Gynecomastia: evaluation and treatment recommendations for primary care providers.

Abstract:

:Gynecomastia is defined as excessive development of the breast in boys. It is common in neonates and adolescents. Although in most cases this is a transient phenomenon, it might lead to significant social impediments such as decreased participation in physical education because of embarrassment. A primary care provider should be able to diagnose a false gynecomastia, a physiologic gynecomastia, and a gynecomastia with underlying pathology by taking good history, performing a thorough physical examination, and checking few screening laboratory tests. In most cases with physiologic gynecomastia, just reassurance and close follow-up is sufficient; however, psychologic counseling and surgical intervention may be required in few selected cases of physiologic gynecomastia. Suspected cases with underlying pathologic causes should be referred to a pediatric endocrinologist for further evaluation and management. Treatment of underlying causes should resolve the gynecomastia in those patients.

journal_name

Clin Pediatr (Phila)

journal_title

Clinical pediatrics

authors

Cakan N,Kamat D

doi

10.1177/0009922806294800

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2007-07-01 00:00:00

pages

487-90

issue

6

eissn

0009-9228

issn

1938-2707

pii

46/6/487

journal_volume

46

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Urban parents' perceptions of healthy infant growth.

    abstract::To examine how urban parents' perceptions of healthy infant size and growth relate to objective weight-for-length percentiles of their children, parents of 222 (69% minority) 6- to 27-month-old infants were surveyed. In all, 41% of parents said growth charts had never been explained to them, and 31% were not confident...

    journal_title:Clinical pediatrics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1177/0009922811398960

    authors: Sullivan SA,Leite KR,Shaffer ML,Birch LL,Paul IM

    更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00

  • Use of abdominal and pelvic ultrasound in the evaluation of chronic abdominal pain.

    abstract::The value of sonography in assessing chronic abdominal pain (CAP) in children, the characteristics of CAP, and the local pediatrician's practice in evaluating CAP are reported. Fifty-seven patients with CAP had abdominal and/or pelvic sonography; 56 were normal. One sonogram showed an ovarian cyst on the side opposite...

    journal_title:Clinical pediatrics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1177/000992289303200304

    authors: Schmidt RE,Babcock DS,Farrell MK

    更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00

  • Improving developmental screening among pediatricians in New Mexico: findings from the developmental screening initiative.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Seven pediatric primary care practices participated in New Mexico's Developmental Screening Initiative in a year-long quality improvement project with the goal of implementing standardized developmental screening tools. METHODS:The initiative utilized a learning collaborative approach and the Model for Impr...

    journal_title:Clinical pediatrics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1177/0009922814527499

    authors: Malik F,Booker JM,Brown S,McClain C,McGrath J

    更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00

  • Risk Factors for Failed Newborn Otoacoustic Emissions Hearing Screen.

    abstract::Objective To identify any socioeconomic, demographic, neonatal, and perinatal factors that may be associated with failing the otoacoustic emissions (OAE) newborn hearing screen. Study Design A retrospective chart review was performed looking at hearing screens performed on 1272 newborn infants by OAE testing. Socioeco...

    journal_title:Clinical pediatrics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1177/0009922815615826

    authors: Shahid R,Vigilante M,Deyro H,Reyes I,Gonzalez B,Kliethermes S

    更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00

  • Congenital ocular motor apraxia. Case reports and literature review.

    abstract::Two children with congenital ocular motor apraxia (C-OMA) associated with congenital malformations of the central nervous system (CNS) are presented, and the literature is reviewed. C-OMA is an abnormality of ocular motility characterized by defective or absent voluntary horizontal gaze, associated with a characterist...

    journal_title:Clinical pediatrics

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1177/000992288802700105

    authors: PeBenito R,Cracco JB

    更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00

  • Bullying on Television: 1960-2010.

    abstract::Bullying is a serious issue for adolescents, with health consequences both at the time of victimization and later on in adulthood. Aggression in the media is an area that has been explored as a contributing factor to bullying behavior. This study aims to determine if the incidence of aggression in popular television s...

    journal_title:Clinical pediatrics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1177/0009922815614353

    authors: Petranovich KA,Bapty SJ,Maestas TS,Strasburger VC

    更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00

  • A Comparison of Bladder Catheterization and Suprapubic Aspiration Methods for Urine Sample Collection From Infants With a Suspected Urinary Tract Infection.

    abstract::This study compares 2 sampling methods for urine cultures in young infants. We analyzed data on urine samples obtained from 83 infants using 2 sources of urine: suprapubic bladder aspiration (SPA) and bladder catheterization. All specimens were subjected to both urinalysis and culture, and the results compared. Eighty...

    journal_title:Clinical pediatrics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1177/0009922815608278

    authors: Eliacik K,Kanik A,Yavascan O,Alparslan C,Kocyigit C,Aksu N,Bakiler AR

    更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00

  • Urban emergency department utilization by adolescents.

    abstract::This study describes urban emergency department (ED) utilization and follow-up referral patterns among adolescents. ED visits for 14-19-year-old patients at an urban university hospital with adjacent adult and pediatric emergency departments during specified months in 1993 were retrospectively reviewed. A subgroup (n=...

    journal_title:Clinical pediatrics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1177/000992280003900806

    authors: Grove DD,Lazebnik R,Petrack EM

    更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00

  • Recurrent hypothermia and thrombocytopenia after severe neonatal brain infection.

    abstract::Two children with multiple severe disabilities due to brain destruction by neonatal infection had recurrent hypothermia (less than 34 degrees C) with associated thrombocytopenia (less than 50,000), and clinical hemorrhage. They also had milder, less consistent erythroid and myeloid cell line abnormalities. The hypothe...

    journal_title:Clinical pediatrics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1177/000992288802700703

    authors: Holm IA,McLaughlin JF,Feldman K,Stone EF

    更新日期:1988-07-01 00:00:00

  • Propionic acidemia revisited: a workshop report.

    abstract::Propionic acidemia (PA) is one of the most frequent organic acidurias, but information on the outcome of individuals with PA is rather limited. We present data of 49 patients with PA, which were gathered from 18 metabolic centers throughout Central Europe on the occasion of an international workshop. All patients were...

    journal_title:Clinical pediatrics

    pub_type:

    doi:10.1177/000992280404300908

    authors: Sass JO,Hofmann M,Skladal D,Mayatepek E,Schwahn B,Sperl W

    更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00

  • The Association Between Care Coordination and Preventive Care Among Children With Special Health Care Needs.

    abstract::Care coordination (CC) has shown positive outcomes among children with special health care needs (CSHCN); however, the association between CC and well-child care (WCC) visits is unknown. We hypothesize that CSHCN who receive CC are more likely to attend the recommended WCC visits. A retrospective cohort analysis was c...

    journal_title:Clinical pediatrics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1177/0009922820910823

    authors: Ramirez GM,Kum P,Kelly JJ

    更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00

  • Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy for obstructive sleep apnea in Hallermann-Streiff syndrome.

    abstract::An 8-year-old girl with Hallermann-Streiff syndrome (oculomandibulofacial syndrome) was examined. She had a history of severe snoring, reported nocturnal apnea, excessive daytime hypersomnolence, nocturnal enuresis, and failure to thrive. Overnight polysomnography confirmed severe obstructive sleep apnea. Long-term na...

    journal_title:Clinical pediatrics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1177/000992289002900212

    authors: Ryan CF,Lowe AA,Fleetham JA

    更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00

  • The perinatal infection of cytomegalovirus is an important etiology for biliary atresia in China.

    abstract:AIMS:The aims of this study were to detect the infection rates of DNA viruses in liver tissue of biliary atresia and to investigate the effect of perinatal infection of cytomegalovirus in biliary atresia. METHODS:A total of 85 liver biopsies (taken during Kasai portoenterostomy) were tested by fluorescence quantitativ...

    journal_title:Clinical pediatrics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1177/0009922811406264

    authors: Xu Y,Yu J,Zhang R,Yin Y,Ye J,Tan L,Xia H

    更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00

  • Thrombocytopenia absent radius syndrome associated with renal insufficiency.

    abstract::Thrombocytopenia absent radius (TAR) syndrome, associated with small, echogenic kidneys and subsequent end-stage renal disease, was seen in a full-term newborn. In this infant, renal insufficiency may have increased the known risk of bleeding that is associated with TAR syndrome. Renal abnormalities and dysfunction ar...

    journal_title:Clinical pediatrics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1177/000992289002900309

    authors: Fivush B,McGrath S,Zinkham W

    更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00

  • Screening Tool Predicts Future Underimmunization Among a Pediatric Practice in Tennessee.

    abstract::The Parent Attitudes about Childhood Vaccines (PACV) survey for identifying vaccine-hesitant parents was recently validated in Washington State but did not include all recommended childhood vaccines. The current study compares vaccination rates for all recommended childhood vaccines and PACV scores at one pediatric pr...

    journal_title:Clinical pediatrics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1177/0009922815615823

    authors: Williams SE,Morgan A,Opel D,Edwards K,Weinberg S,Rothman R

    更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00

  • Sleep apnea in patients receiving growth hormone.

    abstract::Among 145 patients treated with recombinant human growth hormone (GH), four developed sleep apnea (two obstructive, two mixed) associated with tonsillar and adenoidal hypertrophy in three. These four patients had no local risk factors predisposing to upper airway obstruction (i.e., frequent pharyngitis or sinusitis). ...

    journal_title:Clinical pediatrics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1177/000992289703600602

    authors: Gerard JM,Garibaldi L,Myers SE,Aceto T Jr,Kotagal S,Gibbons VP,Stith J,Weber C

    更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00

  • Primary care physicians' knowledge of and confidence in their referrals for special education services in 3- to 5-year-old children.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Children 3 to 5 years old with developmental delays are eligible for special education services. OBJECTIVE:To assess primary care physicians' (PCPs) knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding their referrals to the special education system on behalf of children 3 to 5 years old. DESIGN/METHODS:Mail surv...

    journal_title:Clinical pediatrics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1177/0009922813503036

    authors: Hastings EA,Lumeng JC,Clark SJ

    更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00

  • On-site Mental Health Professionals and Pediatric Residents in Continuity Clinic.

    abstract::The objective of the study was to examine differences in pediatric resident perceptions and practices related to child mental health conditions in continuity clinic settings with versus without on-site mental health professionals (MHPs). A 20-item questionnaire, based on the American Academy of Pediatrics Periodic Sur...

    journal_title:Clinical pediatrics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1177/0009922816681136

    authors: Ragunanthan B,Frosch EJ,Solomon BS

    更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00

  • Neonatal gastric volvulus secondary to rectal atresia.

    abstract::The "upside-down stomach" is a rare form of organo-axial neonatal volvulus, which occurs because of absent or attenuated anatomical anchors and abnormal motility of the stomach. It is considered a surgical emergency that requires immediate correction. We report a previously undescribed etiology of gastric neonatal vol...

    journal_title:Clinical pediatrics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1177/000992288802700612

    authors: Mizrahi S,Vinograd I,Schiller M

    更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00

  • Tepid sponging to reduce temperature in febrile children in a tropical climate.

    abstract::The effectiveness of tepid sponging, in addition to antipyretic medication, in the reduction of temperature in febrile children living in a tropical environment, was assessed in a prospective, randomized, open trial. Seventy-five children aged between 6 and 53 months who attended the casualty department of the Childre...

    journal_title:Clinical pediatrics

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1177/000992289403300407

    authors: Mahar AF,Allen SJ,Milligan P,Suthumnirund S,Chotpitayasunondh T,Sabchareon A,Coulter JB

    更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00

  • A simple provider-based educational intervention to boost infant immunization rates: a controlled trial.

    abstract::We sought to determine if a simple educational intervention initiated at the first well-child care visit, with reinforcement at subsequent visits, can improve inner-city infant immunization rates. We conducted a controlled trial involving 315 newborn infants and their primary caregivers in 3 inner-city primary care ce...

    journal_title:Clinical pediatrics

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:10.1177/000992280104000701

    authors: Stille CJ,Christison-Lagay J,Bernstein BA,Dworkin PH

    更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00

  • Child Life Services in an Epilepsy Monitoring Unit.

    abstract::The goal of this study was to determine the value of a certified child life specialist (CCLS) on the patient and staff experiences in an epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU). We integrated a CCLS into the EMU for all children as well as adults with intellectual disability. We surveyed families to determine the impact of chi...

    journal_title:Clinical pediatrics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1177/0009922818769469

    authors: Lowenstein DB,Cervenka MC,Mitchell L,Stewart N,Kossoff EH,Kelley SA

    更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00

  • Buprenorphine Overdose in Young Children: An Underappreciated Risk.

    abstract::The escalation of the opioid crisis has led to an increase in the treatment of opioid use disorder. In particular, recent legislation has allowed for office-based treatment with buprenorphine, a partial µ-opioid agonist that is believed to be safer than methadone due to a ceiling effect on respiratory depression in ad...

    journal_title:Clinical pediatrics

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1177/0009922819829038

    authors: Lo Re M,Chaplin M,Aronow B,Modesto-Lowe V

    更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00

  • Safe sleep practices and sudden infant death syndrome risk reduction: NICU and well-baby nursery graduates.

    abstract::Our primary objective was to compare parents of infants cared for in newborn intensive care units (NICUs) and infants cared for in well-baby ("general") nurseries with regard to knowledge and practice of safe sleep practices/sudden infant death syndrome risk reduction measures and guidelines. Our secondary objective w...

    journal_title:Clinical pediatrics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1177/0009922813506038

    authors: Fowler AJ,Evans PW,Etchegaray JM,Ottenbacher A,Arnold C

    更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00

  • Nasogastric or gastrostomy feedings in children with neurologic disabilities.

    abstract::Although pediatricians are increasingly aware of the problem of undernutrition in children with neurologic disabilities, many of these children remain poorly nourished despite prolonged attempts at oral feedings. We studied the effects of tube feeding on such children, using either nasogastric (NG) or gastrostomy (GT)...

    journal_title:Clinical pediatrics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1177/000992289403300608

    authors: Naureckas SM,Christoffel KK

    更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00

  • Neurofibromatosis type 1--an update and review for the primary pediatrician.

    abstract::With an incidence of 1 in 3,000, neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), or von Recklinghausen disease, is one of the most common genetic disorders encountered by primary care physicians. NF1 is a multisystem disease that affects more than one million people worldwide (more than 80,000 in the United States). Although most ped...

    journal_title:Clinical pediatrics

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1177/000992289603501101

    authors: Goldberg Y,Dibbern K,Klein J,Riccardi VM,Graham JM Jr

    更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00

  • Feedback on a multimedia violence prevention program.

    abstract::The objective of this study is to describe feedback on a multimedia violence prevention program. Professionals and laypersons provided feedback regarding a multimedia CD program by completing an anonymous form. Feedback was obtained from 66% of participants (314). In general, participants felt more comfortable managin...

    journal_title:Clinical pediatrics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1177/000992280304200904

    authors: Scholer SJ,Goad S

    更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00

  • Integrating Social Needs Screening and Community Health Workers in Primary Care: The Community Linkage to Care Program.

    abstract::Clinic-based social needs screening has been associated with increased access to social services and improved health outcomes. Using a pragmatic study design in an urban pediatric practice, we used logistic regression to identify factors associated with successful social service uptake. From December 2017 to November ...

    journal_title:Clinical pediatrics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1177/0009922820908589

    authors: Fiori KP,Rehm CD,Sanderson D,Braganza S,Parsons A,Chodon T,Whiskey R,Bernard P,Rinke ML

    更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00

  • Maternal experience of interactions with providers among mothers with milk supply concern.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Milk supply concern is the most common reason given by mothers for discontinuing breastfeeding. OBJECTIVES. To describe maternal experiences of interactions with health care providers related to milk supply. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Ten focus groups (N = 56 participants) were conducted among mothers who had had...

    journal_title:Clinical pediatrics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1177/0009922812448954

    authors: Flaherman VJ,Hicks KG,Cabana MD,Lee KA

    更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00

  • Partner Notification, Treatment, and Subsequent Condom Use After Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: Implications for Dyadic Intervention With Urban Youth.

    abstract::Research suggests that youth in urban communities often remain in the same sexual relationships after a pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) diagnosis. Utilizing data from the Technology Enhanced Community Health Nursing (TECH-N) study, we explored partner notification, treatment, and condom use after PID diagnosis. Outr...

    journal_title:Clinical pediatrics

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1177/0009922819852979

    authors: Ha MM,Belcher HME,Butz AM,Perin J,Matson PA,Trent M

    更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00