Antirheumatic drugs: clinical pharmacological and therapeutic aspects.

abstract：:Pinacidil is a newly developed antihypertensive vasodilator, proposed to belong to the new group of smooth muscle relaxants, the K+ channel openers. The in vitro effects of pinacidil on induced tone, smooth muscle membrane potential and 86Rb and 42K efflux from rat resistance vessels (internal diameter about 200 micro...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Videbaek LM,Aalkjaer C,Mulvany MJ

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As a symptom of an underlying condition, cough is one of the most common reasons patients see physicians. To the majority, a cough means that 'something is wrong' and it causes exhaustion and/or self-consciousness. Patients find these reasons as well as effects on lifestyle, fear of cancer and/or AIDS or tuberculosis ...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Irwin RS,Curley FJ,Bennett FM

更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The goal of organ transplantation is to provide durable organ function while minimizing risks such as infection and cancer. Induction therapy in renal transplantation provides improved short- and long-term graft outcomes compared with placebo. Three agents are currently available and widely used in the US; rabbit anti...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Wagner SJ,Brennan DC

更新日期：2012-03-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Antibacterial activities of cefotaxime and its major metabolite, desacetylcefotaxime, against 178 strains (of 10 species) were assessed in terms of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC50 and MIC80), and were compared with those of cefoperazone and ceftazidime. The activity of desacetylcefotaxime was several times le...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Oizumi K,Hayashi I,Aonuma S,Konno K

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pimavanserin (Nuplazid™) is a selective and potent serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) receptor inverse agonist and antagonist developed by ACADIA Pharmaceuticals that has been approved in the US as a treatment for patients with hallucinations and delusions associated with Parkinson's disease psychosis. Up to 60 % of patients with ...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Markham A

更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is clinically defined as an acute peripheral neuropathy causing limb weakness that progresses over a time period of days or, at the most, up to 4 weeks. GBS occurs throughout the world with a median annual incidence of 1.3 cases per population of 100 000, with men being more frequently af...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Kuwabara S

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The prevalence of penicillin-resistant pneumococci is increasing worldwide. Methods for susceptibility testing, as well as in vitro susceptibility of penicillin-susceptible and -resistant strains to new and existing agents (including oral and parenteral streptogramins), are described. For all specimens except CSF, oxa...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Appelbaum PC

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The concept of balanced analgesia was introduced to improve analgesic efficacy and reduce adverse effects. A large amount of clinical data has documented improved analgesia by combining different analgesics, but data on reducing adverse effects are inconclusive. Balanced analgesia should be used whenever possible, and...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Kehlet H,Werner M,Perkins F

更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The lipid-modifying profile of bezafibrate is characterised by marked decreases in elevated triglyceride levels, increases in high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and decreases in total and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. Bezafibrate also reduces elevated levels of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)]...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Goa KL,Barradell LB,Plosker GL

更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The extra-oesophageal signs that are most commonly related to gastro-oesophageal reflux include chest pain, asthma, chronic cough, posterior laryngitis and dental erosions. It is characteristic to find in such patients a poor presence of symptoms and endoscopic and pH-metric findings that are common in typical reflux....

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Rodríguez-Téllez M

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oral fidaxomicin (Dificid(®); Dificlir(®)) is a first-in-class macrocyclic antibacterial that is approved in several countries for the treatment of adult patients with Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea. Fidaxomicin 200 mg twice daily for 10 days was an effective and generally well tolerated treatment in adult...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Scott LJ

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When peripheral decarboxylation is blocked by carbidopa or benserazide, the main metabolic pathway of levodopa is O-methylation by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). Entacapone and tolcapone are new potent, selective and reversible nitrocatechol-type COMT inhibitors. Animal studies have demonstrated that entacapone ...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Kaakkola S

更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Levetiracetam (Keppra®, E Keppra®) is an established second-generation antiepileptic drug (AED). Worldwide, levetiracetam is most commonly approved as adjunctive treatment of partial onset seizures with or without secondary generalization; other approved indications include monotherapy treatment of partial onset seizu...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Lyseng-Williamson KA

更新日期：2011-03-05 00:00:00

abstract：:In a double-blind study, 40 patients scheduled for saphenectomy or inguinal hernioplasty were randomly assigned to treatment with nimesulide (200mg 3 times daily) or diclofenac (100mg 3 times daily) administered rectally. Therapy with either drug resulted in significantly less pain, oedema and hyperaemia, and resoluti...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Ramella G,Costagli V,Vetere M,Capra C,Casella G,Sogni A,Scaricabarozzi I

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Everolimus is an immunosuppressant that blocks growth factor-mediated proliferation of haematopoietic and nonhaematopoietic cells. Oral everolimus 0.75 or 1.5mg twice daily significantly reduced the incidence of the primary composite endpoint, efficacy failure 6 months after transplantation, compared with azathioprine...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Chapman TM,Perry CM

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Olaratumab (Lartruvo™) is a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeted against the human platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor α (PDGFRα). It was developed by Eli Lilly and Co. (previously ImClone Systems) after PDGFRα was identified as a potential therapeutic target in a variety of cancers. Olaratumab act...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Shirley M

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mTOR pathway is implicated in the pathogenesis of lymphoma. Deeper understanding of the diversity and biological impact of this pathway has led to the development of specific inhibitors to this pathway. Preclinical data in cell lines, patient samples and disease models have bro...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Seiler T,Hutter G,Dreyling M

更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:With changing donor characteristics and the growing shortage in organ supply, renal transplant practitioners have sought to optimize the use of expanded criteria donor (ECD) kidneys, which have poorer outcomes than standard criteria donor (SCD) kidneys. The outcomes may represent an acceptable trade-off if ECD transpl...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： House AA,Nguan CY,Luke PP

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cisatracurium besilate (besylate) is a nondepolarising neuromuscular blocking agent with an intermediate duration of action. It is the R-cis, R'-cis isomer of atracurium besilate and is approximately 3-fold more potent than the mixture of isomers that constitute the parent drug. The ED95 for cisatracurium besilate (do...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Bryson HM,Faulds D

更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Diquafosol ophthalmic solution 3 % (Diquas(®)) is a P2Y2 receptor agonist that promotes tear fluid and mucin secretion and is currently approved in Japan and South Korea for the treatment of dry eye. In randomized, double-blind, multicentre trials in patients with dry eye, significantly greater improvements in fluores...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Keating GM

更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Teneligliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that was approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Japan and Korea and is being researched in several countries. Teneligliptin is a potent, selective, and long-lasting DPP-4 inhibitor with a t½ of approximately 24 h and unique pharmacok...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Ceriello A,De Nigris V,Iijima H,Matsui T,Gouda M

更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Preclinical studies indicate that angiogenic growth factors can stimulate the development of collateral arteries in animal models of peripheral or myocardial ischaemia, a concept termed 'therapeutic angiogenesis'. The goal of this review is to provide a brief overview of the advantages and disadvantages of gene versus...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Amant C,Berthou L,Walsh K

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent clinical trials have demonstrated beyond doubt that statins are effective in the prevention of acute coronary events. Critical analysis of these studies suggests that the benefits of statin therapy cannot be fully explained on the basis of reductions in plasma cholesterol levels. Accumulating knowledge of the a...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Wheeler DC

更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cardiovascular and cardiorenal disease continuum comprises the transition from cardiovascular risk factors to endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis, to clinical complications such as myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke, to the development of persistent target-organ damage and, ultimately, to chronic conges...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Werner C,Pöss J,Böhm M

更新日期：2010-07-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Atherosclerosis can be defined in terms of the processes involved rather than in morphological terms, and there is evidence for possible roles of the macrophage in atherogenesis. The relevance of hyperlipidaemia to the morphogenesis of the atherosclerotic plaque is important, and this has been described in animal mode...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Woolf N

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A number of oral and inhaled drugs are available for the long term management of patients with persistent asthma, yet the disease continues to be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Over the past years, inhaled glucocorticoids have become established as a cornerstone of maintenance therapy because of ...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Fabbri LM,Piattella M,Caramori G,Ciaccia A

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common age-related neurodegenerative disease and has become an urgent public health problem in most areas of the world. Substantial progress has been made in understanding the basic neurobiology of AD and, as a result, new drugs for its treatment have become available. Cholinestera...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Grutzendler J,Morris JC

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cenegermin (Oxervate™), an ophthalmic solution containing 20 µg/mL of recombinant human nerve growth factor (rhNGF), is the first drug to be approved for the treatment of neurotrophic keratitis (NK; also referred to as neurotrophic keratopathy). In the registration trials, the majority of adults with moderate or sever...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Deeks ED,Lamb YN

更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:ZD1839 ('Iressa') is an orally active, selective epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor which blocks signal transduction pathways implicated in the proliferation and survival of cancer cells and other host-dependent processes promoting cancer growth. In preclinical studies, ZD1839 produced reversib...

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Baselga J,Averbuch SD

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Delayed gastric emptying, gastroparesis, is one of the sequelae of diabetes mellitus. Symptoms may include postprandial nausea, epigastric pain, bloating, vomiting, early satiety and unpredictable blood sugar fluctuations. Nowadays diagnosis is made by the measurement of gastric emptying with a radionuclide test meal....

journal_title：Drugs

authors： Drenth JP,Engels LG

更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00