Clinical applications of serum tumor markers.

Abstract:

:The pursuit of the ideal tumor marker has generated many tests for use in the diagnosis and management of cancer, several of which are now widely available. Tumor markers have five potential uses in patient care: They can be used for screening, for diagnosis, for establishing prognosis, for monitoring treatment, and for detecting relapse. The value of a marker in a given setting depends on two marker-related characteristics--sensitivity and specificity. The value of a marker in a particular malignancy also depends on the effectiveness of therapy for the malignancy. Tumor markers have been used to screen for occult cancer but have proved to be valuable only in selected cancers. As diagnostic tools, tumor markers have limitations: Nearly all markers can be elevated in benign disorders, and most markers are not elevated in the early stages of malignancy. Extreme marker elevation often indicates a poor prognosis and in some malignancies can indicate the need for more aggressive treatment. Tumor markers have their greatest value when used to monitor therapy in patients with widespread cancer. Nearly all markers show some correlation with the clinical course of disease, with marker elevation in any stage declining to normal after a curative intervention. Recurrent disease can be accompanied by increased marker levels, but markers can detect an occult recurrence in only a few diseases, thereby facilitating a second attempt at cure. Although it seems unlikely that an ideal tumor marker will be identified for every malignancy, several workable markers are already available. Increasing our knowledge about the capabilities and limitations of existing markers will enable us to use them judiciously in the treatment of cancer.

journal_name

Ann Intern Med

authors

Bates SE

doi

10.7326/0003-4819-115-8-623

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1991-10-15 00:00:00

pages

623-38

issue

8

eissn

0003-4819

issn

1539-3704

journal_volume

115

pub_type

杂志文章,评审
  • The expert witness in medical malpractice litigation.

    abstract::The experience of serving as an expert witness can add considerably to a physician's knowledge of medicine and the forces that affect the profession. Each case compels the physician to examine carefully all the clinical data. The physician must assess the quality of care given and render an opinion that is consistent ...

    journal_title:Annals of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.7326/0003-4819-100-1-139

    authors: Kunin CM

    更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00

  • Primary pulmonary hypertension. A national prospective study.

    abstract::A national registry was begun in 1981 to collect data from 32 centers on patients diagnosed by uniform criteria as having primary pulmonary hypertension. Entered into the registry were 187 patients with a mean age (+/- SD) of 36 +/- 15 years (range, 1 to 81), and a female-to-male ratio of 1.7:1 overall. The mean inter...

    journal_title:Annals of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.7326/0003-4819-107-2-216

    authors: Rich S,Dantzker DR,Ayres SM,Bergofsky EH,Brundage BH,Detre KM,Fishman AP,Goldring RM,Groves BM,Koerner SK

    更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00

  • Neuroblastoma: clinical perspectives, monoclonal antibodies, and retinoic acid.

    abstract::Neuroblastoma, the second commonest solid tumor in children, is a neoplasm of the peripheral autonomic nervous system that usually occurs before children are 6 years old. Therapy of localized tumor (clinical stage I and II) and of a special form of metastatic tumor (clinical stage IV-S) is usually successful, but trea...

    journal_title:Annals of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.7326/0003-4819-97-6-873

    authors: Seeger RC,Siegel SE,Sidell N

    更新日期:1982-12-01 00:00:00

  • Effect of nasogastric tube size on gastroesophageal reflux and microaspiration in intubated patients.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Little evidence exists to support the theory that small-bore nasogastric tubes prevent gastroesophageal reflux and microaspiration in intubated patients. OBJECTIVE:To determine whether gastroesophageal reflux and microaspiration in intubated patients can be reduced by the use of a small-bore nasogastric tub...

    journal_title:Annals of internal medicine

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.7326/0003-4819-130-12-199906150-00007

    authors: Ferrer M,Bauer TT,Torres A,Hernández C,Piera C

    更新日期:1999-06-15 00:00:00

  • Health care information and the protection of personal privacy: ethical and legal considerations.

    abstract::During the early 1990s, the U.S. government addressed the issue of providing universal health care to all its citizens. Although this issue has not been completely resolved, centralization of electronic data and sharing of health care information among insurers and providers have been pursued. The emergence of electro...

    journal_title:Annals of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.7326/0003-4819-127-8_part_2-199710151-00050

    authors: Gostin L

    更新日期:1997-10-15 00:00:00

  • Pharmacologic treatment of low bone density or osteoporosis to prevent fractures: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians.

    abstract:DESCRIPTION:The American College of Physicians (ACP) developed this guideline to present the available evidence on various pharmacologic treatments to prevent fractures in men and women with low bone density or osteoporosis. METHODS:Published literature on this topic was identified by using MEDLINE (1966 to December 2...

    journal_title:Annals of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,实务指引

    doi:

    authors: Qaseem A,Snow V,Shekelle P,Hopkins R Jr,Forciea MA,Owens DK,Clinical Efficacy Assessment Subcommittee of the American College of Physicians.

    更新日期:2008-09-16 00:00:00

  • Behavioral counseling research and evidence-based practice recommendations: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force perspectives.

    abstract::The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) makes recommendations on which preventive services to routinely incorporate into primary care for specific populations. Behavioral counseling interventions are preventive services designed to help persons engage in healthy behaviors and limit unhealthy ones. The USPSTF'...

    journal_title:Annals of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.7326/M13-2128

    authors: Curry SJ,Grossman DC,Whitlock EP,Cantu A

    更新日期:2014-03-18 00:00:00

  • Why change? A look at the current system of disability determination and workers' compensation for occupational lung disease.

    abstract::Under the current system of disability determination and workers' compensation for occupational lung disease, disabled workers or their survivors can reasonably count on being compensated. However, by rejecting established scientific truth in order to pay workers' compensation in circumstances where disability or deat...

    journal_title:Annals of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.7326/0003-4819-97-6-908

    authors: Richman SI

    更新日期:1982-12-01 00:00:00

  • A review of the evidence for the effectiveness, safety, and cost of acupuncture, massage therapy, and spinal manipulation for back pain.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Few treatments for back pain are supported by strong scientific evidence. Conventional treatments, although widely used, have had limited success. Dissatisfied patients have, therefore, turned to complementary and alternative medical therapies and providers for care for back pain. PURPOSE:To provide a rigor...

    journal_title:Annals of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.7326/0003-4819-138-11-200306030-00011

    authors: Cherkin DC,Sherman KJ,Deyo RA,Shekelle PG

    更新日期:2003-06-03 00:00:00

  • What's in placebos: who knows? Analysis of randomized, controlled trials.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:No regulations govern placebo composition. The composition of placebos can influence trial outcomes and merits reporting. PURPOSE:To assess how often investigators specify the composition of placebos in randomized, placebo-controlled trials. DATA SOURCES:4 English-language general and internal medicine jou...

    journal_title:Annals of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.7326/0003-4819-153-8-201010190-00010

    authors: Golomb BA,Erickson LC,Koperski S,Sack D,Enkin M,Howick J

    更新日期:2010-10-19 00:00:00

  • Herpes simplex virus resistant to acyclovir. A study in a tertiary care center.

    abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To determine the sensitivity of herpes simplex virus isolates to acyclovir and the importance of resistant isolates in hospitalized patients. DESIGN:Retrospective incidence cohort study. SETTING:All herpes simplex virus isolates cultured over 1 year from patients followed at a tertiary care center. P...

    journal_title:Annals of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.7326/0003-4819-76-3-112-6-416

    authors: Englund JA,Zimmerman ME,Swierkosz EM,Goodman JL,Scholl DR,Balfour HH Jr

    更新日期:1990-03-15 00:00:00

  • Screening for Colorectal Cancer in Asymptomatic Average-Risk Adults: A Guidance Statement From the American College of Physicians.

    abstract:Description:The purpose of this guidance statement is to guide clinicians on colorectal cancer screening in average-risk adults. Methods:This guidance statement is derived from a critical appraisal of guidelines on screening for colorectal cancer in average-risk adults and the evidence presented in these guidelines. N...

    journal_title:Annals of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.7326/M19-0642

    authors: Qaseem A,Crandall CJ,Mustafa RA,Hicks LA,Wilt TJ,Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of Physicians.

    更新日期:2019-11-05 00:00:00

  • Poxvirus Vectored Cytomegalovirus Vaccine to Prevent Cytomegalovirus Viremia in Transplant Recipients: A Phase 2, Randomized Clinical Trial.

    abstract:Background:Triplex vaccine was developed to enhance cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific T cells and prevent CMV reactivation early after hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT). Objective:To determine the safety and efficacy of Triplex. Design:First-in-patient, phase 2 trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02506933). Setting:3...

    journal_title:Annals of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验

    doi:10.7326/M19-2511

    authors: Aldoss I,La Rosa C,Baden LR,Longmate J,Ariza-Heredia EJ,Rida WN,Lingaraju CR,Zhou Q,Martinez J,Kaltcheva T,Dagis A,Hardwick N,Issa NC,Farol L,Nademanee A,Al Malki MM,Forman S,Nakamura R,Diamond DJ,TRIPLEX VACCINE St

    更新日期:2020-03-03 00:00:00

  • Sarcoid-like lymphocytosis of the lower respiratory tract in patients with active Crohn's disease.

    abstract::To re-evaluate the relationship between Crohn's disease and sarcoidosis, we compared the numbers and types of cells recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage from normal volunteers and patients with Crohn's disease, with other forms of inflammatory bowel disease, and with sarcoidosis. Patients with Crohn's disease, but not ...

    journal_title:Annals of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.7326/0003-4819-104-1-17

    authors: Smiéjan JM,Cosnes J,Chollet-Martin S,Soler P,Basset FM,Le Quintrec Y,Hance AJ

    更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00

  • Comparing costs and quality of care at retail clinics with that of other medical settings for 3 common illnesses.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Retail clinics are an increasingly popular source for medical care. Concerns have been raised about the effect of these clinics on the cost, quality, and delivery of preventive care. OBJECTIVE:To compare the care received at retail clinics for 3 acute conditions with that received at other care settings. D...

    journal_title:Annals of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.7326/0003-4819-151-5-200909010-00006

    authors: Mehrotra A,Liu H,Adams JL,Wang MC,Lave JR,Thygeson NM,Solberg LI,McGlynn EA

    更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00

  • Incompetent patients with limited care in the absence of family consent. A study of socioeconomic and clinical variables.

    abstract::To understand the factors that distinguish terminally ill, incompetent patients who are given do-not-resuscitate status by physicians against the wishes of the patient's family, I reviewed the charts of 20 such patients (cases) seen in consultation by the ethics committee at the Massachusetts General Hospital over 10 ...

    journal_title:Annals of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.7326/0003-4819-109-10-819

    authors: Brennan TA

    更新日期:1988-11-15 00:00:00

  • Physiotherapist-directed exercise, advice, or both for subacute low back pain: a randomized trial.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Advice and exercise are widely recommended for subacute low back pain, but the effectiveness of these interventions is unclear. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effectiveness of physiotherapist-prescribed exercise, advice, or both for subacute low back pain. DESIGN:Factorial randomized, placebo-controlled tria...

    journal_title:Annals of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验

    doi:10.7326/0003-4819-146-11-200706050-00007

    authors: Pengel LH,Refshauge KM,Maher CG,Nicholas MK,Herbert RD,McNair P

    更新日期:2007-06-05 00:00:00

  • Clinical Implications of Revised Pooled Cohort Equations for Estimating Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk.

    abstract:Background:The 2013 pooled cohort equations (PCEs) are central in prevention guidelines for cardiovascular disease (CVD) but can misestimate CVD risk. Objective:To improve the clinical accuracy of CVD risk prediction by revising the 2013 PCEs using newer data and statistical methods. Design:Derivation and validation ...

    journal_title:Annals of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.7326/M17-3011

    authors: Yadlowsky S,Hayward RA,Sussman JB,McClelland RL,Min YI,Basu S

    更新日期:2018-07-03 00:00:00

  • Effects of subclinical thyroid dysfunction on the heart.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Mounting evidence indicates that subclinical thyroid dysfunction has important clinical effects and prognostic implications, supporting the view that it is not a compensated biochemical change sensu strictu. PURPOSE:To review clinical information on the effects of subclinical thyroid dysfunction on the hear...

    journal_title:Annals of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.7326/0003-4819-137-11-200212030-00011

    authors: Biondi B,Palmieri EA,Lombardi G,Fazio S

    更新日期:2002-12-03 00:00:00

  • The anion gap in asymptomatic plasma cell dyscrasias.

    abstract::The presence of a low anion gap in patients with multiple myeloma has recently been emphasized. This has been related to the retention of chloride and bicarbonate anions to offset the cationic charge of the monoclonal immunoglobulins. We now report the presence of a low anion gap in 50 patients with asymptomatic plasm...

    journal_title:Annals of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.7326/0003-4819-86-3-304

    authors: Schnur MJ,Appel GB,Karp G,Osserman EP

    更新日期:1977-03-01 00:00:00

  • Long-term danazol therapy in autoimmune thrombocytopenia: unmaintained remission and age-dependent response in women.

    abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To assess the long-term benefit and side effects of danazol therapy, and to delineate factors influencing the responses in patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenia. DESIGN:Before and after trial. SETTING:Referral-based hematology clinics and the University of Miami teaching hospitals. PATIENTS:Data ...

    journal_title:Annals of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.7326/0003-4819-111-9-723

    authors: Ahn YS,Rocha R,Mylvaganam R,Garcia R,Duncan R,Harrington WJ

    更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00

  • Infections related to medical devices.

    abstract::Medical devices have become an integral part of hospital-based care but also predispose patients to more than 850 000 device-related infections annually. Devices predispose to infection by damaging or invading epithelial and mucosal barriers to infection, by supporting growth of microorganisms and thus serving as rese...

    journal_title:Annals of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.7326/0003-4819-89-5-764

    authors: Stamm WE

    更新日期:1978-11-01 00:00:00

  • Cases in Precision Medicine: A Personalized Approach to Stroke and Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Women.

    abstract::Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among women in the United States, and stroke is third. This article uses a case scenario to examine female sex-specific cardiovascular risk factors across the lifespan and describes a precision medicine-based approach to risk factor modification and primary preventi...

    journal_title:Annals of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.7326/M19-1601

    authors: Bello NA,Miller EC,Cleary KL,Wapner R

    更新日期:2019-12-03 00:00:00

  • Concierge medicine: a "regular" physician's perspective.

    abstract::Concierge medical practices, which advertise expanded access to care and individualized attention, collect charges both from insurance companies and directly from their patients. Some bill hundreds of dollars for one-time "executive" physicals, whereas others have patients pay annual retainer fees. Yet, virtually no d...

    journal_title:Annals of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.7326/0003-4819-152-6-201003160-00009

    authors: Stillman M

    更新日期:2010-03-16 00:00:00

  • Low-dose aspirin for prevention of morbidity and mortality from preeclampsia: a systematic evidence review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Preeclampsia is a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. PURPOSE:To systematically review benefits and harms of low-dose aspirin for preventing morbidity and mortality from preeclampsia. DATA SOURCES:MEDLINE, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, PubMed, and Cochrane Centra...

    journal_title:Annals of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.7326/M13-2844

    authors: Henderson JT,Whitlock EP,O'Connor E,Senger CA,Thompson JH,Rowland MG

    更新日期:2014-05-20 00:00:00

  • Venous limb gangrene during warfarin treatment of cancer-associated deep venous thrombosis.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The cause of cancer-associated venous limb gangrene is unknown but could paradoxically be due to warfarin. OBJECTIVE:To determine the pathogenesis of venous gangrene in a patient with cancer. DESIGN:Case report. SETTING:University hospital in Ontario, Canada. PATIENT:66-year-old woman with metastatic lun...

    journal_title:Annals of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.7326/0003-4819-135-8_part_1-200110160-00009

    authors: Warkentin TE

    更新日期:2001-10-16 00:00:00

  • Meta-analysis: apolipoprotein E genotypes and risk for coronary heart disease.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Apolipoprotein E (apoE) genotypes play critical roles in lipid metabolism and are believed to influence risk for coronary heart disease (CHD). Despite many population studies, however, the impact of apoE polymorphism on risk for CHD remains uncertain. PURPOSE:To qualitatively and quantitatively assess the e...

    journal_title:Annals of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析

    doi:10.7326/0003-4819-141-2-200407200-00013

    authors: Song Y,Stampfer MJ,Liu S

    更新日期:2004-07-20 00:00:00

  • Thirty years of HIV and AIDS: future challenges and opportunities.

    abstract::As the third decade since AIDS was first recognized comes to an end, extraordinary advances have occurred in the understanding, treatment, and prevention of HIV infection and AIDS. As a result of these successes, it is now time to focus on future challenges. Paramount among these is reaching the goal of truly controll...

    journal_title:Annals of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.7326/0003-4819-154-11-201106070-00345

    authors: Dieffenbach CW,Fauci AS

    更新日期:2011-06-07 00:00:00

  • Using nontraditional risk factors in coronary heart disease risk assessment: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement.

    abstract:DESCRIPTION:New recommendation from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) on the use of nontraditional, or novel, risk factors in assessing the coronary heart disease (CHD) risk of asymptomatic persons. METHODS:Systematic reviews were conducted of literature since 1996 on 9 proposed nontraditional markers o...

    journal_title:Annals of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章,实务指引

    doi:10.7326/0003-4819-151-7-200910060-00008

    authors: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.

    更新日期:2009-10-06 00:00:00

  • Crystalluria and urinary tract abnormalities associated with indinavir.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Indinavir, a protease inhibitor widely used to treat patients with HIV infection, has been associated with nephrolithiasis. Distinctive urinary crystals and a spectrum of urologic disorders were noted in patients receiving indinavir. OBJECTIVE:To determine the composition of urinary crystals and the frequen...

    journal_title:Annals of internal medicine

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.7326/0003-4819-127-2-199707150-00004

    authors: Kopp JB,Miller KD,Mican JA,Feuerstein IM,Vaughan E,Baker C,Pannell LK,Falloon J

    更新日期:1997-07-15 00:00:00