Abstract：
:Because the presence or absence of memories in the brain cannot be directly observed, scientists must rely on indirect measures and use inferential reasoning to make statements about the status of memories. In humans, memories are often accessed through spoken or written language. In animals, memory is accessed through overt behaviours such as running down an arm in a maze, pressing a lever, or visiting a food cache site. Because memory is measured by these indirect methods, errors in the veracity of statements about memory can occur. In this brief paper, we identify three areas that may serve as pitfalls in reasoning about memory in animals: (1) the presence of 'silent associations', (2) intrusions of species-typical behaviours on memory tasks, and (3) improper mapping between human and animals memory tasks. There are undoubtedly other areas in which scientists should act cautiously when reasoning about the status of memory.
journal_name
Neurosci Biobehav Revjournal_title
Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviewsauthors
Thorpe CM,Jacova C,Wilkie DMdoi
10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.09.013subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-11-01 00:00:00pages
711-8issue
7eissn
0149-7634issn
1873-7528pii
S0149-7634(04)00095-8journal_volume
28pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Responding to stimuli in ambiguous environments is partially governed by approach-avoidance tendencies. Imbalances in these approach-avoidance behaviors are implicated in many mental disorders including anxiety disorders, phobias and substance use disorders. While factors biasing human behavior in approach-avoidance c...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
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journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
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journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
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journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
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journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
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journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
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journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
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journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
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更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
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journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0149-7634(96)00040-1
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journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
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journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
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journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
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journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
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journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
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更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
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journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
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journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
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abstract：:In contrast to well-documented deficits in the core social cognitive domains of social perception and theory of mind (ToM), how Parkinson's disease (PD) affects one's empathic capacity remains poorly understood. The current study provides the first meta-analytic review of both ToM and empathy as broad constructs, and ...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
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journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ritual behavior is ubiquitous, marking animal motor patterns, normal and psychopathological behavior in human individuals as well as every human culture. Moreover, formal features of rituals appear to be highly conserved along phylogeny and characterized by a circular and spatio-temporal structure typical of habitual ...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
