Abstract:
:Urinary stone disease is the only clinical presentation in patients with cystinuria. Two genes have been associated with type I (SLC3A1) and non-type I (SLC7A9) cystinuria and multiple mutations of these genes have been identified. The type I form is completely recessive while the non-type I form is incompletely recessive. Clinically, heterozygotes with type I mutations are silent while heterozygotes with non-type I (types II and III) present with a wide range of urinary cystine levels and some even have symptomatic urolithiasis. Although the exact molecular basis for these differences needs additional investigations, the future of medical management of cystinuria is based on molecular and gene therapy. Minimally invasive surgery using percutaneous and ureteroscopic techniques is the cornerstone of surgical management. Both cystine and struvite calculi can form staghorn configuration with propensity for rapid growth and frequent recurrences after surgical treatment. While urinary alkalinization for cystine calculi is an integral part of medical management, the effect of oral alkalinizing agents is limited because of the high pKa (8.3) of cystine. Chelating agents, therefore, are frequently used to decrease cystine solubility and stone recurrences. Similarly, urinary acidification for struvite calculi may dissolve existing stones and prevent recurrences. However, no effective oral agent is available today. A future challenge will be to introduce reliable oral agents for urinary acidification.
journal_name
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Amjournal_title
Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North Americaauthors
Shekarriz B,Stoller MLdoi
10.1016/s0889-8529(02)00054-3subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-12-01 00:00:00pages
951-77issue
4eissn
0889-8529issn
1558-4410pii
S0889-8529(02)00054-3journal_volume
31pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Recent advances in the genetics of the family of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) enzymes have helped in the understanding of the molecular basis and hormonal phenotype of bona fide 3 beta-HSD deficiency congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). This article revisits the clinical spectra of 3 beta-HSD defi...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract::Specific lesions of the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis have been identified in humans, each of which has distinctive auxologic and biochemical features. Measures of circulating IGF-I are useful in diagnosing growth disorders in childhood and in evaluating response to GH therapy. Recombinant ...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
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journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
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journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
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journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
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journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2007.04.001
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Trabecular bone score (TBS) is a novel method that assesses skeletal texture from spine dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) images. TBS improves fracture-risk prediction beyond that provided by DXA bone mineral density (BMD) and clinical risk factors, and can be incorporated to the Word Health Organization Fracture...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2016.09.005
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
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更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
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journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
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更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to decreased bone strength and an increased risk of low-energy fractures. Central dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements are the gold standard for determining bone mineral density. Bone loss is an inevitab...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Unlike other pituitary hormones, PRL is under tonic inhibition by the hypothalamus by way of the PRL inhibitory factor, dopamine. GAP and GABA may also be inhibitory. PRL-releasing factors include TRH and VIP and possibly others. Circulating PRL is predominantly monomeric, although some patients with hyperprolactinemi...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although biotechnology has provided physicians with essentially unlimited supplies of growth hormone (GH), there are currently only a few clear-cut indications for exogenous GH therapy. Data now support the use of GH in the treatment of children with GH deficiency and short girls with Turner syndrome. Tantalizing prel...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency can be diagnosed with measurements of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD). Most vitamin D is derived from sunlight (80%), so serum 25OHD levels are lowest in late winter and early spring. Dietary vitamin D in North America is small, about 100 to 200 IU daily. A recent review of the...
journal_title:Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2017.07.003
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00