journal of sports sciences
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1080/026404197367470
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00