Abstract:
:Retroviruses have been suggested as possible pathogenic factors in multiple sclerosis (MS), supported by the observation that endogenous retroviruses are activated in MS patients. Different members of the herpes family of which several are neurotropic have also been suggested as factors in MS pathogenesis. Further, interactions between retroviruses and herpes viruses have been implied in the development of MS. The objective of the study was investigation of cell-mediated immune responses of MS patients to retrovirus and herpes virus antigens, particularly antigen combinations, with analyses of the influence of retrovirus antigens on cellular immunological reactivity toward other viral antigens. Cellular immunity as measured by blast transformation assays was analyzed using freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 47 MS patients and 36 healthy volunteers. Combinations of the endogenous retrovirus HERV-H and herpes virus antigens resulted in highly increased cellular immune responses among both the MS patients and healthy subjects. The increase was synergistic in character in most samples. Very pronounced effects were obtained using HHV-6A and HSV-1 antigens. Blast transformation assays combining antigens from two different herpes viruses or combinations of measles and herpes antigens showed no synergy. The obtained data indicate a pronounced synergistic effect on the cellular immune response when retrovirus and herpes antigens are present together. The cause of the synergy is unknown so far. The effect on the immune response may influence the disease progression.
journal_name
AIDS Res Hum Retrovirusesjournal_title
AIDS research and human retrovirusesauthors
Brudek T,Christensen T,Hansen HJ,Bobecka J,Møller-Larsen Adoi
10.1089/088922204323048168subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-04-01 00:00:00pages
415-23issue
4eissn
0889-2229issn
1931-8405journal_volume
20pub_type
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journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/0889222041524544
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::During HIV-1 infection, distinct biological phenotypes are observed between R5 and X4 HIV-1 strains with respect to pathogenicity and tropism. In this study, temporal changes of the expression levels of the complete human transcriptome, representing 47,000 well-characterized human transcripts, were monitored in the fi...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2007.0120
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1997.13.529
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2005.21.981
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/088922203771881239
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1990.6.1425
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2004.20.1183
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2010.0046
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/088922299310395
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journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2006.22.83
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1089/aid.2007.0292
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1993.9.709
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1996.12.1639
更新日期:1996-11-20 00:00:00
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journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1996.12.1427
更新日期:1996-10-10 00:00:00
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journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2015.0026
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/088922203766774568
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2017.0066
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1996.12.1041
更新日期:1996-07-20 00:00:00
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journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
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journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/AID.2010.0215
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1990.6.617
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journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/AID.2016.0168
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1089/AID.2018.0102
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Enfuvirtide (ENF) is the first of a new class of antiretrovirals (ARVs) known as the HIV fusion inhibitors. Two phase III studies of ENF, TORO 1 and TORO 2, demonstrated that ENF given in combination with optimized background (OB) therapy significantly improved virological response, increased the time to virological f...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2006.22.240
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2007.0090
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2010.0067
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::HIV prevalence is the most commonly used measure to prioritize communities for HIV prevention. We show that data on two HIV infection stages (early vs. nonearly and late vs. nonlate) allow estimation of two better measures of prevention need: HIV incidence (for prevention of HIV acquisition) and expected probability o...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2009.0236
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00