Abstract：
:The pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of diuretics are unique among therapeutic drugs. Knowledge of these principles can be used to great advantage in the management of heart failure, whereas ignoring them can lead to either minor or life-threatening adverse consequences. Two major categories of potential therapeutic problems are diuretic resistance and the development of disturbances in serum potassium and other electrolytes. Inhibition of sodium reabsorption in the loop of Henle or distal convoluted tubule leads to renal potassium wasting, whereas inhibition of sodium reabsorption in the collecting duct (either directly, as with triamterene or amiloride, or through aldosterone antagonism) causes potassium retention. Combining diuretics of different classes, a rational and frequently used strategy to counter diuretic resistance, can be anticipated to balance or magnify these effects, depending on the site of action of the individual drugs.
journal_name
Crit Care Nurs Clin North Amjournal_title
Critical care nursing clinics of North Americaauthors
Paul RVdoi
10.1016/s0899-5885(02)00092-8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-12-01 00:00:00pages
453-60issue
4eissn
0899-5885issn
1558-3481pii
S0899-5885(02)00092-8journal_volume
15pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Interpretation of blood gases is one of the most common clinical responsibilities of critical care nurses. Correct interpretation of blood gases is dependent on understanding the reasons for the gases to change. The two changes in pulmonary function that are most likely to affect blood gases are intrapulmonary shuntin...
journal_title：Critical care nursing clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To improve the past statistics of high mortality and morbidity in patients with TEN, definitive measures are required. Early referral and transfer to a burn center and withholding or withdrawing steroid therapy are two crucial factors. Therapeutic goals must be directed toward promotion of wound healing; correction of...
journal_title：Critical care nursing clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article summarizes a critical analysis of 18 studies that examined the link between hand washing and infection. Although several factors made it difficult to evaluate the effect of hand washing, the authors conclude that (1) hand washing can add incremental value to infection-control strategies in acute care sett...
journal_title：Critical care nursing clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pressure injury prevention is required in all health care environments. Respiratory technology includes invasive and noninvasive positive pressure ventilation methods of support and life-saving equipment. Pressure injury can occur from tracheostomy tubes and their securement devices, or use of noninvasive positive pre...
journal_title：Critical care nursing clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cnc.2017.01.006
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article reviews the nursing care of the patient who receives a lung transplant, starting with preparation for admission to the ICU. Issues of oxygenation, airway clearance, hemodynamic and fluid assessment, infection control, incisional assessment, and pain are addressed throughout the hospitalization. Emotional ...
journal_title：Critical care nursing clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pediatric brain tumors are the most common solid tumor and the second most common neoplasm in childhood. Diagnosis is made by CT scan and MR imaging. Treatment includes surgery followed by observation, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy. A multidisciplinary approach in the treatment of these children is necessary with...
journal_title：Critical care nursing clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Often used interchangeably, chronic lung disease (CLD) or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) develops primarily in extremely low birth weight infants weighing <1000 g who receive prolonged oxygen therapy and or positive pressure ventilation. CLD, which occurs in as many as 30 percent of infants born weighing <1000 g, co...
journal_title：Critical care nursing clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccell.2008.09.006
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The gut organs are vulnerable to injury during shock because of ischemia and reperfusion of the microcirculation. These injuries result in upper GI hemorrhage, liver dysfunction, and pancreatic and mesenteric necrosis. Toxic mediators, released via lymph drainage and with reperfusion, contribute to the failure of othe...
journal_title：Critical care nursing clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The detailed evaluation of a patient for liver transplant candidacy involves health care professionals from various disciplines to ensure that liver transplantation is optimal for patient morbidity and mortality from the medical and psychosocial perspective. The national liver allocation policy is complex and should b...
journal_title：Critical care nursing clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccell.2010.05.002
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients with chronic liver diseases sustain impairment to immune systems, which worsens over time. These defects in their host defense lead to risks of bacterial infections and increased morbidity. Providers should have heightened surveillance for infectious diseases and suspect one with any acute change in status. P...
journal_title：Critical care nursing clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccell.2010.04.002
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The health care culture must change. Florence Nightingale wrote [8] "deep-rooted and universal is the conviction that to give a medicine is to be doing something, or rather everything and to give air, warmth, cleanliness etc. is to do nothing." Hygiene care practices and mobility activities are fundamental and indepen...
journal_title：Critical care nursing clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccell.2006.08.006
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The number of patients with heart failure is growing; the associated morbidity and mortality remains dismal. Advance care planning, end-of-life conversations, and palliative care referrals are appropriate, but do not occur regularly. Palliative care focuses on patients and families from diagnosis, to hospice, death, a...
journal_title：Critical care nursing clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cnc.2015.07.007
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Based in Kuwait 3 years apart, the authors recount how nurses and corps staff, along with their physician counterparts, came together to form well-run medical facilities under adverse circumstances. Their respective hospitals became competent organizations because of specific formulas for success, along with preparati...
journal_title：Critical care nursing clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ccell.2007.10.009
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A fearful stranger to the healthcare sector when she became a frequent user 2 years ago, Goeltz clearly is now a sophisticated and creative partner. She is fully engaged in decision-making and holds the decisions made as her own. Physicians often worry that their patients don't fully consent to the treatment given the...
journal_title：Critical care nursing clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0899-5885(02)00033-3
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Advances in technology have resulted in a plethora of invasive neuromonitoring options for practitioners to manage while caring for the complex needs of the critical care patient. Although many types of invasive neuromonitoring are available to the practitioner, intraparenchymal monitors and external ventricular devic...
journal_title：Critical care nursing clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cnc.2015.10.001
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most women who quit smoking during pregnancy return to tobacco use within 6 months after delivery. Findings demonstrate that minimal intervention effectiveness exists with strategies to prevent postpartum smoking relapse. This article provides a synthesis of current research on postpartum tobacco use. Whether in the l...
journal_title：Critical care nursing clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccell.2005.10.004
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The critical care nurse caring for the postoperative bleeding patient must have a thorough knowledge of basic hemostatic principles and inherited and acquired disorders. Early recognition and treatment of bleeding problems reduces surgical morbidity and mortality; therefore astute clinical observations and a thorough ...
journal_title：Critical care nursing clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The incidence of gastrointestinal trauma is low in comparison with solid organ injury to the abdomen. The most commonly injured organs are the small bowel and colon. Knowledge of the mechanism of injury alerts the nurse to areas of potential injury and guides the clinical examination. Because of the delayed presentati...
journal_title：Critical care nursing clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ablative therapy for treatment of tachycarrhythmias has developed rapidly in recent years due to an increased understanding of electrophysiologic mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis and improved modalities of destroying or isolating arrhythmogenic tissue. Radiofrequency catheter ablation is currently the most frequently pe...
journal_title：Critical care nursing clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this article is to provide an appreciation for a significant risk to quality of care affecting patients receiving mechanical ventilation: unplanned extubation. A summary of the current literature provides evidence-based recommendations for how to minimize this potentially dangerous complication. In addi...
journal_title：Critical care nursing clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ccell.2012.06.004
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rabies is a devastating encephalitis caused by RNA viruses that use mammals as reservoirs. In the United States, most naturally acquired human cases have come from bats. The use of appropriate preexposure and postexposure prophylaxis can be nearly 100% effective. If prophylaxis is not used, or is implemented incorrect...
journal_title：Critical care nursing clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccell.2013.02.001
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Liver transplantation has evolved into an accepted treatment for many suffering from end-stage liver failure. The complex nature of the liver results in every organ system being impacted by either the failing or the transplanted liver. Organ shortage remains problematic, and work to ensure maximizing the organ donor p...
journal_title：Critical care nursing clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccell.2011.08.002
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The nutritional needs of the bum-injured patient are exaggerated and change constantly with the patient's stage of convalescence. Nurses working closely with other members of the health care team, specifically the nutritional specialist, can positively affect the patient's survival by optimizing the nutritional assess...
journal_title：Critical care nursing clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccell.2003.09.004
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Insight into the experience of family-member decision making regarding treatment of incompetent ICU patients can be gained through an exploration of the literature regarding the ICU environment, normative bioethics, and the decision-making process (see Fig. 1). The review of these relevant bodies of literature has sug...
journal_title：Critical care nursing clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is clear that as a chronic illness, heart disease can create multiple stressors for women, including limitations on the performance of daily activities, difficulties managing symptoms and treatment, changes in role performance, lack of social support, and a reduced quality of life. Although available studies provid...
journal_title：Critical care nursing clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sepsis and septic shock are complex, clinical conditions associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. There are evidence-based guidelines outlining priority care areas for sepsis, including early screening outside the intensive care unit. Nurses are directly involved with patient care and must be able to provid...
journal_title：Critical care nursing clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cnc.2018.05.005
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The differential diagnosis of chest pain is a challenging clinical experience requiring a perceptive and observant clinician. The patient is dependent on the clinician's skill in eliciting a meaningful and relevant history. The clinician must consider reasonable alternative diagnoses while providing immediate therapie...
journal_title：Critical care nursing clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cardiac surgical patients risk arrest from tamponade, profound bleeding, and hypovolemia, typically occurring within hours of intensive care admission and associated with diminished response to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The Society of Thoracic Surgeons' evidence-based Expert Consensus Statement establishes ...
journal_title：Critical care nursing clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cnc.2019.05.010
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sedation is a necessary component of care for the critically ill. Oversedation, however, is associated with immediate complications and long-term problems, termed post-intensive care unit syndrome. It also contributes to unnecessary costs of care. This article describes the physical, functional, psychiatric, and cogni...
journal_title：Critical care nursing clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cnc.2016.02.003
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article describes the potential application of brain tissue oxygen monitoring technology in the care of patients who have sustained traumatic brain injury (TBI) or subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). To accomplish this objective, a review of the intracranial dynamics that are created by primary and secondary brain inj...
journal_title：Critical care nursing clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ccell.2006.01.003
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
