Abstract:
PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This article provides an overview of the most recent molecular and clinical outcomes of studies that investigate the effect of weight loss and calorie restriction on carbohydrate metabolism, obtained either by dieting or bariatric surgery. It will focus on aspects of carbohydrate metabolism related to insulin action. The discussion begins by describing attempts to restrain calories by shifting the macronutrient balance from carbohydrates to a higher protein and fat content. The topics covered include insulin secretion and resistance, glucose homeostasis and allostasis, changes in the secretive patterns of adipose tissue and the entero-insular axis. RECENT FINDINGS:Any improvement in glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity and secretion after a low-carbohydrate high-fat diet is still unproved. However, the restriction of dietary carbohydrate seems to reduce glycogenolysis and endogenous glucose production in type 2 diabetes mellitus, thus inducing the amelioration of plasma glucose levels, ultimately resulting in a reduction in the glycated haemoglobin concentration. The increased endogenous glucose production caused by enhanced gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, reduced insulin sensitivity, mainly caused by acquired defects of glucose transport and phosphorylation, and the impairment of insulin secretion all together contribute to maintain a chronic status of hyperglycaemia. Weight loss and calorie restriction restore glucose homeostasis and produce changes in the secretive activities of adipose tissue and the entero-insular axis. SUMMARY:Weight loss and calorie restriction partly explain the positive changes of glucose disposal. The multistep interaction of several factors at sites of insulin action, insulin secretion, adipose tissue and the entero-insular axis needs further investigation.
journal_name
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Carejournal_title
Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic careauthors
Manco M,Mingrone Gdoi
10.1097/01.mco.0000172585.09762.8esubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-07-01 00:00:00pages
431-9issue
4eissn
1363-1950issn
1473-6519pii
00075197-200507000-00016journal_volume
8pub_type
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journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.mco.0000222103.29009.70
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Ketone body metabolism is a dynamic and integrated metabolic node in human physiology, whose roles include but extend beyond alternative fuel provision during carbohydrate restriction. Here we discuss the most recent observations suggesting that ketosis coordinates cellular function via epigenomic reg...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:There is increased evidence of several impaired gastrointestinal functions with ageing. In the elderly, however, most gastrointestinal functions remain relatively intact because of the large reserve capacity of the intestine and the great secretion capacity of the pancreas. This review will focus on c...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00075197-200301000-00008
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
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doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e3283186f59
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0000000000000523
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e3280141ff4
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e32835f81b9
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0000000000000088
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00075197-199803000-00012
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The liver plays a central role in the control of glucose production. It is also involved in the regulation of insulin secretion and sensitivity through neural pathways. This review will address recent developments in the mechanisms by which hepatic metabolism affects glucose homeostasis in health and disease. Oral glu...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00075197-200107000-00005
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The aim of this study was to highlight recent evidence on protein requirement and physical activity recommendations in older adults and their interrelationship. RECENT FINDINGS:Higher protein intake in older adults is beneficial for better physical function, reduced fracture risk, healthy ageing and ...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MCO.0000000000000685
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To summarize the literature concerning the relationship between meal patterns and childhood obesity. Literature searches of MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library were performed in October 2009 for studies published in the last 18-24 months. RECENT FINDINGS:Available data indicate that not only meal compos...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e32833681a2
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To highlight recent research that has contributed to an improved understanding of, or resulted in, important changes in the approach to feeding HIV-exposed infants. RECENT FINDINGS:The administration of antiretroviral therapy to a HIV-positive pregnant woman and its continued use during breast-feedin...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e328337321a
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00075197-199811000-00003
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:There are concerns about the rising incidence of obesity in children and their acceptance of healthy foods. Many factors affect children's food acceptance, the most salient are those enabling early exposure to culturally appropriate foods in the weaning or pre-weaning period. Parents, however, have al...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e3282f9e228
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0000000000000398
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The purpose of this review is to highlight recent methodological advances that have helped us to understand the role of intramuscular triglycerides in human health as well as prevention and treatment of disease. In addition to both invasive (muscle biopsy) and noninvasive methods, techniques to assess...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.mco.0000241664.38385.12
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The pathogenesis of coronary heart disease is of multifactorial origin. Probably, not all risk factors are satisfactorily understood. This article outlines beneficial vitamin D effects on cardiac function and the vasculature. In addition, human data associating serum vitamin D metabolite levels or ora...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e328312c33f
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Trehalose is a disaccharide with manifold industrial, commercial and biomedical uses. In the decade following its initial definition as an autophagy-inducing agent, significant advances have been realized in regard to the applicable clinical and preclinical contexts in which trehalose can be deployed....
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0000000000000568
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0000000000000452
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e3283545a6d
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e328357f747
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e32832c97c3
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The purpose of the present review is to evaluate the most recent evidence for a role of antioxidant nutrients in the prevention or delay in progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a major cause of visual impairment and blindness in the aging population. RECENT FINDINGS:Recent human stu...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e32833308ff
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00075197-200205000-00014
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Occlusions of central venous catheters in service are frequent, but the random nature of the problem has resulted in a piecemeal approach to solving it. The purpose of this review is to examine what is known from past and recent publications and to recommend strategies for future investigations. RECE...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.mco.0000165006.39449.1f
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The gastrointestinal tract plays an important role in the maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance, and its diseases cause disturbances in that balance. Conversely, fluid and electrolyte disorders may disturb gastrointestinal function. The purpose of this review is to highlight some recent literat...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00075197-200503000-00015
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The aim of the present review is to provide insights into the future therapeutic approaches to cancer-related muscle wasting that flow from the progressive knowledge of mechanisms regulating muscle mass in health and disease. RECENT FINDINGS:Cancer cachexia is a severely debilitating and life-threate...
journal_title:Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.mco.0000134366.07148.2e
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00