Abstract：
OBJECTIVE:It is generally accepted that one of the most important predictors of recurrence in depressive and bipolar disorders is the number of previous episodes. However, very few studies have considered the individual tendency toward recurrence in analyses of the effect of the number of episodes on the risk of subsequent recurrence in affective disorder. METHOD:Frailty models were used to estimate the effect of the number of episodes on the rate of recurrence taking into account the individual frailty toward recurrence. The study base consisted of 406 patients, 186 patients with depressive disorder and 220 patients with bipolar disorder, who were admitted between 1959 and 1963 to the Psychiatric Hospital University of Zurich with an affective episode and followed up to 1997. RESULTS:The individual rate of subsequent recurrence was found to increase with the number of episodes even when the effect was adjusted for the individual frailty toward recurrence. The effect of episodes was the same in depressive and bipolar disorders and for men and women. CONCLUSION:It seems increasingly valid that in depressive and bipolar disorders, the risk of subsequent recurrence increases with the number of episodes.
journal_name
Acta Psychiatr Scandjournal_title
Acta psychiatrica Scandinavicaauthors
Kessing LV,Hansen MG,Andersen PK,Angst Jdoi
10.1046/j.1600-0447.2003.00266.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-05-01 00:00:00pages
339-44issue
5eissn
0001-690Xissn
1600-0447pii
ACP266journal_volume
109pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The prevalence of Schneiderian first-rank symptoms (FRS) in 294 consecutive admissions to a research unit was evaluated with reference to their diagnostic distribution (SADS/RDC). Thirty-five of 58 patients with schizophrenia had FRS, as compared to nine of 190 patients with major depressive disorder. All patients wit...
journal_title：Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb02807.x
更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors have repeated, on the average 29.7 years later, Rorschach test in 11 schizophrenic men and 19 schizophrenic women. This work was carried out in the course of a follow-up study of schizophrenics more than 65 years of age. Analysis of the records showed that the only differences between the first and second ...
journal_title：Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0447.1976.tb00071.x
更新日期：1976-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:EEG and EMG were monitored simultaneously at 72 ECT sessions in 18 patients. When EMG was recorded from the leg the duration of EMG curve convulsions varied between 43 and 89% of the EEG recorded seizure duration of the same fit. The EMG/EEG seizure ratio varied widely among different patients as well as within the si...
journal_title：Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0447.1981.tb00775.x
更新日期：1981-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Chronically mentally ill patients in community mental health care report a better quality of life (QOL) than those in long-term hospital care, which suggests that the treatment setting per se influences their QOL. METHOD:In a region where both treatment settings are of a comparable high standard, we assessed...
journal_title：Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0447.1999.tb10835.x
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To identify the early signs of mood disorder development, specifically bipolar disorder (BD), in a population at familial risk for BD. METHOD:The sample included 107 Dutch adolescent bipolar offspring (age 12-21) followed into adulthood (age 22-32). Lifetime DSM-IV axis I diagnoses were examined at baseline,...
journal_title：Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/acps.12739
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Investigation of deep brain stimulation (DBS) as a last-resort treatment alternative to capsulotomy in treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). METHOD:Prospective single-case based design with evaluation of DBS impact on emotions, behaviour, personality traits and executive function in three...
journal_title：Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the capacity of several thyroid-axis measures to distinguish between depressed and control subjects and determined whether these variables were related to antidepressant treatment response. We studied 105 subjects who fulfilled the DSM-III-R criteria for a current major depressive episode and 41 volunt...
journal_title：Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0447.1997.tb09648.x
更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A total of 1018 self-poisoned patients were treated during one year (1983) at the emergency room of Helsinki University Central Hospital for 1207 suicide attempts; 46% were left without psychiatric consultation. Women were consulted more frequently than men. Patients with previous psychiatric treatment were referred m...
journal_title：Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0447.1991.tb05520.x
更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Eight panic disorder patients participated in a double-blind placebo-controlled infusion study designed to induce panic-anxiety in the laboratory both before and after treatment with tricyclic antidepressants. Pre-infusion heart rates for the first infusion were significantly higher than baseline both before and after...
journal_title：Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb02902.x
更新日期：1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A study sample consisting of 51 patients suffering from acute and transient psychotic disorder (ATPD) (ICD-10) on initial examination was evaluated at 1-year follow-up. The findings show a diagnostic change in half of the patients (48%), most often to schizophrenia (15%) and affective disorder (28%). From index admiss...
journal_title：Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0447.1997.tb09920.x
更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The objective of the European Schizophrenia Outpatient Health Outcomes (SOHO) study is to understand the comparative costs and outcomes of antipsychotic drug treatment, with specific focus on olanzapine. The study will also provide a large database for research into the treatment and outcome of schizophrenia....
journal_title：Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1034/j.1600-0447.2003.00064.x
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate the concept of 'Non-affective Acute Remitting Psychosis' (NARP) in a group of patients with first episode psychosis in Iran. METHOD:This is a 24-month follow-up study of 54 patients with first-episode psychosis admitted consecutively to a psychiatric hospital in Tehran, Iran. At the end of fol...
journal_title：Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00658.x
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ninth known case of the concurrence of anorexia nervosa and Turner's syndrome is presented. The question whether the presence of Turner's syndrome represents a greater risk for a patient to develop anorexia nervosa is considered. ...
journal_title：Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0447.1975.tb00020.x
更新日期：1975-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Negative symptoms of schizophrenia are a common, enduring, and debilitating component of the psychopathology of schizophrenia. Although efforts thus far to elucidate a distinct schizophrenia subtype based upon negative symptoms have yielded mixed results, there are nevertheless neurobiological correlates of t...
journal_title：Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00947.x
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a highly effective and well-tolerated therapy for severe and treatment-resistant depression. Cognitive side-effects are still feared by some patients and clinicians. Importantly, cognitive impairments are among the most disabling symptoms of depression itself. METHODS:Patie...
journal_title：Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/acps.12652
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:This study aimed to estimate the commitment to mental health research by the European Union (EU) through the 7th framework (FP7) and the competitiveness and innovation (CIP) programmes during the 2007-2013 period. METHODS:Research projects dedicated or partially related to mental health were identified usin...
journal_title：Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/acps.12584
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a double-blind study the effects of a 14-day lithium medication (dosage: 24 mval/day to 36 mval/day) were investigated. The subjects were 24 healthy male volunteers. The effect of lithium on their mood, ability to learn nouns, and memory of the words learnt was measured after 2 hours and 14 days. In spite of a rela...
journal_title：Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0447.1979.tb06951.x
更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Failure to respond to adequate pharmacological treatment for major depression is now the most common indication for the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). The advantages of ECT with respect to both speed and quality of response are clinically important issues, but surprisingly few studies have examined the effica...
journal_title：Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0447.1997.tb09926.x
更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:We describe a case of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) following the use of physical restraint in a patient with a diagnosis of acute delusional psychotic disorder. METHOD:A new case report of DVT and PE associated with prolonged physical restraint is presented. The literature on phys...
journal_title：Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0447.2004.00456.x
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ICD-10 and DSM-IV classifications have both given low priority to "reactivity" to acute stress as a classificatory principle for functional psychoses. In Scandinavia, reactivity is still considered an important factor in the development of such psychoses. Reactivity is a complex concept, and its various components...
journal_title：Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0447.1996.tb09811.x
更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study was designed to test the hypothesis of "schizophrenic spectrum" disorders. The families of 60 process schizophrenics were systematically interviewed with structured interview forms, and evaluated for psychiatric illness according to strict diagnostic criteria. The interviewed persons were then separa...
journal_title：Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0447.1975.tb00001.x
更新日期：1975-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The aim of this 1-year follow-up study was to compare functional outcome as well as clinical differences between patients with first- and multiple-episode bipolar disorder. METHOD:Bipolar disorder patients with first (n = 60) and multiple episodes (n = 59) were recruited from two hospitals in Spain. The Func...
journal_title：Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0447.2011.01830.x
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Parental bonding patterns were studied in 52 female Japanese eating disorder outpatients with and without histories of sexual or physical abuse and with dissociation. Instruments included the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) and the Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule (...
journal_title：Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09782.x
更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Atypical depression may show lowered rather than raised short-term cortisol levels. Atypical major depressive episodes (A-MDE) may also be more closely linked to environmental factors and show overlap with somatic symptom disorders. Hair specimens allow measuring long-term cortisol levels. METHODS:Twenty-se...
journal_title：Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1111/acps.12852
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The promise of adopting a valid and reliable tool for diagnosing addiction-related problems is offered by the Addiction Severity Index (ASI). Socially determined admissions and poor treatment facilities may have biased the representativeness of our sample, though methodological difficulties were minimal. The ASI was u...
journal_title：Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb06359.x
更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is 9 years since the mental health reform was passed by the Italian Parliament. The author presents a data-based evaluation of the effects of the Italian mental health reform. There are still many problems to be resolved: More than 30,000 inpatients are still in psychiatric hospitals and little is known of the fate...
journal_title：Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0447.1988.tb05163.x
更新日期：1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to elucidate the influence of various events in childhood on suicidal behavior in adult age. For this purpose, 99 patients admitted to the Department of Psychiatry of Odense University Hospital after making a suicide attempt were followed for 5 years, to register repeated suicidal behavior. T...
journal_title：Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0447.1991.tb05505.x
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated past suicidal behaviour and family history of suicide in 713 inpatients with major depressive illness. A familial history of suicide (mainly violent) significantly increased the frequency of violent suicidal behaviour in depressive women; bipolar patients being more affected than unipolars. In depresse...
journal_title：Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb02600.x
更新日期：1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Psychological autopsies are an important research tool in establishing risk factors associated with suicide. We report the results of a validity study comparing psychological autopsy-generated DSM-III-R diagnoses in suicides and non-suicides with chart diagnoses generated by clinicians who had treated the subjects pri...
journal_title：Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1600-0447.1996.tb09869.x
更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:This study examined the nature and determinants of predominant trajectories of posttraumatic growth (PTG) over time. METHOD:Using data from a prospective, nationally representative survey of 2718 US veterans assessed in 2011, 2013, and 2015, we used latent growth mixture modeling to identify PTG trajectories...
journal_title：Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/acps.12800
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
