Abstract：
:In Kenya in 1999, an estimated 6.9% of women nationally said they had exchanged sex for money, gifts or favours in the previous year. In 2000 and 2001, in collaboration with sex workers who had formed a network of self-help groups, we conducted an exploratory survey among 475 sex workers in four rural towns and three Nairobi townships, regarding where they worked, the number of clients they had and the risks they were exposed to. Participants were identified by a network of social contacts in the seven centres. Most of the women (88%) worked from bars, hotels, bus stages and discos; 57% lived with a stable partner and almost 90% had dependent children. In the previous month, 17% had been assaulted and 35% raped by clients. Unwanted pregnancy was common; 86% had had at least one abortion. Compared with women in rural towns, township sex workers were younger (median age 22 vs. 26), saw more clients (median 9 vs. 4 per week) and earned more from sex work (up to 63-90 euros vs. 12 euros per week). Issues of alternative sources of income, safety for sex workers and the conditions which create the necessity for sex work are vital to address. The question of number of clients and the nature of sex work have obvious implications for HIV/STI prevention policy.
journal_name
Reprod Health Mattersjournal_title
Reproductive health mattersauthors
Elmore-Meegan M,Conroy RM,Agala CBdoi
10.1016/s0968-8080(04)23125-1subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-05-01 00:00:00pages
50-7issue
23eissn
0968-8080issn
1460-9576journal_volume
12pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Sex workers remain a vulnerable population at risk for HIV acquisition and transmission. Research suggests that interventions at the individual level, such as condom distribution, are less effective in preventing HIV among sex workers than structural changes such as allowing safer work settings and reducing the harass...
journal_title：Reproductive health matters
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Reproductive health matters
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更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Reproductive health matters
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doi：10.1016/s0968-8080(05)25182-0
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Reproductive health matters
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更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Abortion has been available legally in Moldova since 1955, and since then the abortion rate has gradually declined. The quality of abortion care remains low, however, and there is a high level of maternal mortality related to unsafe abortion. The goals of the 2005-2015 National Reproductive Health Strategy are to redu...
journal_title：Reproductive health matters
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更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Reproductive health matters
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doi：10.1016/s0968-8080(04)24152-0
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Reproductive health matters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0968-8080(10)36529-3
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Reproductive health matters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0968-8080(14)43766-2
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Reproductive health matters
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更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Abortion was completely illegal in Portugal until 1984. Illegal abortion provision was a matter of silence until then and treated as a "black market" issue rather than as a health issue. The first attempts to change the abortion law began in 1982 after two trials and a national campaign for legal abortion and contrace...
journal_title：Reproductive health matters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0968-8080(02)00025-3
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Women and girls are increasingly the direct and targeted victims of armed conflict and studies show that they are disproportionately and differentially affected. However, humanitarian laws, policies, and protocols have yet to be meaningfully interpreted and adapted to respond to their specific needs, including to sexu...
journal_title：Reproductive health matters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/09688080.2017.1400361
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although the female condom has been introduced into over 90 countries since 1997, it has only been accepted in sexual and reproductive health programmes as a mainstream method in a few. This paper describes introductory strategies developed by Ministries of Health and non-governmental organisations in Brazil, Ghana, Z...
journal_title：Reproductive health matters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0968-8080(03)02178-5
更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Reproductive health matters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.rhm.2015.11.008
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Reproductive health matters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0968-8080(06)27229-X
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Young Men's Project has been working with young men and young fathers as part of Great Yarmouth Primary Care Trust in the UK since June 2001. The Project works in schools and other educational environments to promote positive personal development, particularly around sex and relationships, and to increase accessib...
journal_title：Reproductive health matters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0968-8080(06)28252-1
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Integrated reproductive health services for people living with HIV must address their fertility intentions. For HIV-serodiscordant couples who want to conceive, attempted conception confers a substantial risk of HIV transmission to the uninfected partner. Behavioral and pharmacologic strategies may reduce HIV transmis...
journal_title：Reproductive health matters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0968-8080(12)39639-0
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:On 25 July 2001 the Polish Federation for Women and Family Planning organised a Tribunal on Abortion Rights in Warsaw, to publicize the negative consequences of the criminalization of abortion in Poland. A panel of Polish and foreign experts heard the testimonials of seven Polish women's experiences under the 1993 "An...
journal_title：Reproductive health matters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0968-8080(02)00023-x
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Outdated second trimester abortion methods are still being used in some countries, and very few studies have compared them to currently recommended methods. To this end, we studied the efficacy and safety of vaginal misoprostol used alone for abortions in 189 women at 13-20 weeks gestation, in 2004-2006. We also retro...
journal_title：Reproductive health matters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0968-8080(08)31392-5
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Reproductive health matters
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:South Africa's cervical screening policy recommends three free Pap smears at ten-year intervals for all women over 30 years of age, aiming to achieve 70% coverage by 2010 by targeting the age group most at risk of developing pre-cancerous cervical lesions. Attaining wide coverage requires an adequate supply of motivat...
journal_title：Reproductive health matters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0968-8080(08)32403-3
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:'Microbicide' is the name for a number of new products currently under research which could become a new class of barrier method for use in the vagina and rectum for protection against HIV, prevention and/or treatment of other sexually transmitted diseases and/or act as a contraceptive. This is a summary report of thi...
journal_title：Reproductive health matters
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更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although the HIV epidemic among men who have sex with men (MSM) in South Africa preceded the onset of the generalised HIV epidemic by several years, current policies and programmes focus on heterosexual transmission and mother-to-child transmission. We used an adaptation of the UNAIDS Country Harmonised Alignment Tool...
journal_title：Reproductive health matters
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doi：10.1016/S0968-8080(09)33442-4
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In Uganda, lack of resources and skilled staff to improve quality and delivery of maternity services, despite good policies and concerted efforts, have not yielded an increase in utilisation of these services by women or a reduction in the high ratio of maternal deaths. This paper reports a study conducted from Novemb...
journal_title：Reproductive health matters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0968-8080(03)02176-1
更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In 1978 the abortion law was liberalised in Norway. It permits abortion on request up to 12 weeks of pregnancy, and after that with the agreement of a medical commission, taking the woman's own views into consideration. In 2003, 96% of abortions took place before 12 weeks of pregnancy. There is considerable support am...
journal_title：Reproductive health matters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0968-8080(04)24016-2
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Understanding the flow of resources at the country level to reproductive health is essential for effective financing of this key component of health. This paper gives a comprehensive picture of the allocation of resources for reproductive health in Kenya and the challenges faced in the resource-tracking process. Data ...
journal_title：Reproductive health matters
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A trained health service workforce is critical to ensuring good quality service delivery to people with HIV. There is only limited documented information on the challenges and constraints facing health care providers in meeting the sexual and reproductive health needs of HIV positive women and men. This paper reviews ...
journal_title：Reproductive health matters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0968-8080(07)29030-5
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although the majority of births in Mexico are attended by skilled birth attendants, maternal mortality remains moderately high, raising questions about the quality of training and delivery care. We conducted an exhaustive review of the curricula of three representative schools for the education and clinical preparatio...
journal_title：Reproductive health matters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0968-8080(07)30332-7
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Organizational changes, increased funding and the demands of HIV antiretroviral (ARV) treatment create particular challenges for governance in the health sector. We assess resource allocation, policy making and integration of the national responses to ARV provision and reproductive health in Burkina Faso, using nation...
journal_title：Reproductive health matters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0968-8080(11)38587-4
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper is about the economic consequences of the stigmatisation and illegality of abortion and its almost complete removal from public health services in Poland since the late 1980s. Once abortion left the public sphere, it entered the grey zone of private arrangements, in which a woman's private worries became so...
journal_title：Reproductive health matters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0968-8080(11)37548-9
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
