Abstract:
:We have used a panel of anti-gp160 MAbs to construct anti-HIV immunotoxins by coupling antibodies to ricin A chain (RAC). The ability of the immunotoxins to kill HIV-1-infected cells and halt the spread of infection was tested in tissue culture on persistently and acutely infected cell lines and primary lymphocyte cultures stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA blasts). Laboratory strains and clinical isolates of HIV both were tested. The constitution and antigen-binding capacity of the immunotoxins were confirmed by ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence. Immunotoxins that bind epitopes exposed on the cell surface effectively killed persistently infected cells, although killing was not directly proportional to binding of immunotoxin to cell. The activity of anti-gp41, but not anti-gp120, immunotoxins was markedly enhanced in the presence of soluble CD4 or peptides corresponding to the CDR3 region of CD4. CD4-mediated enhancement of anti-gp41 immunotoxin activity was observed for laboratory strains neutralized by sCD4 and for clinical isolates that were resistant to neutralization by sCD4. Immunotoxin action was potentiated by brefeldin A, bafilomycin A1, cortisone, and an amphipathic fusion peptide, but not by cytochalasin D, nocodazol, monodansyl cadaverine, or trans-retinoic acid. Anti-HIV immunotoxins are useful tool with which to study the functional expression of gp120/gp41 antigens on the surface of HIV-infected cells, as well as potential AIDS therapeutics. Because these studies relate to the accessibility of viral antigens to antibody-mediated attack, these studies also have relevance for vaccine development.
journal_name
AIDS Res Hum Retrovirusesjournal_title
AIDS research and human retrovirusesauthors
Pincus SH,Wehrly K,Cole R,Fang H,Lewis GK,McClure J,Conley AJ,Wahren B,Posner MR,Notkins AL,Tilley SA,Pinter A,Eiden L,Teintze M,Dorward D,Tolstikov VVdoi
10.1089/aid.1996.12.1041subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-07-20 00:00:00pages
1041-51issue
11eissn
0889-2229issn
1931-8405journal_volume
12pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Many aspects of HIV-1 pathogenesis are affected by Nef protein activity, and efforts have been made to study variation in the nef gene and how that variation relates to disease outcome. We studied the genetic diversity of the nef gene in distinct clones obtained from the same patient (intrahost) and in sequences obtai...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2009.0061
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A molecular epidemiologic study of HIV-1 in Greenland showed distinct transmission clusters correlated with demographic and behavioral data. Resistance mutations were found in a majority of the pol sequences. The objective of the present study was to estimate prevalence of drug resistance in Greenland and identify tra...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2008.0049
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, the relationship between biological phenotypes, coreceptor usages, and sequence patterns of V1V2 or V3 regions on HIV-1 envelope gp 120 was carefully analyzed based on the existing isolates in the Los Alamos National Laboratory sequence database. Obviously, SI/NSI phenotypes were closely linked to the c...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2005.21.234
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::HIV-1 transcripts are generated through a complex alternative splicing mechanism, resulting in the production of multiple RNAs coding for each viral protein. HIV-1 RNA splicing has been analyzed mostly in in vitro assays, and in vivo data are scarce. Here we analyze HIV-1 transcripts generated in peripheral blood mono...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2010.0011
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interleukin-15 (IL-15) enhances the effector mechanisms of anti-HIV immune responses and thus is considered a potential adjuvant of HIV-1 vaccine. However, there are a lack of data concerning the relationships between IL-15 expression and regulation in HIV-1-infected patients and the course of disease progression. We ...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/AID.2010.0317
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immunoliposomes containing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to the costimulatory molecules CD28 and CTLA4 and their counterreceptors B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86) were evaluated for the ability to increase the immune response to recombinant envelope protein rgp120 of the MN strain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1998.14.409
更新日期:1998-03-20 00:00:00
abstract::The conditioned medium of a HTLV-I-carrying T cell line HUT-102 showed cytotoxic activity against a mouse fibroblast cell line L-M. We prepared the cDNA library from HUT-102 poly(A)+ RNA and screened it using oligonucleotide probes that correspond to the amino acid sequences conserved in tumor necrosis factor (TNF) an...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1989.5.663
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with lower serum concentration of low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), the primary cholesterol metabolite targeted pharmaceutically to modulate cardiovascular risk. Chronic infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and treatment with antiretrovirals (ARVs) ar...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/AID.2015.0170
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transcriptional regulation is critical for the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) life cycle and is the only step at which the virus amplifies the content of its genetic information. Numerous known and still unknown transcriptional factors, both host and viral, regulate HIV-1 gene expression and latency. This arti...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1089/AID.2011.0263
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::HIV type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoproteins (Env) mediate virus entry and are the target of neutralizing antibodies. Binding of the metastable HIV-1 Env trimer to the CD4 receptor triggers structural rearrangements that mediate Env conformational transitions from a closed conformation to a more open state through an int...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1089/AID.2018.0102
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients with HIV-1 and human T-lymphotropic virus type 2 (HTLV-2) coinfections often exhibit a clinical course similar to that seen in HIV-1-infected individuals who are long-term nonprogressors. These findings have been attributed in part to the ability of HTLV-2 to activate production of antiviral chemokines and to...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2013.0027
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The transmembrane envelope (TM) protein gp41 of HIV-1 is an attractive target when designing a vaccine to induce neutralizing antibodies. A few broadly neutralizing antibodies (2F5, 4E10, and 10E8) that target conserved epitopes in the membrane proximal external region (MPER) of gp41 have been isolated from infected i...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/AID.2013.0191
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intense research into fundamental processes of human immunodeficiency syndrome type 1 (HIV-1) replication has yielded knowledge that in many aspects equals or exceeds that of the oncogenic retroviruses. The availability of sensitive virus detection methods has allowed a more thorough characterization of the biology of...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1089/aid.1992.8.107
更新日期:1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Covert vertical transmission of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), the feline counterpart of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), was identified in kittens born to FIV-infected cats. DNA PCR detected FIV gag and env sequences in tissues from kittens nonviable at birth, and in viable kittens monitored postnat...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/088922203765551764
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In October of 2019, researchers and community members from around the world met at the NIH for the fifth annual International Workshop on Microbiome in HIV. New research was presented on the role of the microbiome on chronic inflammation and vaccine design, interactions of genetics, environment, sexual practice and HI...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/AID.2020.0121
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of ritonavir as a protease inhibitor boost is rare in sub-Saharan Africa because a heat-stable formula is not available. We report the results of an open-label pilot trial with unboosted atazanavir in combination with lamivudine and didanosine as first-line therapy conducted in Senegal. Treatment-naive HIV-1 i...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2009.0123
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Persons living with HIV (PLWH) with substance use disorders (SUD) remain a population difficult to engage in HIV care. Project HOPE (Hospital Visits as an Opportunity for Prevention and Engagement), a randomized controlled trial testing patient navigation with/without contingency management for PLWH with SUD, aimed to...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/AID.2019.0153
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Investigations into the use of baboons as organ donors for human transplant recipients, a procedure called xenotransplantation, have raised the specter of transmitting baboon viruses to humans and possibly establishing new human infectious diseases. Retrospective analysis of tissues from two human transplant recipient...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1998.14.821
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of HIV-1 very low-level viremia (<50 copies/ml) on the 2-year risk of virological failure. A retrospective analysis including HIV-positive patients presenting two consecutive HIV RNA below 50 copies/ml (outpatient clinic in Italy, first semester of 2010) was performed. ...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/AID.2015.0102
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Differences in emergence of HIV resistance between subtypes B and C in vitro and potential implications on tenofovir alafenamide efficacy in vivo were evaluated. Dose escalation resistance selections showed K65R emerging earlier for subtype C viruses in vitro, as previously reported. Viral breakthrough experiments at ...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/AID.2017.0248
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Both HIV and EIAV belong to the retroviridae family and lentivirus genus. Two variable regions (V3 and V4) of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) gp90 and two variable regions (V1 and V2) of HIV gp120 possibly adopt the same topology. We have studied the N-glycosylation properties and B cell linear epitope distribut...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2005.21.1057
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein complex (Env) can be stabilized by the introduction of a disulfide bond between the gp120 and gp41 subunits. The resulting protein is monomeric, but trimerization can be improved by the introduction of a single helix-breaking residue at the conserved Ile559 site in the N-terminal heptad...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/0889222041524544
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Differences in the extent of genetic diversity have been observed in human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) envelope sequences early in infection, and this has been linked to gender and to modifiable exogenous factors such as hormonal contraceptive use and genital tract infections. But it is unclear whether envel...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2006.22.430
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Am important aspect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection is the regulation of its expression by nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) by redox-controlled signal transduction pathways. In this study, we demonstrate that selenium supplementation can effectively increase glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity i...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1994.10.1451
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human T-lymphotrophic virus type II (HTLV-II) has not yet been associated with any disease. Little is known about the proviral loads of HTLV-II in vivo and its relationship, if any, to lack of pathogenicity. We determined the HTLV-II proviral copy number in peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) samples from 49 HTLV-II-inf...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1995.11.1235
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of abacavir (ABC) may be associated with a hypersensitivity reaction (HSR) that requires discontinuation of the drug. The HLA-B*5701 allele has been linked to this HSR. Information on the strength of this association across distinct geographic regions and ethnicities is scarce. We tested HLA-B*5701 in 53 Spani...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2006.0244
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::CRF01_AE is one of the four dominant HIV-1 strains circulating in China. In this study, we performed genetic and phenotypic analyses using a total of 60 full-length envelope gene clones from 14 HIV-1-infected individuals in the Beijing area. Among the 60 sequences analyzed, 32 have a complete open reading frame (ORF),...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/AID.2015.0377
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Depletion of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and mtDNA-encoded respiratory chain proteins in subcutaneous (SC) fat from patients with HIV lipoatrophy have clearly demonstrated the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in this syndrome. Research in HIV lipoatrophy, however, has been severely hampered by the lack of a suitable su...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2007.0262
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new HIV-1 circulating recombinant form (CRF), CRF33_01B, has been identified in Malaysia. Concurrently we found a unique recombinant form (URF), that is, the HIV-1 isolate 06MYKLD46, in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It is composed of B or a Thai variant of the B subtype (B') and CRF01_AE. Here, we determined the near full...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2007.0056
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inhibitory factors to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in saliva may be responsible for the infrequent isolation of virus from saliva and also may account for the marked infrequency of salivary and/or oral transmission of HIV-1. Incubation of HIV-1 with human saliva followed by addition of the mixture to su...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1990.6.1425
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00