Abnormal stimulation of the thyrotrophin receptor during gestation.

abstract：BACKGROUND:Activins are members of the pleiotrophic family of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily of cytokines, initially isolated for their capacity to induce the release of FSH from pituitary extracts. Subsequent research has demonstrated that activins are involved in multiple biological functions...

journal_title：Human reproduction update

authors： Wijayarathna R,de Kretser DM

更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The examination of fetal cells, specifically erythroblasts, and cell-free fetal DNA from the blood of pregnant women is currently the subject of intense research with the aim of developing new risk-free methods for prenatal diagnosis. An unexpected finding made during these studies was that the traffic of fetal erythr...

journal_title：Human reproduction update

authors： Hahn S,Holzgreve W

更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hormonal contraception has become more effective and more widely used, while the world population has grown from 3000 million in 1960 to 6000 million in 2000. There is a need for improved contraception, because legal abortion is used in a high proportion of pregnancies and illegal abortion continues to be common in so...

journal_title：Human reproduction update

authors：

更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Early during human development, the trophoblast lineage differentiates to commence placentation. Where the placenta contacts the uterine decidua, extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cells differentiate and invade maternal tissues. EVT cells, identified by expression of HLA-G, invade into uterine blood vessels (en...

journal_title：Human reproduction update

authors： Moser G,Drewlo S,Huppertz B,Armant DR

更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The long-term clinical effects of ethinyl estradiol and the impact on environmental safety of the alkylated estrogen components used in combined contraceptive pills remain the subject of debate. The development of improved methods for the use of progestogen-only contraception would represent a viable and desirable opt...

journal_title：Human reproduction update

authors： Collins J,Crosignani PG,ESHRE Capri Workshop Group.

更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Uterine malformations consist of a group of miscellaneous congenital anomalies of the female genital system. Their mean prevalence in the general population and in the population of fertile women is approximately 4.3%, in infertile patients approximately 3.5% and in patients with recurrent pregnancy losses approximate...

journal_title：Human reproduction update

authors： Grimbizis GF,Camus M,Tarlatzis BC,Bontis JN,Devroey P

更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Varicocele is often cited as the most common cause of male factor infertility. Arguments in support of this statement include reports of increased prevalence of varicocele in populations of infertile men compared with fertile or otherwise unselected men, association of varicocele with abnormal semen parameters, and im...

journal_title：Human reproduction update

authors： Redmon JB,Carey P,Pryor JL

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:IUI for unexplained infertility can be performed in a natural cycle or in combination with ovarian stimulation. A disadvantage of ovarian stimulation is an increased risk of multiple pregnancies with its inherent maternal and neonatal complication risks. Stimulation agents for ovarian stimulation are clomiph...

journal_title：Human reproduction update

authors： Danhof NA,Wang R,van Wely M,van der Veen F,Mol BWJ,Mochtar MH

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The Fifth Evian Annual Reproduction (EVAR) Workshop Meeting discussed knowledge regarding contemporary genetics in female reproduction. METHODS:Specialist reproductive medicine clinicians and geneticists delivered presentations based on published literature and current research. The content of this report i...

journal_title：Human reproduction update

authors： Evian Annual Reproduction (EVAR) Workshop Group 2010.,Fauser BC,Diedrich K,Bouchard P,Domínguez F,Matzuk M,Franks S,Hamamah S,Simón C,Devroey P,Ezcurra D,Howles CM

更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Amenorrhoea associated with reduced caloric intake and strenuous exercise leads to hypoestrogenism and is associated with clinical manifestations that include disordered eating, stress fractures, osteoporosis, and, as recently reported, a potential increase in the risk of premature cardiovascular disease. Disordered e...

journal_title：Human reproduction update

authors： De Souza MJ,Williams NI

更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate whether the addition of GnRH agonist for luteal support in ICSI/IVF cycles enhances the probability of live birth. METHODS:Systematic literature search (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL and RCT registries) was conducted to identify relevant randomi...

journal_title：Human reproduction update

authors： Kyrou D,Kolibianakis EM,Fatemi HM,Tarlatzi TB,Devroey P,Tarlatzis BC

更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Conservative management of at least part of both the ovary and uterus can be proposed in patients with borderline ovarian tumour, in order to preserve fertility potential. This conservative management could be carried out even in patients with borderline ovarian tumour associated with non-invasive peritoneal implants ...

journal_title：Human reproduction update

authors： Morice P,Camatte S,Wicart-Poque F,Atallah D,Rouzier R,Pautier P,Pomel C,Lhommé C,Duvillard P,Castaigne D

更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:More than 15 million women, many of reproductive age, were infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) at the end of 2007. As the HIV epidemic evolves, heterosexual intercourse is increasingly risky: the risk of infection in exposed young women is 4- to 7-fold higher than in young men and nearly half a ...

journal_title：Human reproduction update

authors： Heikinheimo O,Lähteenmäki P

更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The wide use of assisted conception methods has risen dramatically. The greater proportion of singletons, twins and high order of multiplicity conceived by those methods have already focused the medical community to various obstetric complications. Recently, there have been suggestions that the levels of mid-gestation...

journal_title：Human reproduction update

authors： Maymon R,Dreazen E,Weinraub Z,Bukovsky I,Herman A

更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The human ovary is a dynamic organ which continually changes in size and activity through life, as an integral part of the changes that the female is going through before during and after her reproductive life. Following the rapid increase in the use of transvaginal scan in recent years, the measurement of ovarian vol...

journal_title：Human reproduction update

authors： Lass A,Brinsden P

更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review presents detailed risk estimates from relevant epidemiological and other studies on the comparative safety of second and third generation oral contraceptives (OC). Written with the intention of presenting a repository of the available information, it also discourses briefly into the symptomatology and diag...

journal_title：Human reproduction update

authors： Edwards RG,Cohen J

更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The prevalence of congenital uterine anomalies in high-risk women is unclear, as several different diagnostic approaches have been applied to different groups of patients. This review aims to evaluate the prevalence of such anomalies in unselected populations and in women with infertility, including those un...

journal_title：Human reproduction update

authors： Chan YY,Jayaprakasan K,Zamora J,Thornton JG,Raine-Fenning N,Coomarasamy A

更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In 1987, Nigel Harris cautioned against over-diagnosing the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). In what was a rather prophetic editorial titled 'The Syndrome of the Black Swan', he suggested that while patients with APS do indeed exist, they are probably much more unusual than many medical professionals might like to bel...

journal_title：Human reproduction update

authors： Clark CA,Laskin CA,Spitzer KA

更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Because of the substantial energy demands of reproduction, the brain must temper the fertility of individuals to match nutritional availability. Under-nutrition is associated with infertility in humans and animals. The brain uses adipose- and gut-derived hormones, such as leptin, insulin and ghrelin, to modu...

journal_title：Human reproduction update

authors： Evans JJ,Anderson GM

更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Genetic testing of preimplantation embryos has been used for preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) and preimplantation genetic screening (PGS). Microarray technology is being introduced in both these contexts, and whole genome sequencing of blastomeres is also expeted to become possible soon. The amount of...

journal_title：Human reproduction update

authors： Hens K,Dondorp W,Handyside AH,Harper J,Newson AJ,Pennings G,Rehmann-Sutter C,de Wert G

更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the male genital tract, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated by spermatozoa and leukocytes including neutrophils and macrophages. ROS are involved in the regulation of sperm functions such as capacitation and the acrosome reaction. Infections lead to an excessive ROS production, resulting in an 'oxidative bu...

journal_title：Human reproduction update

authors： Ochsendorf FR

更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:BACKGROUND Endometriosis associated with pain symptoms in adolescents has been extensively reported, but the exact prevalence is unclear because pain symptoms may be atypical and endometriosis can only be diagnosed by laparoscopy. The aim of this paper is to provide a systematic review of the prevalence of endometrios...

journal_title：Human reproduction update

authors： Janssen EB,Rijkers AC,Hoppenbrouwers K,Meuleman C,D'Hooghe TM

更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGFBP-1) is particularly important in human female reproductive physiology, where it is involved with other factors in a complex system which regulates menstrual cycles, puberty, ovulation, decidualization, implantation and fetal growth. This has implications for clinical obstetrics and g...

journal_title：Human reproduction update

authors： Fowler DJ,Nicolaides KH,Miell JP

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Fear from increased cancer risk is one of the most significant reasons for low acceptance of reliable contraceptive methods and low compliance. METHODS:In this review, we included all cohort and case-control studies published in English up to December 2008. They were identified through a search of the liter...

journal_title：Human reproduction update

authors： Cibula D,Gompel A,Mueck AO,La Vecchia C,Hannaford PC,Skouby SO,Zikan M,Dusek L

更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is one of the two pituitary gonadotrophins involved in the regulation of gonadal function. Structurally, this gonadotrophin is a heterodimer composed of two non-covalently associated subunits containing several heterogenous oligosaccharide residues which play an important role in bot...

journal_title：Human reproduction update

authors： Ulloa-Aguirre A,Timossi C

更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Threatened miscarriage affects one in five women and is associated with significant emotional distress. The uncertainty around the prognosis of threatened miscarriage makes it equally challenging to the healthcare professionals. Various biochemical markers have been investigated in the past to predict the ou...

journal_title：Human reproduction update

authors： Pillai RN,Konje JC,Tincello DG,Potdar N

更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Approximately half recurrent miscarriage (RM) cases remain unexplained after standard investigations. Secondary RM (SRM) is, in contrast to primary RM, preceded by a birth, which increases the transfer of fetal cells into the maternal circulation. Mothers of boys are often immunized against male-specific min...

journal_title：Human reproduction update

authors： Nielsen HS

更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Following its benchmark discovery, nitric oxide (NO) is now known to play important functional roles in a variety of physiological systems. Within the vasculature, NO induces vasodilation, inhibits platelet aggregation, prevents neutrophil/platelet adhesion to endothelial cells, inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferati...

journal_title：Human reproduction update

authors： Rosselli M,Keller PJ,Dubey RK

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The use of nuclear transfer (NT) has been proposed as a novel reproductive treatment to overcome the transmission of maternally-inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. Pathogenic mutations in mtDNA can cause a wide-spectrum of life-limiting disorders, collectively known as mtDNA disease, for which the...

journal_title：Human reproduction update

authors： Craven L,Tang MX,Gorman GS,De Sutter P,Heindryckx B

更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Preimplantation embryos are particularly susceptible to in vitro developmental blocks. These could be alleviated by lowering culture medium osmolarity. Because mammalian cells regulate their volumes by adjusting intracellular osmotic pressure, cell volume regulation could be critical to early embryos. METHO...

journal_title：Human reproduction update

authors： Baltz JM,Tartia AP

更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00